SIAI-Marchetti was an Italian aircraft manufacturer primarily active during the

interwar period In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days), the end of the World War I, First World War to the beginning of the World War II, Second World War. The in ...

History

The original company was founded during 1915 as SIAI (''Società Idrovolanti Alta Italia'' - Seaplane Company of Upper Italy). As suggested by its name, the firm initially specialised in the manufacture of seaplanes, the vast majority of which were intended for the Italian armed forces. Perhaps its most prominent early aircraft was the

SIAI S.16 The SIAI S.16 was an Italian passenger flying boat, later serving as a military reconnaissance-bomber, claimed to be the most successful flying-boat of the 1920s. Design and development The first flying boat designed by the Societa Idrovolant ...

, a seaplane that had been configured to perform both aerial reconnaissance and bomber roles, but also proved itself quite capable of long-distance flights. During 1925, Italian aviator

Francesco de Pinedo Francesco de Pinedo (February 16, 1890 – September 2, 1933) was a famous Italian aviator. A ''Regia Marina'' (Italy's Royal Navy) officer who transferred to the '' Regia Aeronautica'' (Italy's Royal Air Force), he was an advocate of the se ...

of the ''

Regia Aeronautica The Italian Royal Air Force (''Regia Aeronautica Italiana'') was the name of the air force of the Kingdom of Italy. It was established as a service independent of the Royal Italian Army from 1923 until 1946. In 1946, the monarchy was abolis ...

'' (Italian Royal Air Force) used an SIAI S.16''ter'' he named ''Genariello'' for a record-setting flight from Rome to

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

and Tokyo to demonstrate his idea that seaplanes were superior to landplanes for long-distance flights. Having departed Rome on 21 April, Pinedo and his mechanic, Ernesto Campanelli, visited dozens of countries, often stopping for multiple weeks at a time, particularly in Australia, before successfully arriving in Tokyo on 26 September 1925.italystl.com De Pinedo’s Milestone Flights Australia - Japan - America
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''Flight'', 1 October 1925, p. 644.[http://www.flightglobal.com%2FFlightPDFArchive%2F1925%2F1925%2520-%25200756.PDF&usg=AFQjCNGAjxLdvh8rMqo4jsBR3rq5aLF8jw&sig2=odTGJ0rWSqY1qNjRuPA6xw Anonymous, "Rome-Tokyo-Rome: Marquis de Pinedo's Grand Air Tour Successfully Concluded."] ''Flight'', 12 November 1925, p. 756. Shortly following the end of the First World War, the company was rebranded as Savoia following its acquisition of the ''Società Anonima Costruzioni Aeronautiche Savoia'', an Italian aircraft company founded by Umberto Savoia in 1915. The name Marchetti was added to the company's name shortly following the recruitment of its long-serving chief designer, Alessandro Marchetti, during 1922. Savoia-Marchetti gained prominence with the innovative S.55

flying boat A flying boat is a type of fixed-winged seaplane with a hull, allowing it to land on water. It differs from a floatplane in that a flying boat's fuselage is purpose-designed for floatation and contains a hull, while floatplanes rely on fusela ...

. During 1926, the S.55P

prototype A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process. It is a term used in a variety of contexts, including semantics, design, electronics, and Software prototyping, software programming. A prototyp ...

successfully established 14 separate world records in categories including speed, altitude, and distance with a payload. Production models were produced for both civilian and military export customers; numerous S.55s were used during the Second World War and for a number of years beyond the conflict, despite the arrival of many newer types. Savoia-Marchetti became relatively well known for its flying boats and seaplanes, aided by the numerous endurance and speed records that had been set by its products. The company earned the favour of numerous Italian officials, including Air Marshal Italo Balbo. Accordingly, the company was involved in the rapid development and prototyping of a wide portfolio of aircraft types during the 1930s. One such aircraft was the SM.75 trimotor monoplane transport aircraft, which was developed in response to an enquiry by the Italian airline Ala Littoria for a modern, middle- to long-range

airliner An airliner is a type of aircraft for transporting passengers and air cargo. Such aircraft are most often operated by airlines. Although the definition of an airliner can vary from country to country, an airliner is typically defined as an ...

and cargo aircraft; it featured an early implementation of retractable main landing gear and was capable of long-range missions, such as transporting up to 24 passengers over 1,000 miles.Angelucci and Matricardi 1978, p. 207.Rosselli, p. 20. Another was the Savoia-Marchetti SM.81, SM.81 ''Pipistrello'', which became the first Trimotor, three-engine bomber/Cargo aircraft, transport aircraft to be adopted by the Italy, Italian ''

'';Angelucci and Matricardi 1978, p. 188. furthermore, it would be one of the most flexible, reliable, and important aircraft operated by the service through the Second World War, transitioning from a front-line bomber to various second-line duties towards the conflict's latter years.Sutherland 2009, p. 31.Neulen 2000, pp. 85-86. The company became increasingly focused on the construction of military aircraft during the lead-up to, and throughout the majority of, World War II. In particular, the Savoia-Marchetti SM.79, SM.79 ''Sparviero'' trimotor Italian medium bomber has been claimed by aviation authors Enzo Angelucci and Paolo Matricardi as being the best-known Italian aeroplane of the conflict.Angelucci and Matricardi 1978, p. 198. Performing its first flight on 28 September 1934, early examples of the type established 26 separate world records between 1937 and 1939, qualifying the SM.79 for some time as being the fastest medium bomber in the world.Arena et al. 1994, p. 7. It was operated in various capacities during the war, initially focusing on its transport and medium-bomber duties. The SM.79 was developed into an effective torpedo bomber, in which capacity it achieved numerous successes against Allied shipping in the Mediterranean theater.Arena et al. 1994, p. 9. During 1943, the company was rebranded as SIAI-Marchetti. As the conflict turned in favour of the Allies, the company's manufacturing facilities were a particularly high-priority target for enemy bombers, leading to their virtual destruction by the final months of WWII. The firm continued to make efforts to design and produce new aircraft, such as the Savoia-Marchetti SM.93, SM-93 dive bomber during 1944, but the economic consequences of the costly war made such ambitions unrealistic at best. During the immediate postwar era, SIAI-Marchetti endeavoured to survive within the commercially inhospitable climate by diversifying into the manufacture of various items of railway equipment and trucks. The company was relatively insolvent, operating as such for roughly six years following the conflict's end before being compelled to declare bankruptcy in September 1951. During the firm's bankruptcy, all of its staff were dismissed, although more than half were re-employed by the liquidator (law), liquidator to complete outstanding orders. During 1953, the company re-emerged from the bankruptcy process, and quickly began to focus its development efforts on the emerging market for helicopters. Largely as a result of its investment into helicopters, SIAI-Marchetti was acquired by Italian helicopter specialist Agusta during 1983. Its remaining fixed-wing assets were subsequently absorbed by the aircraft manufacturing interest Aermacchi during 1997.

Aircraft

* SIAI S.8 - two-seat reconnaissance flying boat (1917) * SIAI S.9 - two-seat flying boat (1918) * SIAI S.12 - two-seat reconnaissance flying boat (1918) and racing seaplane (as Savoia S.12, 1920) * SIAI S.13 - two-seat reconnaissance flying boat (ca. 1919) *

- flying boat (1919) * SIAI S.17 - racing flying boat (1920) * SIAI S.19 - racing flying boat (1920) * SIAI S.21 - racing flying boat (1921) * SIAI S.22 - racing flying boat (1921) * SIAI S.23 - biplane flying boat trainer (1922) * SIAI S.50 - 1922 redesignation of Marchetti MVT fighter prototype (1919) * SIAI S.51 - racing flying boat (1922) * SIAI S.52 - fighter prototype (1924) * Savoia-Marchetti S.55 - double-hulled flying boat (1924) * Savoia-Marchetti S.56 - three-seat trainer/touring flying boat (1924) * Savoia-Marchetti S.57 - reconnaissance flying boat (1923) * SIAI S.58 - single-seat flying boat fighter prototype (1924) * Savoia-Marchetti S.59 - reconnaissance/bomber flying boat (1925) * Savoia-Marchetti S.60 - high-speed monoplane bomber project (1925) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.62 - bomber/reconnaissance flying boat (1926) * Savoia-Marchetti S.63 - flying boat airliner, single-hull version of S.55 (1927) * Savoia-Marchetti S.64 - record breaking aircraft (1928) * Savoia-Marchetti S.65 - twin engined push/pull racing seaplane (1929) * Savoia-Marchetti S.66 - 22-passenger flying boat (1931) * SIAI S.67 - single-seat flying boat fighter (1930) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.70 - high-speed attack/bomber project (1930s) * Savoia-Marchetti S.71 - eight-passenger light transport (1930) * Savoia-Marchetti S.72 - bomber/transport (1934) * Savoia-Marchetti S.73 - 18-passenger airliner/transport (1934) * Savoia-Marchetti S.74 - airliner (1934) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.75 - airliner/transport (1937) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.95, Savoia-Marchetti SM.76 (I) - projected four-engined version of SM.75 (1937); redesignated as SM.95 in 1939 * Savoia-Marchetti SM.75, Savoia-Marchetti SM.76 (II) - SM.75 for LATI (1940) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.77 - flying boat airliner (1937) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.78 - bomber/reconnaissance flying boat (1932) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 Sparviero, Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 ''Sparviero'' - medium bomber (1934) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.80 - touring amphibian (1933) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.81, Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 ''Pipistrello'' - bomber/transport (1935) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.82, Savoia-Marchetti SM.82 ''Marsupiale'' - heavy bomber/transport (1939) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.83 - 10-passenger transport, civilized version of SM.79 (1937) * Savoia-Marchetti S.84 - prototype airliner developed from the S.73 (1936) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.84 - medium bomber/torpedo bomber (1940) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.85 - dive bomber (1936) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.86 - dive bomber (1940) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.75, Savoia-Marchetti SM.87 - floatplane version of SM.75 (1940) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.88 - twin-engined heavy fighter prototype (1939) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.89 - ground attack (1941) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.75, Savoia-Marchetti SM.90 - prototype transport developed from the SM.75 * Savoia-Marchetti SM.91 - prototype twin-engine long-range fighter-bomber (1943) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.92 - prototype twin-engine heavy fighter/bomber (1943) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.93 - dive bomber (1943) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.94 * Savoia-Marchetti SM.95 - transport/airliner (1943) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.96, Savoia-Marchetti SM.96 (I) - projected cargo version of SM.95 (1942) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.96, Savoia-Marchetti SM.96 (II) - projected single-seat monoplane fighter (1940s) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.96, Savoia-Marchetti SM.96 (III) - projected twin-tail assault transport (1940s) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.97 - four engine airliner study (1943?) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.99 - two or three engine transport study (1940s) * SIAI-Marchetti SM.101 - single-engine transport aircraft (1947) * SIAI-Marchetti SM.102 - twin-engine transport aircraft (1949) * SIAI-Marchetti SM.103 - low-wing fighter-trainer project * SIAI-Marchetti SM.104 - twin engine, twin boom transport project (1946) * Savoia-Marchetti SM.105, Savoia-Marchetti SM.105 ''Canguro'' - projected military/civil transport aircraft (1947) * SIAI-Marchetti SM.106 - four engine high-wing transport project * SIAI-Marchetti SM.107 - twin-engine low-wing transport project * SIAI-Marchetti SM.10X - low-wing twin-engine jet fighter project (1949) * SIAI-Marchetti SM.109 - four engine high-wing cargo transport project * SIAI-Marchetti SM.110, SIAI-Marchetti SM.110 ''Chimera II'' - four engine jet airliner project (1950) * SIAI-Marchetti SM.112 - twin-turboprop airliner project (1953-1957) * SIAI-Marchetti SM.115 - transport aircraft project (1950s) * SIAI-Marchetti SM.122 - twin-turboprop airliner project (1953-1957) * SIAI-Marchetti SM.132 - twin-engine low-wing jetliner project (1953-1954) * SIAI-Marchetti SM.133 - twin-engine interceptor/fighter project * SIAI-Marchetti SM.155 - twin-hull transatlantic flying boat project (1944) * SIAI-Marchetti SM.166 - twin-hull flying boat project * SIAI-Marchetti FN.333 Riviera - luxury touring amphibian flying boat (1952) * SIAI-Marchetti S.201 - V/STOL transport project * FFA AS 202 Bravo, SIAI-Marchetti S.202 - two-seat trainer, project sold to FFA * SIAI-Marchetti S.204 - twin turboprop light transport project (1960s) * SIAI-Marchetti S.205 - four-seat liaison aircraft (1965) * SIAI-Marchetti S.206 - projected 5-6 seat version of S.205 (1967?) * SIAI-Marchetti S.208 - 5-seat version of S.205 (1967) * SIAI-Marchetti S.210 - twin-engined cabin aircraft (1970) * SIAI-Marchetti S.211 - two-seat jet trainer, light attack aircraft (1981) * SIAI-Marchetti S.226 - 22 passenger business jet project (1980s) * SIAI-Marchetti S.229 - swept-wing canard twin engine jet aircraft project, enlarged version of S.226 (1980s) * SIAI Marchetti SF.260 - aerobatics plane and a military trainer (1964) * SIAI-Marchetti SM.1019 - STOL liaison, observation aircraft (1969) * Vulcanair Canguro, SIAI Marchetti SF.600 Canguro - feederliner aircraft (1978) * SIAI-Marchetti S.700 - general purpose amphibian aircraft (not built) * FFA AS-202 Bravo - two/three-seat light civil aircraft (1969)

References

Citations

Bibliography

* Angelucci, Enzo and Paolo Matricardi. ''World Aircraft: World War II, Volume I'' (Sampson Low Guides). Maidenhead, UK: Sampson Low, 1978. . * * * Neulen, Hans Werner. ''In the skies of Europe - Air Forces allied to the Luftwaffe 1939–1945''. Ramsbury, Marlborough, THE CROWOOD PRESS, 2000. . * Rosselli, Alberto. "In the Summer of 1942, a Savoia-Marchetti Cargo Plane Made a Secret Flight to Japan." ''Aviation History''. January 2004. * Sutherland, Jon & Diane Canwell: ''Air War East Africa 1940–41 The RAF versus the Italian Air Force''. Barnsley (South Yorkshire) Pen and Sword Aviation, 2009. .

External links