Sanjak Of Çanad
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The Sanjak of Çanad () was a
sanjak A sanjak or sancak (, , "flag, banner") was an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans also sometimes called the sanjak a liva (, ) from the name's calque in Arabic and Persian. Banners were a common organization of nomad ...
(district) of the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
located mostly in what is today northwestern
Banat Banat ( , ; ; ; ) is a geographical and Historical regions of Central Europe, historical region located in the Pannonian Basin that straddles Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. It is divided among three countries: the eastern part lie ...
(northernmost Serbia, southernmost Hungary and northwesternmost Romania), centered at
Cenad Cenad (, during the Dark Ages ''Marosvár''; , archaically ''Maroschburg''; ; ) is a commune in Timiș County, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Cenad. The village serves as a customs point on the border with Hungary. Today's village ...
(, in modern Romania). It existed from the middle of the 16th century, up to the beginning of the 18th century.


History

After the capture of Belgrade (1521), the Ottomans intensified their incursions towards various territories of the
Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946 and was a key part of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526-1918. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coro ...
beyond the
Danube The Danube ( ; see also #Names and etymology, other names) is the List of rivers of Europe#Longest rivers, second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia. It flows through Central and Southeastern Europe, from the Black Forest sou ...
, gradually establishing their posts, while the
Csanád County Csanád was an administrative county (Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary), comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now part of Hungary, except for a small area which is part of Romania. The capital of the county was Makó. Geography C ...
remained under the Hungarian rule. After the
Battle of Mohács The Battle of Mohács (; , ) took place on 29 August 1526 near Mohács, in the Kingdom of Hungary. It was fought between the forces of Hungary, led by King Louis II of Hungary, Louis II, and the invading Ottoman Empire, commanded by Suleima ...
(1526), an
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom The Eastern Hungarian Kingdom ( ) is a modern term coined by some historians to designate the realm of John Zápolya and his son John Sigismund Zápolya, who contested the claims of the House of Habsburg to rule the Kingdom of Hungary from 1526 ...
was created, becoming a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire, and encompassing the Csanád County. By 1536, the
Banate of Lugos and Karansebes Banate, officially the Municipality of Banate (, ), is a municipality in the province of Iloilo, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 33,376 people. The town is primarily a fishing and agricultural municipality, wit ...
was established further to the east, as a military frontier towards the Ottomans. In the same time, local magnate Petar Petrović (d. 1557) emerged as a semi-autonomous governor of the region, balancing between Hungarians and the Ottomans. During the Ottoman campaign in 1551-1552, the entire territory of the Csanád County was conquered and incorporated into the newly formed
Temeşvar Eyalet The Province of Temeşvar () was a first-level administrative unit (eyalet) of the Ottoman Empire. It existed from 1552 to 1716. Provincial administration was centered in ''Temeşvar'' (today's Timișoara) from 1552 to 1659, and again from 1693 t ...
. It was organized as the ''Sanjak of Çanad'', encompassing various regions on both sides of the river Mureș. In 1594-1595, those territories were also affected by the massive anti-Ottoman
Banat uprising The Uprising in Banat was a rebellion organized and led by Serbian Orthodox bishop Teodor of Vršac and Sava Temišvarac against the Ottomans in the Eyalet of Temeşvar. The uprising broke out in 1594, in the initial stage of the Long Turkish ...
of local Christians, mainly
Serbs The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are a South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to Southeastern Europe who share a common Serbian Cultural heritage, ancestry, Culture of Serbia, culture, History of Serbia, history, and Serbian lan ...
and
Romanians Romanians (, ; dated Endonym and exonym, exonym ''Vlachs'') are a Romance languages, Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation native to Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. Sharing a Culture of Romania, ...
. During the Habsburg-Ottoman War (1683-1699), much of the region was temporarily liberated, but under the
Treaty of Karlowitz The Treaty of Karlowitz, concluding the Great Turkish War of 1683–1699, in which the Ottoman Empire was defeated by the Holy League at the Battle of Zenta, was signed in Karlowitz, in the Military Frontier of the Habsburg Monarchy (present-day ...
(1699) the entire territory to the south of the river Mureș was returned to the Ottoman rule, while territories to the north were included into the newly formed Habsburg Military Frontier. In 1707, the ''Sanjak of Çanad'' was abolished, becoming a sub-district of the
Sanjak of Temeşvar A sanjak or sancak (, , "flag, banner") was an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans also sometimes called the sanjak a liva (, ) from the name's calque in Arabic and Persian. Banners were a common organization of nomadic ...
. In 1716, its territory was conquered by
Habsburg The House of Habsburg (; ), also known as the House of Austria, was one of the most powerful dynasties in the history of Europe and Western civilization. They were best known for their inbreeding and for ruling vast realms throughout Europe d ...
forces during the Habsburg-Ottoman War (1716–1718). In 1718, the Habsburgs formed a new province in this region, named the
Banat of Temeswar The Banat of Temeswar or Banat of Temes was a Habsburg province that existed between 1718 and 1778. It was located in the present day region of Banat, which was named after this province. The province was abolished in 1778 and the following ...
, that was encompassing much of the former ''Sanjak of Çanad''.


See also

*
Csanád County (medieval) The Csanád County or Chanad County or () was a county of the Kingdom of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. It was established after Csanád (the eponymous founder) had defeated Ajtony, and the bishopric of Csanád was founded in the 11th century. ...


References


Sources

* * * * * * * * * * Sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire in Europe States and territories established in the 16th century 1716 disestablishments in Europe History of Banat {{Ottoman-stub