''Sclerophrys tuberosa'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in southeastern Nigeria, Cameroon, southwestern Central African Republic,

Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea ( es, Guinea Ecuatorial; french: Guinée équatoriale; pt, Guiné Equatorial), officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea ( es, link=no, República de Guinea Ecuatorial, french: link=no, République de Guinée équatoria ...

(including Bioko), Gabon, and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo and

Republic of the Congo The Republic of the Congo (french: République du Congo, ln, Republíki ya Kongó), also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country located in the western coast of Central Africa to the w ...

. Common names rough toad, warty toad, and Fernando Po toad have been proposed for it.

Description

Males grow to and females to in

snout–vent length Snout–vent length (SVL) is a morphometric measurement taken in herpetology from the tip of the snout to the most posterior opening of the cloacal slit (vent)."direct line distance from tip of snout to posterior margin of vent" It is the most c ...

. The body is compact and the snout is short. The eyes are relatively large. The parotoid glands are very large. Dorsal skin is densely covered by long, spiny warts, while ventrally skin is granular. The toes have rudimentary webbing. Dorsal coloration is light to dark brown with irregular black spots; a light vertebral line is sometimes present. The limbs have black crossbars. The venter is yellow with darker spots or mottling. The male advertisement call is a quiet, low-pitched "rrrou" or "rroua".

Habitat and conservation

''Sclerophrys tuberosa'' inhabits moist lowland tropical rainforest in swampy areas, avoiding well-drained forest. It is a lowland species but can occur at elevations up to or

above sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as ''orthometric heights''. The comb ...

. Breeding takes place in small streams; the males call from cavities near water. ''Sclerophrys tuberosa'' is very common in parts of its range (e.g., Cameroon) but rarer in other areas. It tolerates some habitat modification and can be found in secondary forest, but cannot survive outside forest and is thereby negatively impacted by

forest loss Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. The most concentrated d ...

. However, it occurs in several protected areas.

References

{{Taxonbar, from1=Q28933070, from2=Q2212823 tuberosa Frogs of Africa Amphibians of West Africa Amphibians of Cameroon Amphibians of the Central African Republic Amphibians of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Amphibians of Equatorial Guinea Amphibians of Gabon Fauna of Nigeria Amphibians of the Republic of the Congo Taxa named by Albert Günther Amphibians described in 1858 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot