Satrio (28 May 1916 – 5 May 1986) was an Indonesian military doctor. He served as Minister of Health during the
Guided Democracy
Guided democracy, also called managed democracy, is a formally democratic government that functions as a ''de facto'' authoritarian government or in some cases, as an autocratic government. Such hybrid regimes are legitimized by elections th ...
period, between 1959 and 1966, and as General Chairman of the
Indonesian Red Cross
The Indonesian Red Cross Society ( id, Palang Merah Indonesia) is a humanitarian organization in Indonesia. It is a member of International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
Indonesia is the one of the very few Muslim-majorit ...
between 1970 and 1982.
A graduate of the Batavia Medical College during the
Japanese occupation period, Satrio was an early member of the
Indonesian Red Cross
The Indonesian Red Cross Society ( id, Palang Merah Indonesia) is a humanitarian organization in Indonesia. It is a member of International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
Indonesia is the one of the very few Muslim-majorit ...
during the
Indonesian National Revolution, active in
Jakarta
Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta ...
,
Banten
Banten ( id, Banten; Sundanese: , romanized ''Banten'') is the westernmost province on the island of Java, Indonesia. Its capital city is Serang. The province borders West Java and the Special Capital Region of Jakarta on the east, the Ja ...
and
West Java
West Java ( id, Jawa Barat, su, ᮏᮝ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪, romanized ''Jawa Kulon'') is a province of Indonesia on the western part of the island of Java, with its provincial capital in Bandung. West Java is bordered by the province of Banten ...
as a military doctor. After the revolution, he continued his career as an army doctor until his appointment as health minister. After a seven-year ministerial tenure, he returned to military service before heading the
Indonesian Red Cross
The Indonesian Red Cross Society ( id, Palang Merah Indonesia) is a humanitarian organization in Indonesia. It is a member of International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
Indonesia is the one of the very few Muslim-majorit ...
.
Early life and education
Satrio was born on 28 May 1916 in the village of Singojuruh within
Banyuwangi Regency
Banyuwangi Regency is a regency ( id, kabupaten) of East Java province in Indonesia. This regency also known as ''the sun rise of Java'' because it is located at the easternmost end of Java Island. It serves as a port between Java and Bali. It i ...
, today in
East Java
East Java ( id, Jawa Timur) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the easternmost hemisphere of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean bord ...
. He was the eldest of eight children, with his father working as a teacher. He completed his
HIS
His or HIS may refer to:
Computing
* Hightech Information System, a Hong Kong graphics card company
* Honeywell Information Systems
* Hybrid intelligent system
* Microsoft Host Integration Server
Education
* Hangzhou International School, in ...
elementary school there, before moving to
Surabaya for his
MULO middle school, then to
Malang for
AMS. He continued his studies in
Batavia
Batavia may refer to:
Historical places
* Batavia (region), a land inhabited by the Batavian people during the Roman Empire, today part of the Netherlands
* Batavia, Dutch East Indies, present-day Jakarta, the former capital of the Dutch East In ...
, where he took a medical course at the ' (Batavia Medical College) from which he graduated in 1942. During his studies at Malang, he had joined the local chapter of the
Jong Islamieten Bond.
Career
After graduating during the
Japanese occupation period, Satrio began to work as a doctor's assistant. When the Japanese occupation forces set up the ''Ika Daigaku'' medical school, Satrio was appointed to head the anatomy department. During the
Indonesian National Revolution, Satrio joined the newly formed
Indonesian Red Cross
The Indonesian Red Cross Society ( id, Palang Merah Indonesia) is a humanitarian organization in Indonesia. It is a member of International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
Indonesia is the one of the very few Muslim-majorit ...
(PMI), where he led the fast response team and commandeered motor vehicles to evacuate wounded soldiers during sporadic fighting in Jakarta whilst also training new medical staff. Due to the situation in Jakarta, Satrio opted to also establish PMI posts outside of Jakarta and evacuated medical supplies and teaching equipment of the former ''Ika Daigaku'' to
Klaten and
Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (; jv, ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ ; pey, Jogjakarta) is the capital city of Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by a monarchy, ...
.
Once the Dutch took control of Jakarta, Satrio moved to
Karawang, transporting supplies and equipment from Jakarta to the Karawang Hospital. While in Karawang, he was appointed as head doctor of the
Banten
Banten ( id, Banten; Sundanese: , romanized ''Banten'') is the westernmost province on the island of Java, Indonesia. Its capital city is Serang. The province borders West Java and the Special Capital Region of Jakarta on the east, the Ja ...
Division of the
Republican forces, with a rank of
lieutenant colonel
Lieutenant colonel ( , ) is a rank of commissioned officers in the armies, most marine forces and some air forces of the world, above a major and below a colonel. Several police forces in the United States use the rank of lieutenant colone ...
. Throughout his service under the division, he led efforts to vaccinate residents around Banten against smallpox, injecting water buffaloes with smuggled smallpox ampoules in order to create enough vaccines for 240,000 people. He was later appointed deputy chief of
Indonesian Army's health service. In the early 1950s, he worked mostly on the
Army Central Hospital, though he also lectured anatomy at the
University of Indonesia
The University of Indonesia ( id, Universitas Indonesia, abbreviated as UI) is a public university in Depok, West Java and Salemba, Jakarta, Indonesia. It is one of the oldest tertiary-level educational institutions in Indonesia (known as the D ...
. Since 1957, he became an extraordinary lecturer there, renewing the curriculum and establishing an affiliate program with the
University of California
The University of California (UC) is a public land-grant research university system in the U.S. state of California. The system is composed of the campuses at Berkeley, Davis, Irvine, Los Angeles, Merced, Riverside, San Diego, San Franci ...
.
Satrio was appointed as Junior Minister of Health in the
First Working Cabinet
The First Working Cabinet, ( id, Kabinet Kerja I), was an Indonesian
cabinet that served from 9 July 1959 until 18 February 1960, when President Sukarno reshuffled
it.
Composition
Cabinet Leadership
*Prime Minister: Sukarno
* Deputy Prime Min ...
on 10 July 1959. During his tenure, the healthcare ethics committee was formed (November 1959), and laws were passed which set the ministry's powers, along with arranging quarantine for ports of entry, disease outbreaks, general hygiene and the pharmaceutical industry. He also established programs to rehabilitate
leprosy
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease (HD), is a long-term infection by the bacteria ''Mycobacterium leprae'' or ''Mycobacterium lepromatosis''. Infection can lead to damage of the nerves, respiratory tract, skin, and eyes. This nerve damag ...
patients, and attempted to expand a
WHO
Who or WHO may refer to:
* Who (pronoun), an interrogative or relative pronoun
* Who?, one of the Five Ws in journalism
* World Health Organization
Arts and entertainment Fictional characters
* Who, a creature in the Dr. Seuss book '' Horton He ...
-backed malaria eradication program, which faced significant bureaucratic obstacles and thus budgetary cuts. With Indonesia's growing population, during the
Indonesia–Malaysia Confrontation period of the early 1960s, Satrio also launched an "Operation to Eradicate Ignorance in Nutrition" to reduce the impact of nutrition-related diseases. He also visited
Western New Guinea
Western New Guinea, also known as Papua, Indonesian New Guinea, or Indonesian Papua, is the western half of the Melanesian island of New Guinea which is administered by Indonesia. Since the island is alternatively named as Papua, the region ...
in 1963, shortly after the territory's takeover by Indonesia. By 1962, he held the military rank of
major general
Major general (abbreviated MG, maj. gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. The disappearance of the "sergeant" in the title explains the apparent confusion of a ...
, and was appointed by
Abdul Haris Nasution into a "Council of Generals". After the
fall of Sukarno, he was replaced by
G. A. Siwabessy
Gerrit Augustinus Siwabessy (19 August 1914 – 11 November 1982) was an Indonesian politician who served as the ninth Minister of Health (Indonesia), minister of health from July 1966 until March 1978, during the presidencies of Sukarno and Suh ...
.
Following his ministerial tenure, Satrio was appointed as the inaugural surgeon general of the
Indonesian National Armed Forces. He served in this position between 11 December 1968 to 1 July 1970. Aside from establishing the institution and recruiting the necessary personnel, Satrio worked on medical insurance for service members, and was involved in the
family planning program. He also served in the
People's Consultative Assembly between 1968 and 1973. He was elected as General Chairman of the
Indonesian Red Cross
The Indonesian Red Cross Society ( id, Palang Merah Indonesia) is a humanitarian organization in Indonesia. It is a member of International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
Indonesia is the one of the very few Muslim-majorit ...
on 28 March 1970. His tenure included activities in then newly annexed
East Timor
East Timor (), also known as Timor-Leste (), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is an island country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the exclave of Oecusse on the island's north-weste ...
, and humanitarian missions for
Vietnamese boat people
Vietnamese boat people ( vi, Thuyền nhân Việt Nam), also known simply as boat people, refers to the refugees who fled Vietnam by boat and ship following the end of the Vietnam War in 1975. This migration and humanitarian crisis was at its ...
at
Galang Island
Galang (Indonesian: Pulau Galang) is an island of 80 km2 located 25 mi (40 km) southeast of Batam, belonging to a group of three islands called Barelang (an abbreviation of Batam- Rempang-Galang). Part of the Riau Archipelago, Indo ...
. He served as chairman until 17 September 1982, when he declined another nomination citing his health.
Death
He died on 5 May 1986 in
Bandung, West Java, while giving a speech to officer cadets of the armed forces. The
Prof. Dr. Satrio Road, a major street in Jakarta, is named after him.
References
Bibliography
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1916 births
1986 deaths
Indonesian generals
People from Banyuwangi Regency
Indonesian physicians
Health ministers of Indonesia
{{Indonesian National Armed Forces Surgeons General