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San Bartolomeo in Pantano is a Romanesque and
San Bartolomeo in Pantano is a Romanesque and Gothic
Gothic or Gothics may refer to:
People and languages
*Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes
**Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths
**Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...
style, Roman Catholic
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...
church in Pistoia
Pistoia (, is a city and ''comune'' in the Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of a province of the same name, located about west and north of Florence and is crossed by the Ombrone Pistoiese, a tributary of the River Arno. It is a typi ...
, Tuscany
Tuscany ( ; it, Toscana ) is a Regions of Italy, region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence (''Firenze'').
Tuscany is known for its landscapes, history, art ...
, central Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
, dedicated to St. Bartholomew the Apostle
Bartholomew (Aramaic: ; grc, Βαρθολομαῖος, translit=Bartholomaîos; la, Bartholomaeus; arm, Բարթողիմէոս; cop, ⲃⲁⲣⲑⲟⲗⲟⲙⲉⲟⲥ; he, בר-תולמי, translit=bar-Tôlmay; ar, بَرثُولَماو ...
. The '' pantano'' of the name refers to the once marshy area in which the building was located.
History
The church and the adjacentBenedictine
, image = Medalla San Benito.PNG
, caption = Design on the obverse side of the Saint Benedict Medal
, abbreviation = OSB
, formation =
, motto = (English: 'Pray and Work')
, foun ...
abbey were founded during the Lombard domination of Italy, between 726 and 767, by the Lombard physician Gaiduald or Guidoaldo. The Benedictines were established under the protection of the Marquises of Tuscany
The March of Tuscany ( it, Marca di Tuscia; ) was a march of the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages. Located in northwestern central Italy, it bordered the Papal States to the south, the Ligurian Sea to the west and ...
. In 1001, the Marquis Ugo the Great died in the abbey. The complex was first restored in the 12th century by Abbot Buono.
In 1433 the Benedictines, whose numbers had dwindled, were replaced by Canons Regular of the Lateran
The Canons Regular of the Lateran (CRL), formally titled the Canons Regular of St. Augustine of the Congregation of the Most Holy Savior at the Lateran, is an international congregation of an order of canons regular, comprising priests and lay bro ...
, which were related to the Augustinian canons
Canons regular are priests who live in community under a rule ( and canon in greek) and are generally organised into religious orders, differing from both secular canons and other forms of religious life, such as clerics regular, designated by ...
. These were derived from the monastery associated with San Frediano. In the 17th-century, the monastery was given to the Vallumbrosan Order
The Vallombrosians (alternately spelled Vallombrosans, Vallumbrosians or Vallumbrosans) are a monastic Religious order (Catholic), religious order in the Catholic Church. They are named after the location of Vallombrosa Abbey, their motherhouse fou ...
, which remained here in 1810, the church then becoming a parish church.Tigri, page 191.
Description
The church gained its present appearance at the time of Buono in 1159, rebuilt in the Pistoiese Romanesque style. Characteristic of this style is the façade, divided into five compartments with arches supported by slender columns, and with a marble bichrome decoration. The portal in the facade is graced with notable Romanesque sculptures; thearchitrave
In classical architecture, an architrave (; from it, architrave "chief beam", also called an epistyle; from Greek ἐπίστυλον ''epistylon'' "door frame") is the lintel or beam that rests on the capitals of columns.
The term can ...
has a row of standing individuals in togas, depicting "Jesus with the Twelve Apostles" (dated to 1167). Above are two male lions, one atop a guarding a recumbant man, the other atop a bird. Above the portal is a latin script.
The interior was much changed over the centuries, but a restoration held in 1951-1961 brought it to the original appearance. In the apse was found a ''Christ in Majesty between Saints and Angels'' from the late 13th century, attributed to Manfredino d'Alberto
Manfredino di Alberto, also known as Manfredino d'Alberto or Manfredino da Pistoia was an Italians, Italian painters active during the 13th-century in Pistoia and Genoa.
He is said to have been born in Pistoia. In 1242, he painted frescoes, depi ...
. The pulpit sculpted in the mid 13th century by Guido da Como was also restored. The wooden crucifix in the high altar is from an unknown sculptor with a style resembling that of Giovanni Pisano
Giovanni Pisano (c. 1250 – c. 1315) was an Italian sculptor, painter and architect, who worked in the cities of Pisa, Siena and Pistoia. He is best known for his sculpture which shows the influence of both the French Gothic and the Ancient ...
.
See also
*San Pier Maggiore, Pistoia
San Pier Maggiore is an originally Romanesque architecture, Romanesque-style, former Roman Catholic church in Pistoia, region of Tuscany, Italy. The church is notable for polychrome decorations that partially decorate the ground floor of the exter ...
References