Ethnic and place names are often used as derisive adjectives.Ed Cray, "Ethnic and Place Names as Derisive Adjectives", ''

Western Folklore ''Western Folklore'' is a quarterly academic journal for the study of folklore published by the Western States Folklore Society (formerly the California Folklore Society). It was established in 1942 as the ''California Folklore Quarterly'' and obt ...

'' 21:1:27–34 (January 1962), p. 27-34 Kenneth Porter, "Still More Ethnic and Place Names as Derisive Adjectives", ''

'' 25:1:37–40 (January 1966) Most of these derisive adjectives reflect

stereotypes In social psychology, a stereotype is a generalized belief about a particular category of people. It is an expectation that people might have about every person of a particular group. The type of expectation can vary; it can be, for example ...

about the ethnicity or the place. Most are

pejorative A pejorative or slur is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or a disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something. It is also used to express criticism, hostility, or disregard. Sometimes, a ...

and some are

offensive Offensive may refer to: * Offensive, the former name of the Dutch political party Socialist Alternative * Offensive (military), an attack * Offensive language ** Fighting words or insulting language, words that by their very utterance inflict inj ...

. ;African dominoes:

Dice Dice (singular die or dice) are small, throwable objects with marked sides that can rest in multiple positions. They are used for generating random values, commonly as part of tabletop games, including dice games, board games, role-playing g ...

. ;African golf:

Craps Craps is a dice game in which players bet on the outcomes of the roll of a pair of dice. Players can wager money against each other (playing "street craps") or against a bank ("casino craps"). Because it requires little equipment, "street c ...

. ;Arizona cloudburst:A

sandstorm A dust storm, also called a sandstorm, is a meteorological phenomenon common in arid and semi-arid regions. Dust storms arise when a gust front or other strong wind blows loose sand and dirt from a dry surface. Fine particles are transporte ...

. ;Arizona paint job:An unpainted, weathered pine building. ;Arkansas asphalt:A road made of logs. ;Arkansas fire extinguisher:A

chamberpot A chamber pot is a portable toilet, meant for nocturnal use in the bedroom. It was common in many cultures before the advent of indoor plumbing and flushing toilets. Names and etymology "Chamber" is an older term for bedroom. The chamber pot ...

. ;Arkansas toothpick:A knife with an extra-legal blade. ;Aztec hop:Dysentary or diarrhea. ;Baltimore beef steak:

Liver The liver is a major Organ (anatomy), organ only found in vertebrates which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the Protein biosynthesis, synthesis of proteins and biochemicals necessary for ...

. ;Boston strawberries:Beans. ; Bronx cheer. ;California Bible:= California prayer book. ;California bank notes:Silver and hides used as money. ;California breakfast:A cigarette and an orange. ;California prayer book:A deck of cards. ;California toothpick:= Arkansas toothpick. ;Cape Ann turkey:= Cape Cod turkey ;Cape Cod turkey:Codfish. ;Chicago overcoat:

cement shoes Cement shoes, concrete shoes, or Chicago overcoat is a method of murder or body disposal, usually associated with criminals such as the Mafia or gangs. It involves weighing down the victim, who may be dead or alive, with concrete and throwing them ...

or a coffin. ;Chicago piano:A Thompson submachine gun. ;Chinaman's chance:No chance at all. ;

Chinese fire drill "Chinese fire drill" is a slang term for a situation that is chaotic or confusing, possibly due to poor or misunderstood instructions. Origins The term goes back to the early 1900s, and is alleged to have originated when a ship run by British of ...

;Chinese B:A grade inflated to compensate for a student's disadvantage. ;Cincinnati quail:= Confederate beef. ; Colored peoples'/folks' time:Late. ;Confederate beef/mule:Fatty

salt pork Salt pork is salt-cured pork. It is usually prepared from pork belly, or, more rarely, fatback. Salt pork typically resembles uncut side bacon, but is fattier, being made from the lowest part of the belly, and saltier, as the cure is stronger an ...

. ;Connecticut mile:The distance traveled in one minute. ;Curse of Montezuma:= Aztec hop. ;Dago red:Cheap red wine. ;Dallas special:= Arkansas toothpick. ;Detroit iron:An American car. ;Detroit sled:= Detroit iron. ;Dutch act:

Suicide Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Mental disorders (including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, anxiety disorders), physical disorders (such as chronic fatigue syndrome), and s ...

. ;

Dutch courage Dutch courage, also known as pot-valiance or liquid courage, refers to courage gained from intoxication with alcohol. History The popular story dates the etymology of the term ''Dutch courage'' to English soldiers fighting in the Anglo-Du ...

:Courage from drunkenness. ;Dutch leave:= French leave. ;Dutch rub:A kind of torture between children. ;

Dutch treat ''Dutch Treat'' is a 1987 action comedy film co-starring and written by David Landsberg and Lorin Dreyfuss for The Cannon Group. Plot Jerry Morgan appears in the court. He has to answer for more than 250 parking violations that were actually co ...

;

Dutch uncle Dutch uncle is an informal term for a person who issues frank, harsh or severe comments and criticism to educate, encourage or admonish someone. Thus, a "Dutch uncle" is the reverse of what is normally thought of as avuncular or uncle-like (indul ...

:An affectionate, older friend, remotely related person, or someone who reprimands severely. ;Ethiopian paradise:= Nigger heaven ;French inhale:Exhaling smoke from the mouth and then inhaling it through the nose. ;

French kiss A French kiss, also known as cataglottism or a tongue kiss, is an amorous kiss in which the participants' tongues extend to touch each other's lips or tongue. A kiss with the tongue stimulates the partner's lips, tongue and mouth, which are sens ...

; French leave ;Haight Street breakfast:Muscatel and Wheaties. ;

Indian giver "Indian giver" is a pejorative expression used to describe a person who gives a "gift" and later wants it back or who expects something of equivalent worth in return for the item. It is based on cultural misunderstandings that took place between ...

;Indian haircut:A

scalping Scalping is the act of cutting or tearing a part of the human scalp, with hair attached, from the head, and generally occurred in warfare with the scalp being a trophy. Scalp-taking is considered part of the broader cultural practice of the tak ...

. ;Irish banjo:A shovel. ;Irish confetti:Bricks and cobblestones thrown during street fights. ;Irish pendants/pennants:Rags or laundry hung up to dry on board ship. ;Irish shift/switch:Describes a politician talking to one person with his arm around another, smiling all the while at a third. ;Irish twins:Siblings born within the same calendar year, or within twelve months of each other. ;Irishman's buggy:A wheelbarrow. ;Irishman's turkey:Corned beef and cabbage. ;Jew flag:A dollar bill. ;Jew shave:An unshaven face covered with talcum powder. ;Jewish overdrive:= Mexican overdrive. ;Jewish side-walls:= Mexican side-walls ;Jewish time:Late. ;Jewish windbreaker:A mink coat. ;Jigaboo joy shop:A store which sells chrome accessories for automobiles. ;Kansas nigger:An African-American who does not defer to whites. ;Kentucky credit card:= Mexican credit card. ;Kentucky oysters:= Rocky Mountain oysters. ;Kentucky windage:Compensating for wind or misaligned rifle sights by aiming off target. ;Mahon soger:A lazy and worthless sailor. ;

Mexican standoff A Mexican standoff is a confrontation in which no strategy exists that allows any party to achieve victory. Any party initiating aggression might trigger its own demise. At the same time, the parties are unable to extricate themselves from the sit ...

;Mexican Bogner's:Jeans worn as ski pants. ;Mexican breakfast:A cigarette and a glass of water. ;Mexican car wash:Leaving an automobile out in the rain. ;Mexican cashmere:A sweatshirt. ;Mexican chrome:Silver-color paint used to decorate a car. ;Mexican credit card:A siphon for stealing gasoline. ;Mexican dragline:A shovel. ;Mexican filling station:= Mexican credit card. ;Mexican fox-trot:= Aztec hop. ;Mexican motor mount:Inner tubing used instead of proper parts. ;Mexican muffler:A can stuffed with steel wool on an exhaust pipe. ;Mexican nose guard:

Jockstrap A jockstrap, also a jock (male), jill (female), strap, cup, groin guard, pelvic protector (female), supporter, or athletic supporter, is an undergarment for protecting the testes and penis or vulva during contact sports or other vigorous physic ...

. ;Mexican overdrive:Driving downhill in neutral. ;Mexican promotion:An increase in rank or title without a pay raise. ;Mexican side-walls:Painted tires. ;Mexican straight:In poker, any five cards and a sharp knife. ;Mexican threads:A stripped bolt forced into a hole to cut new threads. ;Mexican toothache:= Aztec hop. ;Mexican two-step:= Aztec hop. ;Mexican valve job:Cleaning a carburetor with kerosene. ;Mexican window shade:A

Venetian blind A window blind is a type of window covering. There are many different kinds of window blinds which use a variety of control systems. A typical window blind is made up of several long horizontal or vertical slats of various types of hard mater ...

mounted in the rear window of a car. ;Milwaukee goiter:A

beer belly Abdominal obesity, also known as central obesity and truncal obesity, is a condition when excessive visceral fat around the stomach and abdomen has built up to the extent that it is likely to have a negative impact on health. Abdominal obesity has ...

. ;Mississippi marbles:Dice. ;Montezuma's revenge:= Aztec hop. ;Mountain dew:

Moonshine Moonshine is high-proof liquor that is usually produced illegally. The name was derived from a tradition of creating the alcohol during the nighttime, thereby avoiding detection. In the first decades of the 21st century, commercial dist ...

. ;Mountain oysters:= Rocky Mountain oysters. ;Nigger bait:(Excess) chrome on an automobile. ;Nigger fishing:Fishing for low-value fish with a pole and bobber. ;Nigger heaven:The cheapest balcony seats in a theater. ;Nigger rich:Either rich and ostentatious or rich one day, poor the next. ;Oklahoma credit card:= Mexican credit card. ;Oklahoma guarantee:No guarantee. ;Oklahoma showup:A falsified police line-up. ;Oregon beef:Deer killed out of season. ;Pennsylvania salve:

Apple butter Apple butter is a highly concentrated form of apple sauce produced by long, slow cooking of apples with cider or water to a point where the sugar in the apples caramelizes, turning the apple butter a deep brown. The concentration of sugar gives a ...

. ;

Philadelphia lawyer Philadelphia Lawyer is a term to describe a lawyer who knows the most detailed and minute points of law or is an exceptionally competent lawyer. Its first known usage dates back to 1788. Philadelphia-based Colonial American lawyer Andrew Hamil ...

:A crooked lawyer. ;Polish air conditioning:Driving with the windows down. ;Prairie coal:

Cow dung Cow dung, also known as cow pats, cow pies or cow manure, is the waste product (faeces) of bovine animal species. These species include domestic cattle ("cows"), bison ("buffalo"), yak, and water buffalo. Cow dung is the undigested residue ...

used as fuel. ;Prairie oysters:= Rocky Mountain oysters ;Puerto Rico Pendleton:An old work shirt. ;

Rocky Mountain oysters Rocky Mountain oysters or mountain oysters, or meat balls, also known as prairie oysters in Canada (french: animelles), is a dish made of bull testicles as food, testicles. The organs are often deep-fried after being skinned, coated in flour, p ...

;Rocky Mountain canary:A

burro The domestic donkey is a hoofed mammal in the family Equidae, the same family as the horse. It derives from the African wild ass, ''Equus africanus'', and may be classified either as a subspecies thereof, ''Equus africanus asinus'', or as a ...

. ; Russian roulette ;Scotch mist:Dense mist-like rain. ;

Scotch woodcock Scotch woodcock is a British savoury dish consisting of creamy, lightly-scrambled eggs served on toast that has been spread with anchovy paste or Gentleman's Relish, and sometimes topped with chopped herbs and black pepper. Scotch woodcock was ...

;Scotsman's Zoo:A viewpoint from which a zoo can be seen without paying. ;

Spanish flu The 1918–1920 influenza pandemic, commonly known by the misnomer Spanish flu or as the Great Influenza epidemic, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus. The earliest documented case was ...

:The 1918 pandemic flu. It was associated to Spain since, in other countries, the World War I censorship blocked local reports to preserve morale. {{cite news , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127100727/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/world/spanish%20flu%20facts/111285 , archive-date=27 January 2010 , url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/world/spanish%20flu%20facts/111285 , website=Channel 4 News , title=Spanish flu facts ;Spanish supper:Tightening of the belt a notch instead of eating. ;Swedish headache:Pain from sexual arousal without sexual release (cf.

Blue balls Blue balls is slang for an uncomfortable testicular sensation that can occur during a state of male sexual arousal. The term is thought to have originated in the United States, first appearing in 1916. Another slang term used for the condition ...

). ;Texas butter:Gravy made from bacon grease, flour, and water. ;Texas oysters:

;Texas squirrels:

Prairie dogs Prairie dogs (genus ''Cynomys'') are herbivorous burrowing ground squirrels native to the grasslands of North America. Within the genus are five species: black-tailed, white-tailed, Gunnison's, Utah, and Mexican prairie dogs. In Mexico, p ...

used as food. ;Tijuana Bible:Pornographic comic books. ;Vatican roulette:

Calendar-based contraceptive methods Calendar-based methods are various methods of estimating a woman's likelihood of fertility, based on a record of the length of previous menstrual cycles. Various methods are known as the Knaus–Ogino method and the rhythm method. The standard day ...

. ; Welsh rabbit ;West Indian Time: Late.

Notes

* Lists of phrases