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Saline water (more commonly known as salt water) is water that contains a high concentration of dissolved salts (mainly
At , saturated sodium chloride brine is about 28% salt by weight. At , brine can only hold about 26% salt. At 20 °C one liter of water can dissolve about 357 grams of salt, a concentration of 26.3%.
The thermal conductivity of seawater (3.5% dissolved salt by weight) is 0.6 W/mK at . The thermal conductivity decreases with increasing salinity and increases with increasing temperature.
The salt content can be determined with a salinometer.
Density ''ρ'' of brine at various concentrations and temperatures from can be approximated with a linear equation:
where the values of an are:
sodium chloride
Sodium chloride , commonly known as salt (although sea salt also contains other chemical salts), is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. With molar masses of 22.99 and 35.45 g ...
). On the United States Geological Survey (USGS) salinity
Salinity () is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal ...
scale, saline water is saltier than brackish water, but less salty than brine
Brine is a high-concentration solution of salt (NaCl) in water (H2O). In diverse contexts, ''brine'' may refer to the salt solutions ranging from about 3.5% (a typical concentration of seawater, on the lower end of that of solutions used for br ...
. The salt concentration is usually expressed in parts per thousand (permille, ‰) and parts per million (ppm). The USGS salinity scale defines three levels of saline water. The salt concentration in slightly saline water is 1,000 to 3,000 ppm (0.1–0.3%); in moderately saline water is 3,000 to 10,000 ppm (0.3–1%); and in highly saline water is 10,000 to 35,000 ppm (1–3.5%). Seawater has a salinity of roughly 35,000 ppm, equivalent to 35 grams of salt per one liter (or kilogram) of water. The saturation level is only nominally dependent on the temperature of the water. At one liter of water can dissolve about 357 grams of salt, a concentration of 26.3% w/w. At boiling () the amount that can be dissolved in one liter of water increases to about 391 grams, a concentration of 28.1% w/w.
Properties
At , saturated sodium chloride brine is about 28% salt by weight. At , brine can only hold about 26% salt. At 20 °C one liter of water can dissolve about 357 grams of salt, a concentration of 26.3%.
The thermal conductivity of seawater (3.5% dissolved salt by weight) is 0.6 W/mK at . The thermal conductivity decreases with increasing salinity and increases with increasing temperature.
The salt content can be determined with a salinometer.
Density ''ρ'' of brine at various concentrations and temperatures from can be approximated with a linear equation:
where the values of an are:
Electrolysis
About four percent of hydrogen gas produced worldwide is created byelectrolysis
In chemistry and manufacturing, electrolysis is a technique that uses direct electric current (DC) to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction. Electrolysis is commercially important as a stage in the separation of elements from n ...
. The majority of this hydrogen produced through electrolysis is a side product in the production of chlorine.
*2 NaCl(aq) + 2 H2O(l) → 2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g) + Cl2(g)
See also
* Brackish water *Brine
Brine is a high-concentration solution of salt (NaCl) in water (H2O). In diverse contexts, ''brine'' may refer to the salt solutions ranging from about 3.5% (a typical concentration of seawater, on the lower end of that of solutions used for br ...
* Salinity
Salinity () is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal ...
* Seawater
References
External links
{{Authority control Liquid water Solutions