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Salvadori's pheasant (''Lophura inornata'') is a landfowl
bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweigh ...
of
genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
'' Lophura'', native to
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
. It is found in the mountain rainforests of
Sumatra Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent i ...
. Thus it is also known as the Sumatran pheasant. The
Hoogerwerf's pheasant Hoogerwerf's pheasant (''Lophura inornata hoogerwerfi''), also known as the Aceh pheasant or Sumatran pheasant is a medium-sized, up to long, bird of the family Phasianidae. The name commemorates the Dutch ornithologist and taxidermist Andries ...
is usually thought to be a subspecies. This bird was first described in 1879 by the Italian ornithologist
Tommaso Salvadori Count Adelardo Tommaso Salvadori Paleotti (30 September 1835 – 9 October 1923) was an Italian zoologist and ornithologist. Biography Salvadori was born in Porto San Giorgio, son of Count Luigi Salvadori and Ethelyn Welby, who was English. His ...
. The species name ''inornata'' means "without ornament". This species is classified as "
near threatened A near-threatened species is a species which has been categorized as "Near Threatened" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as that may be vulnerable to endangerment in the near future, but it does not currently qualify fo ...
" by the
IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ...
because of the reduction in its population size caused by the destruction of its habitat and hunting.


Description

The male and female Salvadori's pheasant are quite unlike each other in appearance, and in fact the male bird is very similar to the female
crestless fireback The crestless fireback (''Lophura erythrophthalma'') is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened ...
(''Lophura erythrophthalma''). The male Salvadori's pheasant is in length and is plain black, with a bluish fringe to the feathers of body and neck. The tail is short and rounded. The beak is whitish-green and the iris orange-red. There is a yellowish-green or grey-green ring of bare skin round the eye, and the rest of the bare facial skin is bright red. The legs are greyish-blue with a strong spur. The female is slightly shorter and has no spur. Her colour is reddish-brown, each feather having fine black speckling and a pale streak by the shaft, giving her a mottled look. The throat is paler brown and the tail is blackish-brown. Juveniles are similar to females but the feathers are edged with pale buff giving a scaled effect. The principle differences between the male Salvadori's pheasant and the female crestless fireback is that the former is longer, has a pale bill and holds the tail lowered while the latter is more robust, has a black beak and tends to keep the tail cocked. Also, Salvadori's pheasant occurs at higher altitudes in Sumatra than the crestless fireback.


Distribution and habitat

Salvadori's pheasant is
endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...
to Sumatra, Indonesia, where it is found at altitudes between about . There are two subspecies; ''L. i. inornata'' being relatively common and known from many locations in the centre and south of the
Barisan Mountains The Bukit Barisan or the Barisan Mountains are a mountain range on the western side of Sumatra, Indonesia, covering nearly 1,700 km (1,050 mi) from the north to the south of the island. The Bukit Barisan range consists primarily of volca ...
, while ''L. i. hoogerwerfi'',
Hoogerwerf's pheasant Hoogerwerf's pheasant (''Lophura inornata hoogerwerfi''), also known as the Aceh pheasant or Sumatran pheasant is a medium-sized, up to long, bird of the family Phasianidae. The name commemorates the Dutch ornithologist and taxidermist Andries ...
, is restricted to the northern part of the mountains and has been seen infrequently.


Status

''L. inornata'' is classified by the
International Union for Conservation of Nature The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ...
as a "
near-threatened species A near-threatened species is a species which has been categorized as "Near Threatened" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as that may be vulnerable to endangerment in the near future, but it does not currently qualify fo ...
". This is because the total population is thought to be trending downwards, it being estimated that there are between five thousand and twenty thousand individuals in total, and the bird's habitat is being degraded by the clearing of its forest home for illegal agricultural activities. Some birds are hunted and a few have appeared on sale in local markets, the vendors admitting that they had been poached from the
Gunung Leuser National Park Gunung Leuser National Park is a national park covering 7,927 km2 in northern Sumatra, Indonesia, straddling the border of North Sumatra and Aceh provinces, a fourth portion and three-fourths portion, respectively. The national park, settled ...
.


References


External links


BirdLife Species Factsheet
* gbwf.org â€


Oriental Bird Images: ''Salvadori's Pheasant''
Selected images {{Taxonbar, from=Q1050508
Salvadori's pheasant Salvadori's pheasant (''Lophura inornata'') is a landfowl bird of genus '' Lophura'', native to Indonesia. It is found in the mountain rainforests of Sumatra. Thus it is also known as the Sumatran pheasant. The Hoogerwerf's pheasant is usually ...
Birds of Sumatra Endemic fauna of Sumatra
Salvadori's pheasant Salvadori's pheasant (''Lophura inornata'') is a landfowl bird of genus '' Lophura'', native to Indonesia. It is found in the mountain rainforests of Sumatra. Thus it is also known as the Sumatran pheasant. The Hoogerwerf's pheasant is usually ...