SARON stands for Swiss Average Rate Overnight and represents the overnight interest rate of the secured funding market for the

Swiss Franc The Swiss franc is the currency and legal tender of Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It is also legal tender in the Italian exclave of Campione d'Italia which is surrounded by Swiss territory. The Swiss National Bank (SNB) issues banknotes and the f ...

(CHF). (Swiss Average Rate Overnight) is an overnight interest rates average referencing the

CHF. It is based on transactions and quotes posted in the Swiss

repo A repurchase agreement, also known as a repo, RP, or sale and repurchase agreement, is a form of short-term borrowing, mainly in government securities. The dealer sells the underlying security to investors and, by agreement between the two par ...

market. SARON is administered by

SIX 6 is a number, numeral, and glyph. 6 or six may also refer to: * AD 6, the sixth year of the AD era * 6 BC, the sixth year before the AD era * The month of June Science * Carbon, the element with atomic number 6 * 6 Hebe, an asteroid People ...

. Internationally, there is a consensus that financial benchmarks need to be resilient and reliable. Repo markets, in their role as the backbone of the financial industry and central bank activity, are the obvious choice. They are liquid, highly regulated, and stable. The National Working Group on the Swiss Franc reference rate, which leads efforts to reform benchmark interest rates, has recommended SARON as the alternative to CHF

Libor The London Inter-Bank Offered Rate is an interest-rate average calculated from estimates submitted by the leading banks in London. Each bank estimates what it would be charged were it to borrow from other banks. The resulting average rate is u ...

. In 2020, the SARON, along with the SAION (SARON Index), was endorsed under the EU Benchmarks Regulation and is registered with the

European Securities and Markets Authority The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) is an independent European Union Authority located in Paris. ESMA replaced the Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR) on 1 January 2011. It is one of the three new European Supe ...

, which means that it can be used as an underlying for financial products sold in the EU.

Introduction

Internationally, overnight

interest rates An interest rate is the amount of interest due per period, as a proportion of the amount lent, deposited, or borrowed (called the principal sum). The total interest on an amount lent or borrowed depends on the principal sum, the interest rate, th ...

play a significant role in determining the

yield curve In finance, the yield curve is a graph which depicts how the yields on debt instruments - such as bonds - vary as a function of their years remaining to maturity. Typically, the graph's horizontal or x-axis is a time line of months or ye ...

. Therefore, repo transactions have become a key pillar of the

money markets The money market is a component of the economy that provides short-term funds. The money market deals in short-term loans, generally for a period of a year or less. As short-term securities became a commodity, the money market became a compon ...

- even the

Swiss National Bank The Swiss National Bank (SNB; german: Schweizerische Nationalbank; french: Banque nationale suisse; it, Banca nazionale svizzera; rm, Banca naziunala svizra) is the central bank of Switzerland, responsible for the nation's monetary policy an ...

(SNB) uses repo transactions as a means of implementing its

monetary policy Monetary policy is the policy adopted by the monetary authority of a nation to control either the interest rate payable for very short-term borrowing (borrowing by banks from each other to meet their short-term needs) or the money supply, often a ...

. This instrument allows market participants to better manage their short-term refinancing needs, representing an important instrument for their daily liquidity management activities. Hence, through the Swiss Reference Rates, an additional instrument was created which provides an alternative to the Swiss Franc

. The point of departure from Switzerland's yield curve is the SARON, an overnight reference rate based on data from the Swiss Franc repo market, which replaced the former Repo Overnight Index (SNB). The Swiss Reference Rates comprise a total of 32 benchmark rates that cover a term spectrum, ranging from overnight (ON) to 12 months (12M), plus two distinct indices for the ON term. The relevant calculations are based on CHF repo transactions concluded in the interbank market, as well as on indicative quotes posted on the SIX Repo AG trading platform.

Attributes

Representative market

SARON is a reference rate reflecting both actual transactions and binding quotes of the underlying Swiss repo market. Its methodology ensures robustness and reliability. The market is under the surveillance of SIX Exchange Regulation and is regulated under the Swiss Financial Market Infrastructure Act (FMIA) as a multilateral trading facility. Between 2017 and 2019 the average daily trade volume was around CHF 3.3 billion.

Risk-neutral reference rate

Based on data from the secured money market, SARON can be used for different financial market instruments, but is particularly suitable for secured loans due to the negligible counterparty and liquidity risks. As a risk neutral benchmark, SARON shows considerably lower volatility to changes in bank confidence levels and during turbulent phases compared to a reference rate based on the unsecured money market. For the use of

interest rate swaps In finance, an interest rate swap (IRS) is an interest rate derivative (IRD). It involves exchange of interest rates between two parties. In particular it is a "linear" IRD and one of the most liquid, benchmark products. It has associations wit ...

, this is an essential advantage. Major clearing houses offer to clear

swap Swap or SWAP may refer to: Finance * Swap (finance), a derivative in which two parties agree to exchange one stream of cash flows against another * Barter Science and technology * Swap (computer programming), exchanging two variables in t ...

s based on SARON. Exchanges are now offering the ability to trade futures on SARON, as well.

Calculation and publication

SARON is based on concluded transactions and trade quotes posted on the SIX Repo trading platform, provided they lie within the parameters of the quote filter. The quote filter is parameterized in a way that limits the possibilities for manipulation. SARON is continually calculated in real time and published every 10 minutes. In addition, a fixing is conducted three times a day at 12pm, 4pm and 6pm. The 6pm fixing serves as a reference reading for derivative financial products and the valuation of

financial assets A financial asset is a non-physical asset whose value is derived from a contractual claim, such as bank deposits, bonds, and participations in companies' share capital. Financial assets are usually more liquid than other tangible assets, such as ...

Governance and regulation

In 2017, SIX established an Index Commission for Swiss Reference Rates that advises in all matters related to them. SIX is committed to the IOSCO Principles for Financial Benchmarks and SARON is approved under EU Benchmark Regulation. The administration of the Swiss Reference Rates is in compliance with the recommendations and requirements set forth in these regulations. This also ensures the international use of the SIX benchmarks for customers and financial service providers.

Quick facts

History

* SARON was introduced on 25 August 2009 with historical data available since 30 June 1999 * The National Working Group proposed SARON as the alternative to the CHF Libor in October 2017 * SARON swap clearing has been available since 9 October 2017 * The SARON 6pm fixing replaced the TOIS fixing on 1 January 2018 * SARON futures have been available for trading since 29 October 2018 *SARON Compound Rates for 1, 3 and 6 months have been introduced on 25 March 2020 *Further SARON Compound Rates (1 week, 2, 9 and 12 months) and SARON Compound Indices for all available SARON Compound Rate tenors have been introduced in March 2021

Future

Compound rates

SIX as the Benchmark Administrator of the SARON offer
SARON Compound Rates and SARON Compound Indices
for pre-defined time periods. The SARON is an Overnight Rate and applies for the upcoming overnight period. Market participants are engaged typically in longer term contracts like 1, 3 or 6 months as a basis for loans and mortgages, deposits, bonds and floating rate notes, swaps and futures. To cover longer term contracts in Swiss francs and to determine the respective observation period, SARON Compound Rates and Indices are provided. The SARON Compound Rates are standardised compounded rates and calculated by compounding the daily SARON rates. The SARON Compound Indices measure the daily change of SARON Compound Rates and are expressed in index points. The Index Commission Swiss Reference Rates is advising on the concept and SIX is in close cooperation with th
National Working Group (NWG) for References Rates

References

Swiss Reference Rates on Swiss National Bank websiteNational Working Group (NWG) Swiss Reference RatesThree-Month SARON Futures

External links

Historical chart
Banking in Switzerland Interest rates Reference rates {{finance-stub