Samoidae is a family of the

harvestman The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an order of arachnids colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs. , over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total number of ext ...

infraorder

Grassatores The Grassatores are the most diverse infraorder of the Laniatores. It includes over 3,500 species distributed mainly in the tropicsKury, A.B.(2003). Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). '' Revista Ibéri ...

with about fifty described species. (2007): Samoidae. Sørensen, 1886. In: Pinto-da-Rocha ''et al.'' 2007: 224ff

Description

The body length of members of this family ranges from about two to almost six millimeters. They are dull light brown to yellow or green yellow with darker mottling, and sometimes dark brown.

Distribution

Samoidae from

Polynesia Polynesia () "many" and νῆσος () "island"), to, Polinisia; mi, Porinihia; haw, Polenekia; fj, Polinisia; sm, Polenisia; rar, Porinetia; ty, Pōrīnetia; tvl, Polenisia; tkl, Polenihia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania, made up of ...

Melanesia Melanesia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It extends from Indonesia's New Guinea in the west to Fiji in the east, and includes the Arafura Sea. The region includes the four independent countries of Fiji, Va ...

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

, the

West Indies The West Indies is a subregion of North America, surrounded by the North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea that includes 13 independent island countries and 18 dependencies and other territories in three major archipelagos: the Greater A ...

and

Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...

are all remarkably similar, while the species from

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...

Seychelles Seychelles (, ; ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (french: link=no, République des Seychelles; Creole: ''La Repiblik Sesel''), is an archipelagic state consisting of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, V ...

and

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

do at least in part not belong to this family.

Relationships

The relationship with other families in the

Samooidea Samooidea is a large superfamily in the Grassatores group of harvestmen. It includes around 380 species distributed throughout the tropics. They are characterized by the complex male genitalia, with eversible complementary sclerites. The Samooid ...

is not yet understood.

Name

The name of the type genus is derived from the type locality

Samoa Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa; sm, Sāmoa, and until 1997 known as Western Samoa, is a Polynesian island country consisting of two main islands (Savai'i and Upolu); two smaller, inhabited islands (Manono Island, Manono an ...

Species

* '' Akdalima'' Silhavy, 1977 :* '' Akdalima jamaicana'' V. Silhavy, 1979 —

Jamaica Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of His ...

:* '' Akdalima vomeroi'' Silhavy, 1977 —

* '' Arganotus'' Silhavy, 1977 :* '' Arganotus macrochelis'' (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1953) — Mexico :* '' Arganotus robustus'' V. Silhavy, 1979 —

Haiti Haiti (; ht, Ayiti ; French: ), officially the Republic of Haiti (); ) and formerly known as Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and ...

:* '' Arganotus strinatii'' V. Silhavy, 1979 —

Guatemala Guatemala ( ; ), officially the Republic of Guatemala ( es, República de Guatemala, links=no), is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico; to the northeast by Belize and the Caribbean; to the east by H ...

* '' Badessa'' Sørensen, in L. Koch 1886 :* ''

Badessa ampycoides Badessa may refer to: * Badessa, Oromia, a town in the Oromia region of Ethiopia * Bedessa, Wolaita, a town in the SNNPR region of Ethiopia * ''Badessa'' (harvestman), a genus of arachnids in the family Samoidae See also * Badesse, a village in ...

'' Sørensen, in L. Koch 1886 —

Fiji Fiji ( , ,; fj, Viti, ; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, ''Fijī''), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about north-northeast of New Zealand. Fiji consists ...

* '' Badessania'' Roewer, 1949 :* '' Badessania metatarsalis'' Roewer, 1949 —

New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...

* '' Benoitinus'' M. Rambla, 1983 :* '' Benoitinus elegans'' M. Rambla, 1983 —

* '' Cornigera'' M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 :* '' Cornigera flava'' M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 —

* ''

Feretrius The numerous epithets of Jupiter indicate the importance and variety of the god's cult in ancient Roman religion. Capitoline cult Jupiter's most ancient attested forms of cult are those of the state. The most important of his sanctuaries in Rome ...

'' Simon, 1879 :* '' Feretrius quadrioculatus'' (L. Koch, 1865) —

* '' Fijicolana'' Roewer, 1963 :* '' Fijicolana tuberculata'' Roewer, 1963 —

* '' Hovanoceros'' Lawrence, 1959 :* '' Hovanoceros bison'' Lawrence, 1959 * '' Hummelinckiolus'' V. Silhavy, 1979 :* '' Hummelinckiolus parvus'' V. Silhavy, 1979 —

Leeward Islands french: Îles-Sous-le-Vent , image_name = , image_caption = ''Political'' Leeward Islands. Clockwise: Antigua and Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Saint kitts and Nevis. , image_alt = , locator_map = , location = Caribbean SeaNorth Atlantic Ocean , coor ...

(

Guadeloupe Guadeloupe (; ; gcf, label=Antillean Creole, Gwadloup, ) is an archipelago and overseas department and region of France in the Caribbean. It consists of six inhabited islands—Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, Marie-Galante, La Désirade, and the ...

Montserrat Montserrat ( ) is a British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean. It is part of the Leeward Islands, the northern portion of the Lesser Antilles chain of the West Indies. Montserrat is about long and wide, with r ...

St. Kitts Saint Kitts, officially the Saint Christopher Island, is an island in the West Indies. The west side of the island borders the Caribbean Sea, and the eastern coast faces the Atlantic Ocean. Saint Kitts and the neighbouring island of Nevis cons ...

Nevis Nevis is a small island in the Caribbean Sea that forms part of the inner arc of the Leeward Islands chain of the West Indies. Nevis and the neighbouring island of Saint Kitts constitute one country: the Federation of Saint Kitts and Ne ...

) :* † '' Hummelinckiolus silhavyi'' Cokendolpher & Poinar, 1998 — fossil:

Dominican amber Dominican amber is amber from the Dominican Republic derived from resin of the extinct tree ''Hymenaea protera''. Dominican amber differentiates itself from Baltic amber by being nearly always transparent, and it has a higher number of fossil incl ...

* '' Kalominua'' Sørensen, 1932 — Venezuela :* '' Kalominua alta'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987) :* '' Kalominua bicolor'' Sørensen, 1932 :* '' Kalominua bromeliaca'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987) :* '' Kalominua inermichela'' (H. E. M. Soares & S. Avram, 1981) :* '' Kalominua leonensis'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987) :* '' Kalominua manueli'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987) :* '' Kalominua minuta'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987) :* '' Kalominua tiarensis'' (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987) * '' Malgaceros'' Lawrence, 1959 :* '' Malgaceros boviceps'' Lawrence, 1959 * '' Maracaynatum'' Roewer, 1949 :* '' Maracaynatum cubanum'' V. Silhavy, 1979 —

Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...

:* '' Maracaynatum linaresi'' (H. E. M. Soares & S. Avram, 1981) — Venezuela :* '' Maracaynatum mariaeteresae'' M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela :* '' Maracaynatum orchidearum'' Roewer, 1949 — Venezuela :* '' Maracaynatum stridulans'' V. Silhavy, 1979 — Cuba :* '' Maracaynatum trinidadense'' V. Silhavy, 1979 —

Trinidad Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands of Trinidad and Tobago. The island lies off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America. It is often referred to as the southernmos ...

* '' Microconomma'' Roewer, 1915 :* '' Microconomma armatipes'' Roewer, 1915 —

Cameroon Cameroon (; french: Cameroun, ff, Kamerun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (french: République du Cameroun, links=no), is a country in west-central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the C ...

* '' Mitraceras'' Loman, 1902 — Seychelles :* '' Mitraceras crassipalpum'' Loman, 1902 :* '' Mitraceras pulchra'' M. Rambla, 1983 * '' Neocynortina'' Goodnight & Goodnight, 1983 :* '' Neocynortina dixoni'' Goodnight & Goodnight, 1983 —

Costa Rica Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ...

* '' Orsa'' V. Silhavy, 1979 :* '' Orsa daphne'' V. Silhavy, 1979 — Haiti * '' Parasamoa'' Goodnight & Goodnight, 1957 :* '' Parasamoa gressitti'' Goodnight & Goodnight, 1957 * '' Pellobunus'' Banks, 1905 :* '' Pellobunus camburalesi'' M. Rambla, 1978 — Venezuela :* '' Pellobunus haitiensis'' (V. Silhavy, 1979) — Haiti :* '' Pellobunus insularis'' Banks, 1905 — Costa Rica,

Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Cos ...

:* '' Pellobunus insulcatus'' (Roewer, 1954) —

El Salvador El Salvador (; , meaning " The Saviour"), officially the Republic of El Salvador ( es, República de El Salvador), is a country in Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south b ...

:* '' Pellobunus longipalpus'' Goodnight & Goodnight, 1947 — Trinidad :* '' Pellobunus mexicanus'' Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971 — Mexico :* † '' Pellobunus proavus'' J. C. Cokendolpher, 1987 — fossil: Dominican amber :* '' Pellobunus trispinatus'' Goodnight & Goodnight, 1947 — Trinidad * '' Reventula'' V. Silhavy, 1979 :* '' Reventula amabilis'' V. Silhavy, 1979 — Jamaica * ''

'' Sørensen, in L. Koch 1886 :* '' Samoa variabilis'' Sørensen, in L. Koch 1886 —

:* '' Samoa obscura'' Sørensen, in L. Koch 1886 — Samoa :* ''

Samoa sechellana Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa; sm, Sāmoa, and until 1997 known as Western Samoa, is a Polynesian island country consisting of two main islands ( Savai'i and Upolu); two smaller, inhabited islands ( Manono and Apolima); a ...

'' M. Rambla, 1983 — Seychelles * '' Sawaiellus'' Roewer, 1949 :* '' Sawaiellus berlandi'' Roewer, 1949 — Samoa * '' Tetebius'' Roewer, 1949 :* '' Tetebius latibunus'' Roewer, 1949 —

Tete Tete is the capital city of Tete Province in Mozambique. It is located on the Zambezi River, and is the site of two of the four bridges crossing the river in Mozambique. A Swahili trade center before the Portuguese colonial era, Tete continues ...

Mozambique Mozambique (), officially the Republic of Mozambique ( pt, Moçambique or , ; ny, Mozambiki; sw, Msumbiji; ts, Muzambhiki), is a country located in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi ...

* '' Vlachiolus'' V. Silhavy, 1979 :* '' Vlachiolus vojtechi'' V. Silhavy, 1979 — Cuba * '' Waigeucola'' Roewer, 1949 :* '' Waigeucola palpalis'' Roewer, 1949 —

Footnotes

References

* 's Biology Catalog
Samoidae
* (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. ''Harvard University Press'' {{Taxonbar, from=Q3111035 Harvestmen Arachnids of Africa Harvestman families