Sayyid Muhammad Abid (also known as Hāji Abid Hussain) (1834–1912) was an

Indian Indian or Indians may refer to: Peoples South Asia * Indian people, people of Indian nationality, or people who have an Indian ancestor ** Non-resident Indian, a citizen of India who has temporarily emigrated to another country * South Asia ...

Muslim scholar who co-founded

Darul Uloom Deoband The Darul Uloom Deoband is an Islamic seminary (darul uloom) in India at which the Sunni Deobandi Islamic movement began. It is located in Deoband, a town in Saharanpur district, Uttar Pradesh. The seminary was established by Muhammad Qasim ...

. He was the Vice Chancellor of Darul Uloom Deoband for three times.

Name and lineage

His ism (

given name A given name (also known as a forename or first name) is the part of a personal name quoted in that identifies a person, potentially with a middle name as well, and differentiates that person from the other members of a group (typically a fa ...

) was Muhammad Abid. His ''

nasab Arabic language names have historically been based on a long naming system. Many people from the Arabic-speaking and also Muslim countries have not had given/ middle/family names but rather a chain of names. This system remains in use throughout ...

'' (

patronymic A patronymic, or patronym, is a component of a personal name based on the given name of one's father, grandfather (avonymic), or an earlier male ancestor. Patronymics are still in use, including mandatory use, in many countries worldwide, alt ...

) is: Muhammad Abid ibn Ashiq Ali ibn Qalandar Bakhsh ibn Jan Alam ibn Muhammad Alam ibn Muhammad Jameel ibn Muhammad Ismail ibn Muhammad Ibrahim ibn Sadullah ibn Mahmud Qalandar ibn Sayyid Ahmad ibn Sayyid Farīd ibn Wajīhuddīn ibn Alāuddīn ibn Sayyid Ahmad Kabīr ibn Shihābuddīn ibn Hussain Ali ibn Abd al-Bāsit ibn Abul Abbās ibn Ishaq Andalīb al-Makki ibn Hussain Ali ibn Lutfullah ibn Tājuddīn ibn Hussain ibn Alāuddīn ibn Abi Tālib ibn Nāsir al-Dīn ibn Nizām al-Dīn Hussain ibn Musa ibn Muhammad al-Araj ibn Abi Abdullah Ahmad ibn

Musa al-Mubarraqa Abū Jaʿfar Mūsā ibn Muḥammad al-Mubarraqaʿ (Arabic: أبو جعفر موسى بن محمد المبرقع) was the son of ninth Twelver Shia Imam Muhammad al-Jawad and the younger brother of tenth Imam Ali al-Hadi. He is known to be the an ...

ibn Muhammad Taqi ibn Musa Ali Raza ibn

Musa al-Kadhim Musa ibn Ja'far al-Kazim ( ar, مُوسَىٰ ٱبْن جَعْفَر ٱلْكَاظِم, Mūsā ibn Jaʿfar al-Kāẓim), also known as Abū al-Ḥasan, Abū ʿAbd Allāh or Abū Ibrāhīm, was the seventh Imam in Twelver Shia Islam, after hi ...

ibn

Ja'far al-Sadiq Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Ṣādiq ( ar, جعفر بن محمد الصادق; 702 – 765 CE), commonly known as Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq (), was an 8th-century Shia Muslim scholar, jurist, and theologian.. He was the founder of th ...

ibn

Muhammad al-Baqir Muḥammad al-Bāqir ( ar, مُحَمَّد ٱلْبَاقِر), with the full name Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, also known as Abū Jaʿfar or simply al-Bāqir () was the fifth Imam in Shia Islam, succee ...

ibn

Zayn al-Abidin ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn ( ar, علي بن الحسين زين العابدين), also known as al-Sajjād (, ) or simply as Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn (), , was an Imam in Shiʻi Islam after his father Husayn ibn Ali, his uncle Hasan ...

ibn

Hussain Hussein, Hussain, Hossein, Hossain, Huseyn, Husayn, Husein or Husain (; ar, حُسَيْن ), coming from the triconsonantal root Ḥ-S-i-N ( ar, ح س ی ن, link=no), is an Arabic name which is the diminutive of Hassan, meaning "good", " ...

Birth and education

Abid Hussain was born in 1834 in

Deoband Deoband is a town and a municipality in Saharanpur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, about 150 km from Delhi. Darul Uloom Deoband, an Islamic seminary and one of the largest Islamic Institution of India is located there. Etymo ...

Mughal India The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. Quote: "Although the first two Timurid emperors and many of their noblemen were recent migrants to the subcontinent, the d ...

. Aged 7, he studied

Quran The Quran (, ; Standard Arabic: , Classical Arabic, Quranic Arabic: , , 'the recitation'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation in Islam, revelation from God in Islam, ...

and

Persian language Persian (), also known by its endonym Farsi (, ', ), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and ...

. He went to

Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders w ...

for higher education. In the meantime, he had to return to Deoband because of his father's health issues. However, his father died a few days later which made him to discontinue his studies. He was authorized in

Tasawwuf Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, r ...

Imdadullah Muhajir Makki Imdadullah Muhajir Makki (1817 – 1899) was an Indian Muslim Sufi scholar of the Chishti Sufi order. His disciples include Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, and Ashraf Ali Thanwi. In the Indian Rebellion of 1857, he led the Musli ...

and Karim Bakhsh Rampuri.

Career

Abid Hussain was one of the founding figures of

. At first, he differed from the rest of the founding members about the separation of "madrasa" from the Jama Masjid, and opined that the "madrasa" should remain intact in the Jama Masjid. He changed his opinion later and was the second person who laid the foundation of new building of Darul Uloom Deoband, after the first stone was laid by Miyanji Munne Shah.The sale-deed of the land where the new building of Deoband seminary was constructed is named in his favor. He served the Deoband seminary as vice chancellor for three times. First, from its inception in 1866 to 1867. The second time from 1869 to 1871 and the third time from 1890 to 1892. He was also a member of the first governing body of Darul Uloom Deoband.

Death and legacy

Abid Hussain died in 1912 in Deoband. His disciples include

Aziz-ur-Rahman Usmani Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani (also written as Azizur Rahman Usmani) (died 1928) was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar who served as first Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband. He is best known for his ''Fatawa Darul Uloom Deoband''. His brother was Shabbir ...

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

* {{Cite web, title=Muḥammad ʿĀbid Ḥusayn {{! Indian Muslim scholar, url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad-Abid-Husayn, access-date=18 January 2021, website=Encyclopedia Britannica, language=en 1834 births 1912 deaths Deobandis Darul Uloom Deoband faculty People from Deoband Hanafis Vice-Chancellors of Darul Uloom Deoband