''Salvia splendens'', the scarlet sage, is a tender

herbaceous Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition of t ...

perennial plant A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also wide ...

native Native may refer to: People * Jus soli, citizenship by right of birth * Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory ** Native Americans (disambiguation) In arts and entert ...

to Brazil, growing at elevation where it is warm year-round and with high humidity. The wild form, rarely seen in cultivation, reaches tall. Smaller cultivars are very popular as bedding plants, seen in shopping malls and public gardens all over the world.Mark Griffiths, Editor. ''Index of Garden Plants'', 2nd American Edition. (Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, 1995. .)

Taxonomy

''Salvia splendens'' was first described and named in 1822. At that time it was given the common name "Lee's scarlet sage". Before the plant was selected to become dwarf in size, an early Dutch selection named 'Van Houttei' was chosen and is still popular in the horticulture trade.

Description

The native type is rarely used or described, though it grew from in height. Its leaves are in even, elliptical arrangements, 7 × 5 cm, with

dentate Dentate may refer to: * A species having dentition * An energy-dissipating baffle block in a spillway * An individual not being edentulous * Dentate gyrus of the hippocampus * Dentate nucleus of the cerebellum * Denticity in chemistry * Dentat ...

margin and they have long petioles. It may branched, where its upper branches are finely hairy and in the lower parts though hairless. Flowers in erect spikes that sprout from the centre of the plant in groups of 2 to 6 together in each leaf

node In general, a node is a localized swelling (a "knot") or a point of intersection (a vertex). Node may refer to: In mathematics *Vertex (graph theory), a vertex in a mathematical graph *Vertex (geometry), a point where two or more curves, lines, ...

; scarlet, tubular or bell-shaped, 35 mm long, with two lobes towards the apex; the upper lobe is 13 mm long. It flowers a good part of summer and autumn.

Cultivation

It is widely grown as an

ornamental plant Ornamental plants or garden plants are plants that are primarily grown for their beauty but also for qualities such as scent or how they shape physical space. Many flowering plants and garden varieties tend to be specially bred cultivars that i ...

, with a large number of cultivars selected by different colours from white to dark purple. It is a subtropical species that does not survive freezing temperatures, but can grow in cold climates as an

annual plant An annual plant is a plant that completes its life cycle, from germination to the production of seeds, within one growing season, and then dies. The length of growing seasons and period in which they take place vary according to geographical ...

. The most common selections are the dwarf sizes that go by names such as 'Sizzler' and 'Salsa', and planted en masse in gardens and malls. 'Van Houttei' reaches in height. The various types typically have red flowers.

Cultivars

Named cultivars include: *''S. splendens'' 'Alba', with white flowers *'Atropurpurea', with dark violet to purple flowers *'Atrosanguinea', flowers dark red *'Bicolor', flowers white and red *'Bruantii', small, with red flowers *'Compacta', small, flowers in dense racemes, white or red *'Grandiflora', large, with large red flowers *'Issanchon', small, with white flowers striped pink to red *'Nana', an early-flowering cultivar, with red blossoms *'Scarlet Pygmy', a very dwarf, early flowering seed race with intense scarlet blossoms *'Semperflorens', continuous flowering *'Souchetii', small, with white or red flowers *'St. John's Fire', dwarf plants with dense, abundant, scarlet, early-flowering, long-lasting blossoms *'Violacea', flowers dark violet to purple. The cultivars 'Vanguard' and 'Van-Houttei' have gained the

Royal Horticultural Society The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity. The RHS promotes horticulture through its five gardens at Wisley (Surrey), Hyde Hall (Essex), Harlow Carr (Nort ...

Award of Garden Merit The Award of Garden Merit (AGM) is a long-established annual award for plants by the British Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). It is based on assessment of the plants' performance under UK growing conditions. History The Award of Garden Merit ...

References

External links

UC Berkeley: Observations on ''Salvia splendens''
{{Taxonbar, from=Q161080 splendens Flora of Brazil Medicinal plants Plants used in traditional Chinese medicine Garden plants of South America