The San Francisco convention (sometimes called the Warren convention after an otherwise-unknown American bridge player with that surname) is a
slam seeking convention Slam-seeking conventions are codified artificial bids used in the card game contract bridge. Bidding and making a small slam (12 tricks) or grand slam (13 tricks) yields high bonuses ranging from 500 to 1500 points. However, the risk is also high a ...
in the game of
contract bridge
Contract bridge, or simply bridge, is a trick-taking card game using a standard 52-card deck. In its basic format, it is played by four players in two competing partnerships, with partners sitting opposite each other around a table. Millions ...
. It was devised in the 1930s, but soon became obsolete. The convention is of the type where one partner bids four notrump as an artificial inquiry, and the other partner shows high cards (aces and kings) using an agreed set of codified responses. (The
Blackwood convention In the partnership card game contract bridge, the Blackwood convention is a bidding convention developed by Easley Blackwood in 1933 and still widely used in the modern game. Its purpose is to enable the partnership to explore its possession of ac ...
and its variants have since the 1930s been the best-known example of this type.)
In the Blackwood convention family, aces (and in many variants the king of the agreed suit also) are treated as equal. The San Francisco convention uses a different approach. Responder to four notrump allots three points to each ace held and one point to each king, adds those values up, and bids thus:
* 5 : 0-2 points
* 5 : 3 points
* 5 : 4 points
* 5 : 5 points
* 5NT : 6 points
* and so on
Some of the responses are ambiguous. For example, 5 may show either zero or one or two kings; and 5 may show either one ace or three kings. Other responses are precise. For example, 5 can only show one ace and two kings. The ambiguity may often be more apparent than real; but that, and the imprecision of the responses as regards the location of high cards. and the space-consuming nature of the stronger responses, may be among the reasons why San Francisco was supplanted by Blackwood.
A more modern version of the San Francisco convention attempts to address the space issue in two ways. First, responder allocates two points to each ace held, not three.
[ ] Second, the range of the initial bid varies with the strength of the hand being asked. Each step thereafter still represents one additional point. Thus:
* 5 : 0 points, if a known weak hand, 0-4 if a known strong hand, and otherwise 0-2 points.
* 5 : 1 point, 5 points, or 3 points respectively.
There are additional follow up schemes for asking about specific aces. There does not appear to be a consistent enough standard to include them as part of the convention.
References
{{WPCBIndex
Bridge conventions