Scirpophaga Incertulas Sketch

''Scirpophaga'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Georg Friedrich Treitschke in 1832. Asian species include significant rice stemborer pests.

Taxonomy

The genus ''Scirpophaga'' was first introduced by Treitschke in 1832 as a monotypic genus; including as single species ''Scirpophaga phantasmatella'' (which he misspelled as ''S. phantasmella'', and which is now known as ''S. praelata'').

During most of history this genus has been completely confused, with most specimens being wrongly identified and most taxa being based on a type series containing numerous species. Males and females of the same species were often recognised as two independent species. Almost two centuries after the first species was described, in 1960 the Australian entomologist Ian Francis Bell Common was the first to examine the genitalia (for centuries the standard method by which one determines species in Lepidoptera) of the Australian specimens in this group, recombining and splitting the then defined genera into a number of new genera. He created the new genus ''Tryporyza'', in which he incorporated two species: ''Chilo incertulas'' and ''Tipanaea innotata'' (of which DNA research in 2019 has shown should be synonymised with ''Scirpophaga nivella''). In 1980 P. Wang also classified ''Scirpophaga nivella'' within the genus ''Tryporyza'', only to have Angoon Lewvanich, after an exhaustive study of the genitals of over 6000 specimens from throughout the range of the group, to retire the genus ''Tryporyza'' as a synonym of ''Scirpophaga'' in the following year (1981).

Treitschke gives as etymology for the generic epithet the word '' Scirpus'', a type of plant commonly known as a "rush", and the Ancient Greek word φαγεῖν (transliterated ''phageîn''), which means "to eat".

Description

Palpi porrect (extending forward) extending from once to twice the length of head, slightly hairy, and with downcurved third joint. Maxillary palp rather short and dilated with scales. A slight rounded frontal projection can be seen. Antennae of male minutely serrated, and ciliated. Patagia of male with spreading upturned hair. Tibia with outer spurs about half the length of inner. Abdomen long, where in female expanding at extremity and with very large anal tuft. Wings long and narrow. Forewings with vein 3 from before angle of cell. Veins 4 and 5 from angle and vein 7 straight and well separated from veins 8 and 9. Veins 10 and 11 free, or vein 11 becoming coincident with vein 12. Hindwings with vein 3 from near angle of cell. Veins 6 and 7 from upper angle.

Species

*''praelata'' species group
**''Scirpophaga gilviberbis'' Zeller, 1863
**''Scirpophaga humilis'' Wang, Li & Chen, 1986
**''Scirpophaga imparellus'' (Meyrick, 1878)
**''Scirpophaga melanoclista'' Meyrick, 1935
**''Scirpophaga nivella'' (Fabricius, 1794)
**''Scirpophaga parvalis'' (Wileman, 1911)
**'' Scirpophaga percna'' Common, 1960
**''Scirpophaga praelata'' (Scopoli, 1763)
**''Scirpophaga phaedima'' Common, 1960
**''Scirpophaga xantharrenes'' Common, 1960
**'' Scirpophaga xanthopygata'' Schawerda, 1922
*''excerptalis'' species group
**'' Scirpophaga adunctella'' Chen, Song & Wu, 2006
**'' Scirpophaga bradleyi'' Lewvanich, 1981
**''Scirpophaga brunnealis'' (Hampson, 1919)
**''Scirpophaga excerptalis'' (Walker, 1863)
**'' Scirpophaga flavidorsalis'' (Hampson, 1919)
**'' Scirpophaga khasis'' Lewvanich, 1981
**'' Scirpophaga linguatella'' Chen, Song & Wu, 2006
**''Scirpophaga magnella'' de Joannis, 1930
**'' Scirpophaga ochritinctalis'' (Hampson, 1919)
**''Scirpophaga xanthogastrella'' (Walker, 1863)
**''Scirpophaga tongyaii'' Lewvanich, 1981
*''occidentella'' species group
**'' Scirpophaga fusciflua'' Hampson, 1893
**''Scirpophaga goliath'' Marion & Viette, 1953
**''Scirpophaga marginepunctellus'' (de Joannis, 1927)
**''Scirpophaga occidentella'' (Walker, 1863)
**'' Scirpophaga ochroleuca'' Meyrick, 1882
**'' Scirpophaga serenus'' (Meyrick, 1935)
**'' Scirpophaga subumbrosa'' Meyrick, 1933
**''Scirpophaga virginia'' Schultze, 1908
*''lineata'' species group
**'' Scirpophaga lineata'' (Butler, 1879)
**'' Scirpophaga auristrigellus'' (Hampson, 1896)
**''Scirpophaga aurivena'' (Hampson, 1903)
*''incertulas'' species group
**''Scirpophaga incertulas'' (Walker, 1863)
**''Scirpophaga innotata'' (Walker, 1863)
*''gotoi'' species group
**''Scirpophaga gotoi'' Lewvanich, 1981
*''whalleyi'' species group
**'' Scirpophaga whalleyi'' Lewvanich, 1981
*unknown species group
**'' Scirpophaga bipunctatus'' (Rothschild in Sjöstedt, 1926)
**'' Scirpophaga fulvilinealis'' Hampson, 1900
**''Scirpophaga kumatai'' Lewvanich, 1981
**'' Scirpophaga micraurea'' Sasaki, 1994
**'' Scirpophaga nepalensis'' Lewvanich, 1981
**'' Scirpophaga terrella'' Hampson, 1896

References

* Chen, F.Q., Song, S. & Weng, C.S. (2006). "A review of the genus ''Scirpophaga'' Treitschke, 1832 in China (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)" ''Zootaxa'' 1236: 1-22.
* Fabricius (1794). ''Entomologia Systematica emendata et Aucta'' 3(2): 296.
*
* Schawerda (1922). ''Z. öst. Ent. ver.'' 7: 11.
* Scopoli (1763). ''Ent. carniolica, exhibens Ins. Carnioliae indigena'': 198.
* Treitschke (1832). ''Die Schmetterlinge von Europa'' 9(1): 55.
* Wang P, Li, C. & Chen, X. (1986) ''Acta Entomologica Sinica'' 29 (2): 208–210.
* Wileman (1911). ''Transactions of the Entomological Society of London'': 355.

{{Taxonbar, from=Q7434043

Schoenobiinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Georg Friedrich Treitschke