Saul Raphael (also spelled Rafael) Landau ( he, שאול רפאל לנדאו; 1870–1943) was a

Polish Jewish The history of the Jews in Poland dates back at least 1,000 years. For centuries, Poland was home to the largest and most significant Ashkenazi Jewish community in the world. Poland was a principal center of Jewish culture, because of the lon ...

lawyer, journalist, publicist and

Zionist Zionism ( he, צִיּוֹנוּת ''Tsiyyonut'' after '' Zion'') is a nationalist movement that espouses the establishment of, and support for a homeland for the Jewish people centered in the area roughly corresponding to what is known in Je ...

activist.

Life

Landau was born in 1870 in

Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...

. Between 1893 and 1895 he lectured in Polish language and literature at the newly opened (Israelite Theological School) in

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

. In February 1896, he became acquainted with

Theodor Herzl Theodor Herzl; hu, Herzl Tivadar; Hebrew name given at his brit milah: Binyamin Ze'ev (2 May 1860 – 3 July 1904) was an Austro-Hungarian Jewish lawyer, journalist, playwright, political activist, and writer who was the father of modern po ...

and became an enthusiastic colleague of his and for a short time one of his closest confidants. He took over the editing of the Zionist weekly ''

Die Welt ''Die Welt'' ("The World") is a German national daily newspaper, published as a broadsheet by Axel Springer SE. ''Die Welt'' is the flagship newspaper of the Axel Springer publishing group. Its leading competitors are the ''Frankfurter All ...

'', which appeared for the first time on 4 June 1897. At the same time, he became a correspondent for the London weekly '' Jewish Chronicle''. After tensions developed between Landau and Herzl, he had to hand over the editorial management of ''Die Welt'' to in October 1897. In May 1898, Landau founded an independent socialist Zionist organization called "Achwah" () and as its organ, the monthly ''Der jüdisch Arbeiter'' (August 1898 to June 1899). In 1907, he began to publish the ''Neue National-Zeitung'' (as a continuation of the ''Jüdisch Volksblatt'') until 1916, when he was drafted into military service. From 1900 and after, he worked mainly as a lawyer. In 1938, he emigrated to London and in 1941 to the United States. He died on 16 July 1943, in New York City.

Works

* ''Sionizm'', 1897. (in Polish) * ''Der Polenklub und seine Hausjuden'': Grundlinien der jüdischen Volkspolitik in Österreich, 1907. (in German) * ''Sturm und Drang im Zionismus'': Rückblicke eines Zionisten vor, mit und um Theodor Herzl, Wien: 1937 (in German) – memoir, includes correspondence with Herzl

References

External links

* 1870 births 1943 deaths 20th-century memoirists 20th-century Austrian lawyers Jews from Galicia (Eastern Europe) Jewish journalists Zionist activists Writers from Kraków Jewish emigrants from Austria after the Anschluss to the United Kingdom {{Judaism-bio-stub