Scribonia Magna (), known in modern historical sources as Scribonia Crassi, was a

Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter ...

noblewoman. Scribonia was descended from

Pompey Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (; 29 September 106 BC – 28 September 48 BC), known in English as Pompey or Pompey the Great, was a leading Roman general and statesman. He played a significant role in the transformation of ...

Biography

Scribonia was born before 16, as in that year her father was executed by the Roman emperor

Tiberius Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was the second Roman emperor. He reigned from AD 14 until 37, succeeding his stepfather, the first Roman emperor Augustus. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC. His father ...

, who had charged him in planning a revolt against the emperor. Scribonia was born and raised in

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

. Very little is known of her life. Scribonia married

Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi (flourished 1st century AD) was a Roman nobleman of consular rank who lived during the Roman Empire. Frugi's mother was an unnamed Roman woman, while his father was consul and governor Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi. ...

,Syme, ''The Roman Revolution'', p.578 a man of consular rank. Frugi's father, consul and governor

Marcus Licinius Crassus Marcus Licinius Crassus (; 115 – 53 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who played a key role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. He is often called "the richest man in Rome." Wallechinsky, David & Wallace, I ...

, was the adopted son of consul and general

the grandson of triumvir

. He was the last known direct descendant of the triumvir who bore his name.

Children and descendants

Scribonia bore Frugi the following children: *Son, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus. He married Roman princess

Claudia Antonia Claudia Antonia (Classical Latin: ANTONIA•CLAUDII•CAESARIS•FILIA (edd), ''Prosopographia Imperii Romani saeculi I, II et III'', Berlin, 1933 - A 886) (c. AD 30–AD 66) was the daughter and oldest surviving child of the Roman Emperor ...

in 43, the daughter and only child of Roman emperor

Claudius Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (; 1 August 10 BC – 13 October AD 54) was the fourth Roman emperor, ruling from AD 41 to 54. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, Claudius was born to Nero Claudius Drusus, Drusu ...

from his second marriage to

Aelia Paetina Aelia Paetina or Paetina (fl. early 1st century AD) was the second wife of the Roman Emperor Claudius. Her biological father was a consul of 4 AD, Sextus Aelius Catus, while her mother is unknown. Family She was born into the family of the ...

. Magnus was murdered in 47. *Son, Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi. He served as consul in 64 under Roman emperor

Nero Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68), was the fifth Roman emperor and final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 un ...

had Frugi executed between 66 and 68, because of information brought against him by

Marcus Aquilius Regulus Marcus Aquilius Regulus was a Roman senator, and notorious '' delator'' or informer who was active during the reigns of Nero and Domitian. Regulus is one of the best known examples of this occupation, in the words of Steven Rutledge, due to "the vi ...

.Shelton, ''The Women of Pliny's Letters'', p. 153 After his death, his widow with their children went to a

Roman Senate The Roman Senate ( la, Senātus Rōmānus) was a governing and advisory assembly in ancient Rome. It was one of the most enduring institutions in Roman history, being established in the first days of the city of Rome (traditionally founded in ...

meeting in 70 early in the reign of Roman emperor

Vespasian Vespasian (; la, Vespasianus ; 17 November AD 9 – 23/24 June 79) was a Roman emperor who reigned from AD 69 to 79. The fourth and last emperor who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors, he founded the Flavian dynasty that ruled the Empi ...

, seeking vengeance for Frugi's death. Regulus with his associated political circle was prosecuted by the Roman Senate. The wife of Frugi was Sulpicia Praetextata daughter of the suffect consul in 46,

Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus Peticus Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus Peticus (died 67) was a Roman senator during the reign of Nero. Life Camerinus served as suffect consul in 46 with Marcus Junius Silanus as his colleague, and as proconsul of Africa from 56 to 57. Camerinus was a me ...

.Rudich, ''Political Dissidence Under Nero: The Price of Dissimulation'', p. 203 With Sulpicia Praetextata, Frugi had four children: **Daughter, Licinia Praetextata, who served as a Chief Vestal Virgin.Romeins Imperium – Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi translated from Dutch to English
/ref> **Son, Lucius Scribonius Libo Rupilius Frugi Bonus, who served as a suffect consul in 88, **Son, Marcus Licinius Scribonianus Camerinus, and **Son,

Gaius Calpurnius Piso Crassus Frugi Licinianus Gaius Calpurnius Piso Crassus Frugi Licinianus (died 118) was a Roman senator who lived in the 1st and 2nd centuries. He served as suffect consul for the '' nundinium'' January to April 87, replacing the emperor Domitian. Crassus is best known for ...

, who served as a consul in 87. *Son, Marcus Licinius Crassus Scribonianus. Sometime between 68 and 69 the general

Marcus Antonius Primus Marcus Antonius Primus (born between 20 AD and 35 AD – died after 81 AD) was a senator and general of the Roman Empire. Biography Early life Primus was born at Tolosa (Toulouse) in Gaul. He was likely the son/grandson of Lucius Antonius (grand ...

, had offered Scribonianus the

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Mediterr ...

and position of Roman emperor; however Scribonianus refused to accept this. *Son, Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi Licinianus or

Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi Licinianus (38 – 15 January 69) was a Roman nobleman who lived in the 1st century. He was adopted by the Roman Emperor Galba as his heir to the throne, only to be killed during the Year of Four Emperors on the same ...

(38-69). Licinianus was adopted by the brief Roman emperor Galba, who reigned between 68 and 69. Licinianus became Galba's son and heir, who was murdered on the orders of

Otho Marcus Otho (; born Marcus Salvius Otho; 28 April 32 – 16 April 69) was the seventh Roman emperor, ruling for three months from 15 January to 16 April 69. He was the second emperor of the Year of the Four Emperors. A member of a noble Etr ...

, when trying to obtain the Roman throne. Licinianus married a Roman woman called Verania Germina, who came from a family of consular rank. *Daughter, Licinia Magna. She married the Senator Lucius Calpurnius Piso, who served as one of the consuls in 57. Piso was later killed by Roman emperor

as an enemy of the emperor. Licinia died at an unknown date from 70 until 80 as her grave altar is dated from this period, which was found on the grounds of Villa Bonaparte near the

Porta Salaria Porta Salaria was a gate in the Aurelian Walls of Rome, Italy. Constructed between 271 AD and 275 AD, it was finally demolished in 1921. History Porta Salaria was part of the Aurelian Walls built by emperor Aurelian in the 3rd century, includ ...

. The land may have been part of the family's suburban estates and her grave altar is on display at the

Vatican Museums The Vatican Museums ( it, Musei Vaticani; la, Musea Vaticana) are the public museums of the Vatican City. They display works from the immense collection amassed by the Catholic Church and the papacy throughout the centuries, including several of ...

. Licinia and Piso had one child: ** Daughter, Calpurnia, who married Calpurnius Piso Galerianus, son of Gaius Calpurnius Piso (co-consul in 41 with

).''The Cambridge Ancient History''. Vol. 5, VII ed. London: Cambridge University Press, 1970-2007. Calpurnius Piso Galerianus was executed in 70 for opposing Vespasian.Anne Publie. "Les Cneuius"

& Anne Publie. "Les Caesoninus

/ref>

Death

In the spring of 47 Scribonia, her husband and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus were executed on the orders of Roman empress Valeria

Messalina Valeria Messalina (; ) was the third wife of Roman emperor Claudius. She was a paternal cousin of Emperor Nero, a second cousin of Emperor Caligula, and a great-grandniece of Emperor Augustus. A powerful and influential woman with a reputatio ...

. After Scribonia, her husband and her son had died, the three were placed in the tomb of ''Licinii Calpurnii'' that is located on the

Via Salaria The Via Salaria was an ancient Roman road in Italy. It eventually ran from Rome (from Porta Salaria of the Aurelian Walls) to ''Castrum Truentinum'' ( Porto d'Ascoli) on the Adriatic coast, a distance of 242 km. The road also passed throug ...

. Also placed in the tomb was their son, Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi II.

References

{{reflist

Other sources

Romeins Imperium – Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi translated from Dutch to English
*Anne Publie. "Les Cneuius"

& Anne Publie. "Les Caesoninus

*

Suetonius Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (), commonly referred to as Suetonius ( ; c. AD 69 – after AD 122), was a Roman historian who wrote during the early Imperial era of the Roman Empire. His most important surviving work is a set of biographies ...

- The Lives of the Twelves Caesars -

Caligula Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (31 August 12 – 24 January 41), better known by his nickname Caligula (), was the third Roman emperor, ruling from 37 until his assassination in 41. He was the son of the popular Roman general Germanicu ...

*http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANPAC/6*.html *R. Syme, The Roman Revolution, Oxford University Press, 2002 *S.H. Rutledge, Imperial Inquisitions: Prosecutors and Informants from Tiberius to Domitian (Google eBook), Routledge, 2002 *J. Elsner & J. Huskinson, Life, Death and Representation: Some New Work on Roman Sarcophagi (Google eBook), Walter de Gruyter, 2010 *V. Rudich, Political Dissidence Under Nero: The Price of Dissimulation, Routledge, 2013 *J. Shelton, The Women of Pliny's Letters, Routledge, 2013

External links

*https://web.archive.org/web/20080503112904/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/1930.html *https://web.archive.org/web/20070906204222/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/2710.html *http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/2808.html *https://web.archive.org/web/20051231184618/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3573.html
The Piso Frugi family
1st-century Roman women Scribonii Year of birth unknown Year of death unknown