genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
fish
Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of li ...
in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Clupeidae
Clupeidae is a family of ray-finned fishes, comprising, for instance, the herrings, shads, sardines, hilsa, and menhadens. The clupeoids include many of the most important food fishes in the world, and are also commonly caught for production of ...
found in the
Atlantic
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe an ...
,
Indian
Indian or Indians may refer to:
Peoples South Asia
* Indian people, people of Indian nationality, or people who have an Indian ancestor
** Non-resident Indian, a citizen of India who has temporarily emigrated to another country
* South Asia ...
and
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...
. They are abundant in warmer waters of the
tropical
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in
the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...
and
subtropical
The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Geographical z ...
oceans. Adults are generally coastal,
schooling
A school is an educational institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is sometimes compuls ...
,
marine
Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean.
Marine or marines may refer to:
Ocean
* Maritime (disambiguation)
* Marine art
* Marine biology
* Marine debris
* Marine habitats
* Marine life
* Marine pollution
Military
* ...
fish but juveniles are often found in
lagoon
A lagoon is a shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water by a narrow landform, such as reefs, barrier islands, barrier peninsulas, or isthmuses. Lagoons are commonly divided into ''coastal lagoons'' (or ''barrier lagoons'') a ...
s and
estuaries
An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and maritime environment ...
. These
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
are distinguished by their ranges and by specific body features, but they are often confused with one another. Fish of the genus have seven to 14 striped markings along the
scales
Scale or scales may refer to:
Mathematics
* Scale (descriptive set theory), an object defined on a set of points
* Scale (ratio), the ratio of a linear dimension of a model to the corresponding dimension of the original
* Scale factor, a number w ...
of the top of the head. The paddle-shaped supramaxilla bones are characteristic; they separate ''Sardinella'' from other genera and their shapes help distinguish species. They have paired predorsal scales and enlarged
fin ray
Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as see ...
s.
Species
There are currently 24 recognized species in this genus:
* ''
Sardinella albella
The white sardinella (''Sardinella albella''), also known as deep-bodied sardine, perforated-scale sardine or short-bodied sardine, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Sardinella''. It is an important food fish, which can be feed as dr ...
'' (
Valenciennes
Valenciennes (, also , , ; nl, label=also Dutch, Valencijn; pcd, Valincyinnes or ; la, Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France.
It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced a s ...
, 1847) (White sardinella)
* ''
Sardinella atricauda
''Sardinella atricauda'' (Bleeker's blacktip sardinella) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Sardinella'' from the western Pacific
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends ...
Sardinella aurita
The round sardinella (''Sardinella aurita'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Sardinella'' found in both sides of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
''S. aurita'' went through a large boom in catch population around 1990 ...
''
Valenciennes
Valenciennes (, also , , ; nl, label=also Dutch, Valencijn; pcd, Valincyinnes or ; la, Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France.
It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced a s ...
, 1847 (Round sardinella)
* ''
Sardinella brachysoma
''Sardinella brachysoma'' (deepbody sardinella, Indian herring, or Indian sprat) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Sardinella
''Sardinella'' is a genus of fish in the family Clupeidae found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oce ...
''
Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Sardinella brasiliensis
''Sardinella brasiliensis'', (Brazilian sardinella or orangespot sardine) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Sardinella. ''S. brasilensis'' are extremely hard to distinguish from ''Sardinella aurita'' and are combined in most studies ...
'' (
Steindachner
Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner describ ...
, 1879) (Brazilian sardinella)
* ''
Sardinella electra
''Sardinella'' is a genus of fish in the family Clupeidae found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. They are abundant in warmer waters of the tropical and subtropical oceans. Adults are generally coastal, schooling, marine fish but juvenil ...
'' Hata & Motomura, 2019
* ''
Sardinella fijiense
''Sardinella fijiense'' also known as the Fiji sardinella is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Sardinella
''Sardinella'' is a genus of fish in the family Clupeidae found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. They are abundant i ...
Sardinella fimbriata
''Sardinella fimbriata'' (fringescale sardinella) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Sardinella
''Sardinella'' is a genus of fish in the family Clupeidae found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. They are abundant in warmer ...
'' (
Valenciennes
Valenciennes (, also , , ; nl, label=also Dutch, Valencijn; pcd, Valincyinnes or ; la, Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France.
It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced a s ...
Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Sardinella goni''
Stern
The stern is the back or aft-most part of a ship or boat, technically defined as the area built up over the sternpost, extending upwards from the counter rail to the taffrail. The stern lies opposite the bow, the foremost part of a ship. Ori ...
Goren
Goren ( he, גֹּרֶן, גורן, ''lit.'' Granary) is a moshav in northern Israel. Located in the Western Galilee near Ma'alot-Tarshiha, it falls under the jurisdiction of Ma'ale Yosef Regional Council. In it had a population of .
History
Th ...
, 2016 (Gon's sardinella) Stern, N., Rinkevich, B. & Goren, M. (2016): Integrative approach revises the frequently misidentified species of ''Sardinella'' (Clupeidae) of the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. ''Journal of Fish Biology, 89 (5): 2282–2305.''
* '' Sardinella hualiensis'' ( K. Y. Chu & C. F. Tsai, 1958) (Taiwan sardinella)
* ''
Sardinella jussieu
''Sardinella jussieu'' (Mauritian sardinella or goldstripe sardinella) is a species of ray-finned fish
Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebra ...
'' (
Lacépède Lacepede can refer to:
* Bernard Germain de Lacépède (1756–1825), French naturalist and politician.
* Lacepede Bay, a bay in South Australia.
* Lacépède, Lot-et-Garonne, a ''commune'' in France
* Lacepede Islands, a group of four islands in t ...
, 1803) (Mauritian sardinella)
* ''
Sardinella lemuru
''Sardinella lemuru'' (Bali sardinella) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Sardinella'' found in the Eastern Indian Ocean and in the Western Pacific Ocean, in the area that stretches from southern Japan through the Malay Archipelago ...
''
Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Sardinella longiceps
Indian oil sardine
The Indian oil sardine (''Sardinella longiceps'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Sardinella''. It is one of the two most important commercial fishes in India (with the mackerel
Mackerel is a common name a ...
''
Valenciennes
Valenciennes (, also , , ; nl, label=also Dutch, Valencijn; pcd, Valincyinnes or ; la, Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France.
It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced a s ...
Berry
A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. Typically, berries are juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet, sour or tart, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present. Common examples are strawberries, raspb ...
Sardinella melanura
''Sardinella melanura'' (blacktip sardinella) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Sardinella
''Sardinella'' is a genus of fish in the family Clupeidae found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. They are abundant in warmer wat ...
'' (
G. Cuvier
Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (; 23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuvier was a major figure in nat ...
, 1829) (Black-tip sardinella)
* '' Sardinella neglecta'' Wongratana, 1983 (East African sardinella)
* '' Sardinella pacifica'' Hata & Motomura, 2019 Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2019). FishBase. Sardinella pacifica Hata & Motomura, 2019. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1332810 on 2019-03-12
* '' Sardinella richardsoni'' Wongratana, 1983 (Richardson's sardinella)
* '' Sardinella rouxi'' (
Poll
Poll, polled, or polling may refer to:
Figurative head counts
* Poll, a formal election
** Election verification exit poll, a survey taken to verify election counts
** Polling, voting to make decisions or determine opinions
** Polling places o ...
Sardinella tawilis
''Sardinella tawilis'' (the freshwater sardinella, freshwater herring, bombon sardine or freshwater sardine) is a freshwater sardine found exclusively in the Philippines. It is the only member of the genus ''Sardinella'' known to exist entirely ...