Sarafand al-Kharab ( ar, صرفند الخراب) was a
Palestinian Arab village in the
Ramle Subdistrict, located above sea level, west of
Ramla, in the area that is today northeast of
Ness Ziona.
History
Pottery remains from the Early Islamic period (8th-10th century,
Umayyad
The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by the ...
and
Abbasid
The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib ...
periods) have been found here.
[Golan, 2015]
Nes Ziyyona, Sarafand el-Kharab
/ref>
An Arabic inscription on a slab of marble, formerly held in the private collection of Baron d'Ustinow, was found in Sarafand al-Kharab. Dating to the Fatimid period and ostensibly brought to the village from Ashkelon, it states: "The slave of ''amir al-mu'minin
Amir al-Mu'minin ( ar, أَمِير ٱلْمُؤْمِنِين, amīr al-muʾminīn) is an Arabic title designating the supreme leader of an Islamic community. It is usually translated as "Commander of the Faithful", though sometimes also as "Prin ...
'' may Allah bless him and his pure ancestors, and his noble descendants. And he was then in charge of ... in the border stronghold of Ashqelon in the month of (?) of Rabi' II of the year 440." AH 440 corresponds to 1048/49 CE.[Sharon, 1997, pp]
151
-152.
A vault, dating from the Crusader period, has been found in the village.[Khalidi, 1992, p. 412]
Ottoman period
In 1838, Edward Robinson reported that there were two villages by the name of Sarafand in the area, one of which was inhabited by Muslims and the other ruined. Thus, it may be that Sarafand al-Kharab ("Sarafand of the ruins") acquired its name during this period. Both the Sarafand villages belonged to the District of ''Ibn Humar.''
An Ottoman village list of about 1870 counted 22 houses and a population of 107 in ''Sarfend el Charab'', though the population count included men only.
In 1882, the PEF's '' Survey of Western Palestine'' (SWP) noted the village on their maps as ''Khurbet Surafend'', and described the archeological remains at the place as being "a tank or birkeh of rubble in cement, resembling those at Ramleh, here exists, with traces of other ruins."
British Mandate
In the 1922 census of Palestine
The 1922 census of Palestine was the first census carried out by the authorities of the British Mandate of Palestine, on 23 October 1922.
The reported population was 757,182, including the military and persons of foreign nationality. The divisi ...
conducted by the British Mandate authorities, ''Sarafand al-Kharab'' had a population of 385 Muslim
Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
s,[Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramleh, p]
21
/ref> increasing in the 1931 census to 974; 938 Muslims, 33 Christians and 3 Jews, in a total of 206 residential houses.[Mills, 1932, p]
23
Sarafand al-Kharab was one of a number of villages in the Lydda-Ramle district of Mandatory Palestine
Mandatory Palestine ( ar, فلسطين الانتدابية '; he, פָּלֶשְׂתִּינָה (א״י) ', where "E.Y." indicates ''’Eretz Yiśrā’ēl'', the Land of Israel) was a geopolitical entity established between 1920 and 1948 ...
whose equine population was struck by an epidemic of African horse sickness in 1944, resulting in "stand-still" orders preventing the movement of horses outside of town between September and November 1944 and the deaths of 730 horses in the district.[El-Eini, 2004, p]
399
/ref>
In the 1945 statistics the village had a population of 1,040; 930 Muslims and 110 Christians,[ with a total of 5,503 dunams of land. (3,545 Arab-owned, 1,611 Jewish-owned, 347 public lands)][ In 1944-45, a total of 4,235 dunams were devoted to citrus and bananas and 499 dunams were allocated to cereals; 64 dunams were irrigated or used for orchards, while 33 dunams were classified as built-up, urban areas.
]
1948, aftermath
By 8 April, Haganah
Haganah ( he, הַהֲגָנָה, lit. ''The Defence'') was the main Zionist paramilitary organization of the Jewish population ("Yishuv") in Mandatory Palestine between 1920 and its disestablishment in 1948, when it became the core of the ...
reports mentioned that Palestinian women and children had started evacuating the village. News of the Deir Yassin massacre might have prompted further evacuation.[
By September 1948, Sarafand al-Kharab was one village Israeli general Avner considered "suitable" for filling with newly Jewish immigrants, so called olim.][Morris, 2004, p]
394
note 328
In 1992 the village site was described: "A major part of the village has been destroyed. Many houses, however, remain; no more than six of them, including the house of ''Muhammad Darwish'', are occupied by Israeli families. Most of them have gable roofs and rectangular doors and windows. One house is two stories and has a slanted roof. The school is used by Israeli students. A pond and a pump house in the orchard of ''Mahmud Yusuf Darwish'' are still undamaged. Castor oil ( Ricinus) plant and mulberry trees grow on the site. The cemetery is overgrown with cactus plants. The surrounding land are cultivated by Israelis."[
]
Gallery
File:Sarafand al-Kharab.1930.jpg, Sarafand al-Kharab area, 1930
File:El Ramle 1945.jpg, Sarafand el Kharab 1945 1:250,000
File:Nes-Ziona-Fort-1948.jpg, Former police station in Sarafand el Kharab, 2020
File:Nes-Ziona-Fort-1923.jpg, Former police station in Sarafand el Kharab, 2020
References
Bibliography
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External links
Welcome To Sarafand al-KharabSarafand al-Kharab
Zochrot
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 13
IAAWikimedia commons
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarafand Al-Kharab
Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War
District of Ramla