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Samuel Hirszenberg (also Schmul Hirschenberg) (
His first major work to attract attention was ''
In 1891, Hirszenberg returned to Poland. In 1893 he resettled in his hometown of Łódź. While the images of the early years, like the paintings ''Talmudic Studies'', ''Sabbathnachmittag'', ''
P. 44-45
File:Sanuel Hirszenberg The Sabbath Rest.jpg, ''The Sabbath Rest'' (1894)
File:Hirszenberg Capri.jpg, ''Capri'' (1901)
File:Samuel Hirszenberg, Cimetière juif, Lodz,1892.jpg, Jewish Cemetery (1892), Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme
File:Hirszenberg, Spinoza wyklêty (Excommunicated Spinoza), 1907.jpg,
Samuel Hirszenberg: eine biographische Skizze
iographical sketch, in German In: ''East and West'', vol. 2, issue 10. Columns 673-688. *
Samuel Hirszenberg
in ''Jewish Encyclopedia'', 1906. * Schwarz, Karl (1949).
Jewish Artists of the 19th and 20th Centuries
'. New York: Philosophical Library, 1949. P. 43-49.
Central Jewish LibraryAn artwork by Samuel Hirszenberg
at th
Ben Uri
site {{DEFAULTSORT:Hirszenberg, Samuel 1865 births 1908 deaths Artists from Łódź 19th-century Polish Jews Jewish painters Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts alumni Academy of Fine Arts, Munich alumni Académie Colarossi alumni Academic staff of Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design 19th-century Polish painters 19th-century Polish male artists Polish male painters
Łódź
Łódź, also rendered in English as Lodz, is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is located approximately south-west of Warsaw. The city's coat of arms is an example of cant ...
, February 22, 1865 – September 15, 1908, Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
) was a Polish-Jewish realist and later symbolist painter active in the late 19th and early 20th century.
Biography
Szmul (Samuel) Hirszenberg was born in 1865, the eldest son of a weaving mill worker inPolish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
Łódź. Against the will of his father, but thanks to the financial assistance of a doctor, he chose to be an artist. At the age of 15 he began his studies at the Academy of Fine Arts
The following is a list of notable art schools.
Accredited non-profit art and design colleges
* Adelaide Central School of Art
* Alberta College of Art and Design
* Art Academy of Cincinnati
* Art Center College of Design
* The Art Institute ...
in Kraków
Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...
, where he was heavily influenced by the realistic painting of Jan Matejko.
After two years of training in Kraków, he continued his studies from 1885-1889 at the Royal Academy of Arts in Munich
Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Ha ...
.
Art career
His first major work to attract attention was ''Yeshiva
A yeshiva (; he, ישיבה, , sitting; pl. , or ) is a traditional Jewish educational institution focused on the study of Rabbinic literature, primarily the Talmud and halacha (Jewish law), while Torah and Jewish philosophy are st ...
'' (1887). After an exhibition at the Kunstverein Munich (1889), he showed at the art exhibition in Paris and was awarded a silver medal. In Paris, he completed his artistic training at the Académie Colarossi.
In 1891, Hirszenberg returned to Poland. In 1893 he resettled in his hometown of Łódź. While the images of the early years, like the paintings ''Talmudic Studies'', ''Sabbathnachmittag'', ''Uriel Acosta
Uriel da Costa (; also Acosta or d'Acosta; c. 1585 – April 1640) was a Portuguese philosopher and skeptic who was born Christian, but returned to Judaism and ended up questioning the Catholic and Rabbinic Judaism, rabbinic institutions of his ti ...
'', and ''The Jewish cemetery'' show a certain kinship with the Jewish genre
Genre () is any form or type of communication in any mode (written, spoken, digital, artistic, etc.) with socially-agreed-upon conventions developed over time. In popular usage, it normally describes a category of literature, music, or other for ...
painting by Leopold Horowitz, Isidor Kaufmann
Isidor Kaufmann ( hu, Kaufman(n) Izidor, he, איזידור קאופמן; 22 March 1853 in Arad – 1921 in Vienna) was an Austro-Hungarian painter of Jewish themes. Having devoted his career to genre painting, he traveled throughout Easte ...
, and Maurycy Gottlieb
Maurycy Gottlieb ; 21/28 February 1856 – 17 July 1879) was a Polish realist painter of the Romantic period. Considered one of the most talented students of Jan Matejko, Gottllieb died at the age of 23.
Career
Gottlieb was born in Drohobycz ...
, his later works can be rather assigned to the symbolism. Themes of the "tearful" Jewish history came to the fore. Noteworthy are the three most famous pictures of this period: ''The Wandering Jew
The Wandering Jew is a mythical immortal man whose legend began to spread in Europe in the 13th century. In the original legend, a Jew who taunted Jesus on the way to the Crucifixion was then cursed to walk the Earth until the Second Coming. ...
'' (1899), '' Exile'' (1904), and ''Czarny Sztandar / Black Flag'' (1905).
In 1900, after working on a large painting, "The Eternal Jew," for over four years, it was exhibited in the Paris Salon. Disappointed by the poor response in Paris Munich and Berlin, he retired for health reasons.
In 1901, he went for a year on a trip to Italy. In 1904, Hirszenberg moved to Kraków. In 1907, he immigrated
Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle as permanent residents or naturalized citizens. Commuters, tourists, and ...
to Israel and began to work as a lecturer at the newly founded Bezalel School
The Bezalel school was an art movement in Palestine in the late Ottoman and British Mandate periods. Named for the Bezalel Art School, predecessor of the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design, it has been described as "a fusion of oriental art and ...
in Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
, headed by Boris Schatz
Boris Schatz ( he, בוריס שץ; 23 December 1866 – 23 March 1932) was a Lithuanian Jewish artist and sculptor who settled in Israel. Schatz, who became known as the "father of Israeli art," founded the Bezalel School in Jerusalem. After ...
. After a short and intense creative period, he died in 1908 in Jerusalem.Schwarz (1949)P. 44-45
Selected paintings
Spinoza
Baruch (de) Spinoza (born Bento de Espinosa; later as an author and a correspondent ''Benedictus de Spinoza'', anglicized to ''Benedict de Spinoza''; 24 November 1632 – 21 February 1677) was a Dutch philosopher of Portuguese-Jewish origin, ...
, Excommunicated
File:Dome of the rock, 1908 by Samuel Hirszenberg.jpg, ''Dome of the rock'', Tel Aviv Museum of Art
Tel Aviv Museum of Art ( he, מוזיאון תל אביב לאמנות ''Muzeon Tel Aviv Leomanut'') is an art museum in Tel Aviv, Israel. The museum is dedicated to the preservation and display of modern and contemporary art from Israel and aroun ...
, 1908
See also
*Israeli art
Visual arts in Israel refers to plastic art created first in the region of Palestine, from the later part of the 19th century until 1948 and subsequently in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories by Israeli artists. Visual art in Israel ...
* Maurycy Trębacz
Maurycy Trębacz (May 3, 1861 – January 29, 1941) was one of the most popular Jewish painters in Poland in the late 19th and early 20th century. Many of his paintings were lost in the Holocaust, but a representative selection of his artwork surv ...
(1861–1941), Polish-Jewish painter.
References
Further reading
* Cohen, Richard I. (1998). ''Jewish icons: art and society in modern Europe''. Berkeley: University of California Press. . P. 223-235. * Goodman, Susan Tumarkin (2001). ''The Emergence of Jewish Artists in Nineteenth-Century Europe.'' London; New York: Merrell. . * Ruth (1902).Samuel Hirszenberg: eine biographische Skizze
iographical sketch, in German In: ''East and West'', vol. 2, issue 10. Columns 673-688. *
Samuel Hirszenberg
in ''Jewish Encyclopedia'', 1906. * Schwarz, Karl (1949).
Jewish Artists of the 19th and 20th Centuries
'. New York: Philosophical Library, 1949. P. 43-49.
External links
* Hirszenberg's works iCentral Jewish Library
at th
Ben Uri
site {{DEFAULTSORT:Hirszenberg, Samuel 1865 births 1908 deaths Artists from Łódź 19th-century Polish Jews Jewish painters Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts alumni Academy of Fine Arts, Munich alumni Académie Colarossi alumni Academic staff of Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design 19th-century Polish painters 19th-century Polish male artists Polish male painters