''Scarus'' is a genus of
parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised
extant
Extant is the opposite of the word extinct. It may refer to:
* Extant hereditary titles
* Extant literature, surviving literature, such as ''Beowulf'', the oldest extant manuscript written in English
* Extant taxon, a taxon which is not extinct, ...
species,
[Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds]
''Scarus''.
FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest genus in this family. The vast majority are found at
reefs in the
Indo-Pacific
The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth.
In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the ...
, but a small number of species are found in the warmer parts of the eastern Pacific and the western
Atlantic, with a single species, ''Scarus hoefleri'' in the eastern Atlantic. Most are very colourful, and have strikingly different initial (males and females) and terminal (males only) phases. Adults of most species reach maximum lengths of between , but the
rainbow parrotfish
The rainbow parrotfish (''Scarus guacamaia'') is a species of fish in the family Scaridae.
Description
''S. guacamaia'' is among the largest members of its family, and the largest in the Atlantic, reaching in length, 20 kg in weight and a ...
(''Scarus guacamaia'') can grow to lengths of .
[
]
Species
There are currently 52 recognised species in this genus:[
*'']Scarus altipinnis
''Scarus altipinnis'', the filament-finned parrotfish, high-fin parrotfish or mini-fin parrotfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a parrotfish from the family Scaridae. It occurs in the tropical and subtropical Western Pacific Ocean.
D ...
'' (Steindachner
Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner describ ...
, 1879) (filament-finned parrotfish)
*''Scarus arabicus
''Scarus'' is a genus of parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised extant species,Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scarus''.FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest genus in this family. The vast majority are found at reefs in the Indo-Pacific, bu ...
'' (Steindachner, 1902) (Arabian parrotfish)
*''Scarus caudofasciatus
''Scarus'' is a genus of parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised extant species,Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scarus''.FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest genus in this family. The vast majority are found at reefs in the Indo-Pacific, bu ...
'' ( Günther, 1862) (red-barred parrotfish)
*''Scarus chameleon
''Scarus'' is a genus of parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised extant species,Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scarus''.FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest genus in this family. The vast majority are found at reefs in the Indo-Pacific, bu ...
'' Choat & Randall Randall may refer to the following:
Places
United States
*Randall, California, former name of White Hall, California, an unincorporated community
* Randall, Indiana, a former town
*Randall, Iowa, a city
*Randall, Kansas, a city
*Randall, Minnesot ...
, 1986 (chameleon parrotfish)
*''Scarus chinensis
''Scarus'' is a genus of parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised extant species,Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scarus''.FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest genus in this family. The vast majority are found at reefs in the Indo-Pacific, bu ...
'' (Steindachner, 1867)
*'' Scarus coelestinus'' Valenciennes, 1840 (midnight parrotfish)
*'' Scarus coeruleus'' (Edwards, 1771) (blue parrotfish)
*''Scarus collana
''Scarus'' is a genus of parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised extant species,Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scarus''.FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest genus in this family. The vast majority are found at reefs in the Indo-Pacific, bu ...
'' Rüppell, 1835 (Red Sea parrotfish)
*''Scarus compressus
''Scarus'' is a genus of parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised extant species,Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scarus''.FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest genus in this family. The vast majority are found at reefs in the Indo-Pacific, bu ...
'' ( Osburn & Nichols 1916) (azure parrotfish)
*''Scarus dimidiatus
''Scarus dimidiatus'', also known as the yellowbarred parrotfish, is a marine ray-finned fish, a parrotfish from the family Scaridae. It is found in the western Pacific Ocean from Indonesia east to Samoa as far north as the Ryukyu Islands and a ...
'' Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Scarus dubius
''Scarus dubius'', also known as regal parrotfish, is a parrotfish endemic to the Hawaiian Islands
The Hawaiian Islands ( haw, Nā Mokupuni o Hawai‘i) are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets ...
'' (Bennett Bennett may refer to:
People
*Bennett (name), including a list of people with the surname and given name
Places Canada
* Bennett, Alberta
*Bennett, British Columbia
* Bennett Lake, in the British Columbia and Yukon Territory
**Bennett Range
**Benn ...
, 1828) (regal parrotfish)
*''Scarus falcipinnis
''Scarus falcipinnis'' is a species of fish of the Scaridae family in the order Perciformes.
Geographical distribution
It is located in coastal waters of Oman, Mozambique, Seychelles, Mauritius, Reunion
Reunion may refer to:
* Clas ...
'' ( Playfair, 1868) (sicklefin parrotfish)
*''Scarus ferrugineus
The rusty parrotfish (''Scarus ferrugineus'') is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a parrotfish belonging to the family Scaridae. It is associated with reefs in the north western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea.
Distribution and habitat
This r ...
'' Forsskål, 1775 (rusty parrotfish)
*'' Scarus festivus'' Valenciennes, 1840 (festive parrotfish)
*'' Scarus flavipectoralis'' Schultz Schultz is a Germans, German surname derived from ''Schultheiß'', meaning village headman or constable/sheriff in the medieval sense (akin to today's office of mayor). It has many variations, such as Schuldt, Schulte, Schulten, Schultes, Schultheis ...
, 1958 (yellowfin parrotfish)
*''Scarus forsteni
''Scarus forsteni'', commonly known as the whitespot parrotfish, or Forsten's parrotfish, is a marine fish native to tropical areas in the western Pacific Ocean, where it lives in coral reefs and feeds on benthic algae
Algae (; singular al ...
'' (Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Scarus frenatus
''Scarus frenatus'' is a species of parrotfish. Common names include bridled parrotfish, sixband or six-banded parrotfish or vermiculate parrotfish.
Description
This species grows to a maximum length of 47 cm, and can be distinguished by it ...
'' Lacépède Lacepede can refer to:
* Bernard Germain de Lacépède (1756–1825), French naturalist and politician.
* Lacepede Bay, a bay in South Australia.
* Lacépède, Lot-et-Garonne, a ''commune'' in France
* Lacepede Islands, a group of four islands in t ...
, 1802 (bridled parrotfish)
*'' Scarus fuscocaudalis'' Randall & Myers, 2000 (darktail parrotfish)
*'' Scarus fuscopurpureus'' ( Klunzinger, 1871) (purple-brown parrotfish)
*'' Scarus ghobban'' Forsskål, 1775 (blue-barred parrotfish)
*''Scarus globiceps
''Scarus globiceps'', commonly known as the globehead, violet-lined, speckled or roundhead parrotfish, is a marine fish native to the Indian and Pacific Oceans, where it lives in coral reefs.
French naturalist Achille Valenciennes described the g ...
'' Valenciennes, 1840 (globehead parrotfish)
*''Scarus gracilis
''Scarus'' is a genus of parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised extant species,Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scarus''.FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest genus in this family. The vast majority are found at reefs in the Indo-Pacific, ...
'' (Steindachner 1869)
*'' Scarus guacamaia'' Cuvier
Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (; 23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuvier was a major figure in nat ...
, 1829 (rainbow parrotfish)
*''Scarus hoefleri
''Scarus'' is a genus of parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised extant species,Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scarus''.FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest genus in this family. The vast majority are found at reefs in the Indo-Pacific, ...
'' (Steindachner, 1881) (Guinean parrotfish)
*''Scarus hypselopterus
''Scarus'' is a genus of parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised extant species,Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scarus''.FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest genus in this family. The vast majority are found at reefs in the Indo-Pacific, ...
'' Bleeker, 1853 (yellowtail parrotfish)
*''Scarus iseri
Scarus iseri is a species of fish of the family Scaridae. Its common names include striped parrotfish. The species was described by Bloch Bloch is a surname of German origin. Notable people with this surname include:
A–F
* (1859-1914), Fren ...
'' (Bloch Bloch is a surname of German origin. Notable people with this surname include:
A–F
* (1859-1914), French rabbi
*Adele Bloch-Bauer (1881-1925), Austrian entrepreneur
*Albert Bloch (1882–1961), American painter
* (born 1972), German motor journal ...
, 1789) (striped parrotfish)
*''Scarus koputea
''Scarus'' is a genus of parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised extant species,Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scarus''.FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest genus in this family. The vast majority are found at reefs in the Indo-Pacific, ...
'' Randall & Choat, 1980 (Marquesan parrotfish)
*''Scarus longipinnis
''Scarus'' is a genus of parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised extant species,Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scarus''.FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest genus in this family. The vast majority are found at reefs in the Indo-Pacific, ...
'' Randall & Choat, 1980 (highfin parrotfish)
*''Scarus maculipinna
''Scarus'' is a genus of parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised extant species,Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scarus''.FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest genus in this family. The vast majority are found at reefs in the Indo-Pacific, ...
'' Westneat, Satapoomin & Randall, 2007 (Spot-fin parrotfish)
*'' Scarus niger'' Forsskål, 1775 (dusky parrotfish)
*''Scarus obishime
''Scarus'' is a genus of parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised extant species,Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scarus''.FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest genus in this family. The vast majority are found at reefs in the Indo-Pacific, ...
'' Randall & Earle Earle may refer to:
* Earle (given name)
* Earle (surname)
Places
* Earle, Arkansas, a city in Crittenden County, Arkansas, US
* Earle, Indiana, an unincorporated town in Vanderburgh County, Indiana, US
* Earle, Northumberland, a settlement i ...
, 1993 (yellowtail parrotfish)
*'' Scarus oviceps'' Valenciennes, 1840 (dark-capped parrotfish)
*'' Scarus ovifrons'' Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 knobsnout parrotfish
*'' Scarus perrico'' Jordan & Gilbert Gilbert may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Gilbert (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters
*Gilbert (surname), including a list of people
Places Australia
* Gilbert River (Queensland)
* Gilbert River (South ...
, 1882 (bumphead parrotfish)
*'' Scarus persicus'' Randall & Bruce, 1983 (gulf parrotfish)
*'' Scarus prasiognathos'' Valenciennes, 1840 (Singapore parrotfish)
*''Scarus psittacus
''Scarus psittacus'', the common parrotfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a parrotfish, in the family Scaridae. Other common names for this species include the palenose parrotfish, Batavian parrotfish and the rosy-cheek parrotfish. It ...
'' Forsskål 1775 (common parrotfish)
*''Scarus quoyi
''Scarus quoyi'', commonly known as Quoy's or greenblotch parrotfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a parrotfish, in the Family (biology), family Scaridae. It is native to the western Pacific Ocean, where it lives in coral reefs. The spe ...
'' Valenciennes, 1840 (Quoy's parrotfish)
*'' Scarus rivulatus'' Valenciennes, 1840 (rivulated parrotfish)
*''Scarus rubroviolaceus
The ember parrotfish (''Scarus rubroviolaceus'') is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a parrotfish, in the family Scaridae. It is native to the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is also known as the bicolor parrotfish and the redlip parrotfish ...
'' Bleeker, 1847 (ember parrotfish)
*''Scarus russelii
The eclipse parrotfish (''Scarus russelii''), also known as Russell's parrotfish, is a species of parrotfish native to Indian Ocean countries such as Madagascar, Seychelles, and Mauritius to south India, Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (, ; s ...
'' Valenciennes, 1840 (eclipse parrotfish)
*''Scarus scaber
''Scarus scaber'', the five-saddle parrotfish or dusky-capped parrotfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a parrotfish, in the family Scaridae. It is native to Indian Ocean.
Description
This species grows to a maximum 37 cm in leng ...
'' Valenciennes, 1840 (fivesaddle parrotfish)
*''Scarus schlegeli
''Scarus'' is a genus of parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised Extant taxon, extant species,Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scarus''.FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest genus in this family. The vast majority are found at coral reef, ree ...
'' Bleeker, 1867 (yellowband parrotfish)
*''Scarus spinus
''Scarus spinus'', the Greensnout parrotfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a parrotfish from the Family (biology), family Scaridae.https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/4974 Fishbase
Description
''Scarus spinus'' can reach a total lengt ...
'' ( Kner) (greensnout parrotfish)
*'' Scarus taeniopterus'' Lesson, 1829 (princess parrotfish)
*''Scarus tricolor
''Scarus tricolor'', also known as the tri-colour parrotfish or three-coloured parrotfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a parrotfish, in the family Scaridae. It has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.
Description
''Scarus tricolor'' ...
'' Bleeker, 1847 (tricolour parrotfish)
*'' Scarus trispinosus'' Valenciennes, 1840 (greenback parrotfish)
*'' Scarus vetula'' Bloch & Schneider
Schneider may refer to:
Hospital
* Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel
People
* Schneider (surname)
Companies and organizations
* G. Schneider & Sohn, a Bavarian brewery company
* Schneider Rundfunkwerke AG, the former owner of th ...
, 1801 (queen parrotfish)
*''Scarus viridifucatus
''Scarus'' is a genus of parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised extant species,Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scarus''.FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest genus in this family. The vast majority are found at reefs in the Indo-Pacific, ...
'' J.L.B. Smith
James Leonard Brierley Smith (26 September 1897 – 8 January 1968) was a South African ichthyologist, organic chemist, and university professor. He was the first to identify a taxidermied fish as a coelacanth, at the time thought to be long e ...
, 1956 (roundhead parrotfish)
*''Scarus xanthopleura
''Scarus'' is a genus of parrotfishes. With 52 currently recognised Extant taxon, extant species,Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds''Scarus''.FishBase. 2013. it is by far the largest genus in this family. The vast majority are found at coral reef, ree ...
'' Bleeker, 1853 (red parrotfish)
*'' Scarus zelindae'' Moura, Figueiredo & Sazima, 2001 (Zelinda's parrotfish)
*''Scarus zufar
''Scarus zufar'', also known as Dhofar parrotfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a parrotfish, in the Family (biology), family Scaridae. It is found along the central to southern coastal waters of Oman. S''. zufar'' was first identifie ...
'' Randall & Hoover, 1995 (Dhofar parrotfish)
In political thought
In Cesare Ripa's Renaissance iconography, the ''scarus'' fish symbolised civil "Union," i.e. the joining together of individuals into a collective body. Plutarch had written that ''scarus'' fish "swim together in shoals and ingeniously and heroically free each other when caught in a net." The ''scarus'' thus "denoted reciprocal assistance in the fight for survival."[Hont, I. ''Jealousy of Trade: International Competition and the Nation-State in Historical Perspective''. Harvard UP: 2005, pp. 21-22.]
Gallery
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q258514
Scaridae
Extant Rupelian first appearances
Marine fish genera
Taxa named by Peter Forsskål
Rupelian genus first appearances
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot