Scaphella Biminiensis
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''Scaphella'' is a
genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of large
sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...
s,
marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...
gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000  extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s in the family
Volutidae ''Volutidae'', common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. They are marine gastropod mollusks. Most of the species have no operculum. Distribution This family of sea snails ...
, the volutes.Bail, P. (2012). Scaphella. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382285 on 2012-07-09


Distribution

This is a tropical genus occurring in the Western
Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...
and the
Caribbean Sea The Caribbean Sea ( es, Mar Caribe; french: Mer des Caraïbes; ht, Lanmè Karayib; jam, Kiaribiyan Sii; nl, Caraïbische Zee; pap, Laman Karibe) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexico ...
.


Description

There are both living and fossil species in this genus, which first appeared in the
Paleocene The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), E ...
. The fusiform, patterned shell is small to large. The
protoconch A protoconch (meaning first or earliest or original shell) is an embryonic or larval shell which occurs in some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod. In older texts it is also called ...
is smooth and papilliform, often with a calcarella. The columellar plates are weak or absent. The
periostracum The periostracum ( ) is a thin, organic coating (or "skin") that is the outermost layer of the shell of many shelled animals, including molluscs and brachiopods. Among molluscs, it is primarily seen in snails and clams, i.e. in gastropods and ...
is present, but an operculum is not. The
radula The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food ...
is small, and variable from Y-shaped to tricuspid.


Species

Species within the genus ''Scaphella'' include:"searching for ''Scaphella''"
Malacolog Version 4.1.1. A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca. Accessed 18 February 2010.
* '' Scaphella atlantis'' Clench, 1946 * † ''
Scaphella baudoni ''Scaphella'' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Volutidae, the volutes.Bail, P. (2012). Scaphella. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id= ...
'' (Deshayes, 1865) * ''
Scaphella biminiensis ''Scaphella'' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Volutidae, the volutes.Bail, P. (2012). Scaphella. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id= ...
'' Oleinik, Petuch & Aley IV, 2012 * '' Scaphella contoyensis'' Emerson & Old, 1979 * ''
Scaphella dohrni ''Scaphella dohrni'', commonly known as the Dohrn's volute is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae, the volutes. Description Distribution This species occurs in the Gulf of Mexico and off Florida ...
'' (G.B. Sowerby III, 1903) * ''
Scaphella dubia ''Scaphella junonia'', common name the dubious volute, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae ''Volutidae'', common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size fro ...
'' (Broderip, 1827) - Dubious Volute * ''
Scaphella evelina ''Scaphella evelina'', commonly known as the Evelyn's volute is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae ''Volutidae'', common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in s ...
'' F. M. Bayer, 1971 * '' Scaphella garciai'' Bail, 2007 * ''
Scaphella gaudiati ''Scaphella gaudiati'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae ''Volutidae'', common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. They are ...
'' Bail & Shelton, 2001 * ''
Scaphella gouldiana ''Scaphella gouldiana'', commonly known as the banded volute is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae ''Volutidae'', common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in s ...
'' (Dall, 1887) * ''
Scaphella junonia ''Scaphella junonia'', common names the junonia, or Juno's volute, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae, the volutes. This species lives in water from 29 m to 126 m depth in the tropical Western ...
'' (Lamarck, 1804) - type species * † ''
Scaphella kendrae ''Scaphella'' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Volutidae, the volutes.Bail, P. (2012). Scaphella. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id= ...
'' Petuch & Berschauer, 2021 * '' Scaphella luizcoutoi'' Coltro, 1998 * '' Scaphella macginnorum'' García & Emerson, 1987 * † ''
Scaphella macrocephala ''Scaphella'' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Volutidae, the volutes.Bail, P. (2012). Scaphella. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id= ...
'' Finlay, 1927 * † ''
Scaphella martinshugari ''Scaphella'' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Volutidae, the volutes.Bail, P. (2012). Scaphella. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id= ...
'' Petuch, 1994 * ''
Scaphella matchetti ''Scaphella'' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Volutidae, the volutes.Bail, P. (2012). Scaphella. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id= ...
'' Petuch & Sargent, 2011 * '' Scaphella neptunia'' (Clench & Aguayo, 1940) * '' Scaphella robusta'' Dall, 1889 * '' Scaphella stimpsonorum'' T. Cossignani & Allary, 2019 ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Scaphella benthalis'' Dall, 1896: synonym of '' Arctomelon benthale'' (Dall, 1896) * ''Scaphella butleri'' Clench, 1953: synonym of ''Scaphella junonia butleri'' Clench, 1953 * ''Scaphella carlae'' Landau & C. M. Silva, 2006 †: synonym of '' Euroscaphella carlae'' (Landau & C. M. Silva, 2006) † * ''Scaphella caroli'' Iredale, 1924: synonym of '' Amoria maculata'' (Swainson, 1822) * ''Scaphella cognata'' Finlay, 1926 †: synonym of '' Teremelon cognata'' (Finlay, 1926) † * ''Scaphella dannevigi'' Verco, 1912: synonym of '' Livonia nodiplicata'' (Cox, 1910) * ''Scaphella elegantissima'' Suter, 1917 †: synonym of '' Teremelon elegantissima'' (Suter, 1917) † (original combination) * ''Scaphella florida'' (Clench & Aguayo, 1940): synonym of ''Scaphella dohrni'' (G. B. Sowerby III, 1903) * ''Scaphella hedleyi'' Iredale, 1914: synonym of ''Amoria (Amoria) damoni'' Gray, 1864 represented as ''
Amoria damoni Amoria may refer to: Biology * ''Amoria'' (gastropod), a taxonomic genus of medium-sized predatory marine gastropod * A synonym of the genus ''Trifolium'' (clovers) Other * Amoria Neal-Tysor, basketball player on the 2021–22 Mercer Bears wome ...
'' Gray, 1864 * ''Scaphella honi'' Glibert, 1938 †: synonym of '' Euroscaphella honi'' (Glibert, 1938) † * ''Scaphella johnstoneae'' Clench, 1953: synonym of ''Scaphella junonia'' (Lamarck, 1804) * ''Scaphella lamberti'' (J. Sowerby, 1816) †: synonym of '' Euroscaphella lamberti'' (J. Sowerby, 1816) † * ''Scaphella lautenschlageri'' Volobueva, 1981 †: synonym of '' Arctomelon lautenschlageri'' (Volobueva, 1981) † (original combination) * ''Scaphella marionae'' (Pilsbry & Olsson, 1953): synonym of ''Scaphella robusta marionae'' (Pilsbry & Olsson, 1953) * ''Scaphella moslemica'' Hedley, 1912: synonym of ''
Amoria undulata ''Amoria undulata'', common name wavy volute, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Volutidae, the volutes. Synonyms * ''Amoria (Amoria) undulata'' (Lamarck, 1804) * ''Amoria kingi'' Cox, 1871 * ' ...
'' (Lamarck, 1804) * ''Scaphella papillaris'' Swainson, 1840: synonym of ''
Ericusa papillosa ''Ericusa papillosa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae ''Volutidae'', common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. They are mar ...
'' (Swainson, 1822) * ''Scaphella pretiosa'' Finlay, 1926 †: synonym of '' Teremelon pretiosa'' (Finlay, 1926) † * ''Scaphella tumidior'' Finlay, 1926 †: synonym of '' Teremelon tumidior'' (Finlay, 1926) † * ''Scaphella veliocassina'' Pacaud & Meyer, 2014 †: synonym of '' Euroscaphella veliocassina'' (Pacaud & Meyer, 2014) † * ''Scaphella victoriensis'' Cossmann, 1899 †: synonym of '' Notopeplum politum'' (Tate, 1889) † (unnecessary replacement name for ''Voluta polita'' Tate, 1889, erroneously stated by Cossmann to be a junior homonym of "Voluta polita" Conrad) * ''Scaphella vignyensis'' Chavan, 1949 †: synonym of '' Euroscaphella vignyensis'' (Chavan, 1949) † * ''Scaphella volvestrensis'' Villatte, 1962 †: synonym of '' Euroscaphella volvestrensis'' (Villatte, 1962) † * ''Scaphella worki'' Coltro J., 1998: synonym of '' Scaphella robusta marionae'' (Pilsbry & Olsson, 1953)


References

* Bail, P & Poppe, G. T. 2001. ''A conchological iconography: a taxonomic introduction of the recent Volutidae''. Hackenheim-Conchbook, 30 pp, 5 pl. * Petuch E.J. & Sargent D.M. (2011) Rare and unusual shells of the Florida Keys and adjacent areas. Wellington, Florida: MdM Publishing. 158 pp.


External links


Swainson W. (1829-1833). Zoological Illustrations, or original figures and descriptions of new, rare, or interesting animals, selected chiefly from the classes of ornithology, entomology, and conchology, and arranged according to their apparent affinities. Second series. London: Baldwin & Cradock. (Vol. 1-3): pl. 1-30

Dall, W. H. (1906). Note on some names in the Volutidae. The Nautilus. 19(12): 143-144

Pilsbry, H. A. & Olsson, A. A. (1953). Materials for a revision of East Coast and Floridan Volutes. The Nautilus. 67 (1): 1-13.

Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853-1858). The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. London, van Voorst. Vol. 1: xl + 484 pp.; vol. 2: 661 pp.; vol. 3: 138 pls

Dall, W. H. (1906). Note on some names in the Volutidae. The Nautilus. 19(12): 143-144
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3142682 Volutidae Extant Paleocene first appearances