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Sandovsky District (russian: Са́ндовский райо́н) is an administrative and municipalLaw #4-ZO district (
raion A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is co ...
), one of the thirty-six in
Tver Oblast Tver Oblast (russian: Тверска́я о́бласть, ''Tverskaya oblast'', ), from 1935 to 1990 known as Kalinin Oblast (), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Tver. It was named after Mikhai ...
,
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
. It is located in the northeast of the
oblast An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdom of ...
and borders with
Ustyuzhensky District Ustyuzhensky District (russian: У́стюженский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #371-OZ and municipalLaw #1126-OZ district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and bo ...
of
Vologda Oblast Vologda Oblast ( rus, Вологодская область, p=vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, r=Vologodskaya oblast, ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The Oblast has a population of 1,202,444 ...
in the north,
Vesyegonsky District Vesyegonsky District (russian: Весьего́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipalLaw #4-ZO district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders with Cher ...
in the northeast,
Molokovsky District Molokovsky District (russian: Молоко́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipalLaw #4-ZO district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders with Sandovs ...
in the southeast,
Maksatikhinsky District Maksatikhinsky District (russian: Макса́тихинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipalLaw #4-ZO district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders wit ...
in the south,
Lesnoy District Lesnoy District (russian: Лесно́й райо́н) is an administrative and municipalLaw #4-ZO district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders with Pestovsky District of ...
in the west, and with
Pestovsky District Pestovsky District (russian: Песто́вский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #559-OZ and municipalLaw #369-OZ district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast and borders with ...
of
Novgorod Oblast Novgorod Oblast (russian: Новгоро́дская о́бласть, ''Novgorodskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Veliky Novgorod. Some of the oldest Russian cities, including ...
in the northwest. The area of the district is . Its
administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
is the urban locality (an
urban-type settlement Urban-type settlementrussian: посёлок городско́го ти́па, translit=posyolok gorodskogo tipa, abbreviated: russian: п.г.т., translit=p.g.t.; ua, селище міського типу, translit=selyshche mis'koho typu, ab ...
) of Sandovo. Population: 6,811 ( 2010 Census); The population of Sandovo accounts for 51.5% of the district's total population.


Geography

The district lies fully in the basin of the
Mologa River The Mologa (russian: Моло́га) is a river in Maksatikhinsky, Bezhetsky, Lesnoy, and Sandovsky Districts of Tver Oblast, Pestovsky District in Novgorod Oblast, and Ustyuzhensky and Cherepovetsky Districts in Vologda Oblast Russia. It is ...
. The Mologa itself flows at the western border of the district, separating it from
Lesnoy District Lesnoy District (russian: Лесно́й райо́н) is an administrative and municipalLaw #4-ZO district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders with Pestovsky District of ...
. Rivers in the north and the west of the district drain directly into the Mologa, whereas rivers in the south and in the center of the district drain into the Melecha, which together with the
Mogocha Mogocha ( rus, Могоча, p=mɐˈgotɕə) is a town and the administrative center of Mogochinsky District in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, located northeast of Chita, the administrative center of the krai. Population: Etymology The name "Mogoch ...
forms the
Osen Osen is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Fosen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Steinsdalen. The municipality is the 240th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in No ...
, a right
tributary A tributary, or affluent, is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drainage ...
of the Mologa. The source of the Melecha lies within the district. Most of the district is covered by forests.


History

In the Medieval times, the territory of the modern district was populated with the Finnish peoples and later it was dependent on the
Novgorod Republic The Novgorod Republic was a medieval state that existed from the 12th to 15th centuries, stretching from the Gulf of Finland in the west to the northern Ural Mountains in the east, including the city of Novgorod and the Lake Ladoga regions of m ...
. In the end of the 15th century, together with Novgorod, it was annexed by the
Grand Duchy of Moscow The Grand Duchy of Moscow, Muscovite Russia, Muscovite Rus' or Grand Principality of Moscow (russian: Великое княжество Московское, Velikoye knyazhestvo Moskovskoye; also known in English simply as Muscovy from the Lati ...
and was a part of Bezhetsk pyatina, one of five ''
pyatina Pyatina (russian: пятина) was a first-level unit of administrative division of Novgorod Land. The name ''pyatina'' originates from the word russian: пять, which means "five". Novgorod Land was subdivided into five pyatinas. The division w ...
s'' Novgorod was administratively divided into. Under Vasily II, some of the lands were given to Stanislaw Melecki, a Polish noble converted to Russian Orthodox church. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by
Peter the Great Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from t ...
, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as
Saint Petersburg Governorate Saint Petersburg Governorate (russian: Санкт-Петербу́ргская губе́рния, ''Sankt-Peterburgskaya guberniya''), or Government of Saint Petersburg, was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia ...
), but in 1727 it was transferred to
Moscow Governorate Moscow Governorate (russian: Московская губерния; pre-reform Russian: ), or the Government of Moscow, was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR, which ...
. In 1775,
Tver Viceroyalty Tver Viceroyalty (russian: link=no, Тверское наместничество, ''Tverskoye namestnichestvo'') was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1775 until 1796. Its seat was in Tver. In 1796, it was tran ...
was formed from the lands which previously belonged to Moscow and
Novgorod Governorate Novgorod Governorate (Pre-reformed rus, Новгоро́дская губе́рнія, r=Novgorodskaya guberniya, p=ˈnofɡərətskəjə ɡʊˈbʲernʲɪjə, t=Government of Novgorod), was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Ru ...
s, and in 1776,
Vesyegonsky Uyezd Vesyegonsky Uyezd (''Весьегонский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Tver Governorate of the Russian Empire. Its capital was Vesyegonsk. Vesyegonsky Uyezd was located in the northeastern part of the governorate (mostly in pr ...
was established as a part of Tver Viceroyalty. Vesyegonsk was granted town rights. In 1796, the viceroyalty was transformed into
Tver Governorate Tver Governorate (russian: Тверская губерния, ''Tverskaya guberniya'') was an administrative division (a ''guberniya'') of the Russian Empire and Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, Russian SFSR, which existed from 1796 ...
and Vesyegonsky Uyezd was abolished; the territory was transferred to
Bezhetsky Uyezd Bezhetsky Uyezd (''Бежецкий уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Tver Governorate of the Russian Empire. Its capital was Bezhetsk. Bezhetsky Uyezd was situated in the eastern part of the governorate (in the eastern part of the pres ...
. In 1803, it was re-established. On April 25, 1921, Vesyegonsky Uyezd was transferred to newly established Rybinsk Governorate. On February 15, 1923, Rybinsk Governorate was abolished and the uyezd was transferred back to Tver Governorate. On July 12, 1929, the governorates and uyezds were abolished. Sandovsky District, with the
administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
in the '' selo'' of Sandovo, was established within
Bezhetsk Okrug Bezhetsk (russian: Бе́жецк) is a town and the administrative center of Bezhetsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the Mologa River at its confluence with the Ostrechina. Population: 29,000 (1967). It was previously known as ...
of
Moscow Oblast Moscow Oblast ( rus, Моско́вская о́бласть, r=Moskovskaya oblast', p=mɐˈskofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ), or Podmoskovye ( rus, Подмоско́вье, p=pədmɐˈskovʲjə, literally "under Moscow"), is a federal subject of Rus ...
. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. In 1932, the administrative center of the district was transferred to the village of Orudovo near Sandovo railway station, which eventually grew up into the settlement of Sandovo. On January 29, 1935,
Kalinin Oblast Tver Oblast (russian: Тверска́я о́бласть, ''Tverskaya oblast'', ), from 1935 to 1990 known as Kalinin Oblast (), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Tver. It was named after Mikhai ...
was established and Sandovsky District was transferred to it. In February 1963, during the abortive administrative reform by
Nikita Khrushchev Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and chairman of the country's Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. During his rule, Khrushchev s ...
, Sandovsky District was merged into Vesyegonsky District, but in January 1965 it was re-established. In 1967, Sandovo was granted
urban-type settlement Urban-type settlementrussian: посёлок городско́го ти́па, translit=posyolok gorodskogo tipa, abbreviated: russian: п.г.т., translit=p.g.t.; ua, селище міського типу, translit=selyshche mis'koho typu, ab ...
status. In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.


Economy


Industry

The district has enterprises of timber and food industries.


Agriculture

The main agricultural specializations in the district are cattle breeding with meat and milk production, as well as
flax Flax, also known as common flax or linseed, is a flowering plant, ''Linum usitatissimum'', in the family Linaceae. It is cultivated as a food and fiber crop in regions of the world with temperate climates. Textiles made from flax are known in ...
, vegetables, and potato growing. The agriculture is in deep crisis, with only one mid-size farm being profitable.


Transportation

A railway connecting
Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
and
Mga MGA can refer to: Transport *MGA, IATA code for Augusto C. Sandino International Airport (Managua International Airport) in Managua, Nicaragua *Monongahela Railway, a former coal-hauling short line railroad in the United States *The MG MGA, a pop ...
via
Sonkovo Sonkovo (russian: Сонко́во) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Sonkovsky District of Tver Oblast, Russia. Population: History Founded by the Russian Greek Orthodox Inkeriköt (Izhorians) in t ...
and Pestovo crosses the district from southeast to northwest. The major railway station is Sandovo. Sandovo is connected by road with
Krasny Kholm Krasny Kholm (russian: Красный Холм) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia. ;Urban localities *Krasny Kholm, Krasnokholmsky District, Tver Oblast, a town of district significance in Krasnokholmsky District of Tver Oblast ...
via Molokovo. Gravel roads run to
Vesyegonsk Vesyegonsk (russian: Весьего́нск) is a town and the administrative center of Vesyegonsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia. Population: The historical part of Vesyegonsk lies under the waters of the Rybinsk Reservoir. It was previousl ...
and
Ustyuzhna Ustyuzhna (russian: У́стюжна) is a town and the administrative center of Ustyuzhensky District in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the Mologa River, west of Vologda, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: History Consi ...
. There are also local roads, with bus traffic originating from Sandovo.


Culture and recreation

The district contains nineteen cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally eighteen objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The federal monuments include three estates, in the villages of Ladozhskoye, Tukhani, and Yuryevo. In Sandovo, there is a Bee Museum, which shows materials related to
beekeeping Beekeeping (or apiculture) is the maintenance of bee colonies, commonly in man-made beehives. Honey bees in the genus '' Apis'' are the most-commonly-kept species but other honey-producing bees such as ''Melipona'' stingless bees are also kept. ...
, a traditional occupation of local peasants. The museum was opened in 2007.


References


Notes


Sources

* * * {{Use mdy dates, date=April 2013 Districts of Tver Oblast States and territories established in 1929 States and territories disestablished in 1963 States and territories established in 1965