Salomon Stricker (1 January 1834 – 2 April 1898) was an Austrian

pathologist Pathology is the study of the causal, causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when us ...

and histologist.

Career

Stricker was born in Waag-Neustadtl (Hungarian: Vágújhely, now Nové Mesto nad Váhom in

Slovakia Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the s ...

). He studied at the

University of Vienna The University of Vienna (german: Universität Wien) is a public research university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world. With its long and rich histor ...

, and subsequently became a research assistant at the Institute of

Physiology Physiology (; ) is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical ...

under Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke. Later he became head of the Institute of General and Experimental Pathology in Vienna. Stricker is remembered for his extensive studies in the fields of

histology Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology which studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures vis ...

and experimental pathology, and is credited with making discoveries involving the

diapedesis Leukocyte extravasation (also commonly known as leukocyte adhesion cascade or diapedesis – the passage of cells through the intact vessel wall) is the movement of leukocytes out of the circulatory system and towards the site of tissue damage or ...

erythrocyte Red blood cells (RBCs), also referred to as red cells, red blood corpuscles (in humans or other animals not having nucleus in red blood cells), haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes (from Greek ''erythros'' for "red" and ''kytos'' for "holl ...

s and the contractility of

vascular The blood vessels are the components of the circulatory system that transport blood throughout the human body. These vessels transport blood cells, nutrients, and oxygen to the tissues of the body. They also take waste and carbon dioxide away f ...

walls. He also made contributions in his research of

cell division Cell division is the process by which a parent cell (biology), cell divides into two daughter cells. Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle in which the cell grows and replicates its chromosome(s) before dividing. In eukar ...

in vivo Studies that are ''in vivo'' (Latin for "within the living"; often not italicized in English) are those in which the effects of various biological entities are tested on whole, living organisms or cells, usually animals, including humans, and ...

, on the histology of the

cornea The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Along with the anterior chamber and lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power ...

, and on the relationship of cells to the

extracellular matrix In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM), also called intercellular matrix, is a three-dimensional network consisting of extracellular macromolecules and minerals, such as collagen, enzymes, glycoproteins and hydroxyapatite that provide stru ...

. Among his written works is the ', a two-volume textbook that contains Stricker's essays on histology, along with treatises from several other prominent physicians and scientists, such as

Max Schultze Max Johann Sigismund Schultze (25 March 1825 – 16 January 1874) was a German microscopic anatomist noted for his work on cell theory. Biography Schultze was born in Freiburg im Breisgau (Baden). He studied medicine at Greifswald and Berlin, and ...

, Wilhelm Kühne,

Joseph von Gerlach Joseph von Gerlach (3 April 1820 – 17 December 1896) was a German professor of anatomy at the University of Erlangen. He was a native of Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate. Gerlach was a pioneer of histological staining and anatomical micrography. I ...

Siegmund Mayer Siegmund Mayer (December 27, 1842 – September, 1910) was a German physiologist and histologist. Mayer was born in Bechtheim in Rhenish Hesse. He studied at the Universities of Heidelberg, Giessen and Tübingen, where in 1865 he obtained his ...

Heinrich Wilhelm Waldeyer Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz (6 October 1836 – 23 January 1921) was a German anatomist, known for summarizing neuron theory and for naming the chromosome. He is also remembered by anatomical structures of the human body which ...

, Theodor Meynert, Ewald Hering, ''et al''. During its time, it was considered one of the greatest textbooks concerning histology. Stricker was also the author of a number of philosophical works. In his landmark ''

The Interpretation of Dreams ''The Interpretation of Dreams'' (german: Die Traumdeutung) is an 1899 book by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, in which the author introduces his theory of the unconscious with respect to dream interpretation, and discusses what w ...

'',

Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud ( , ; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating psychopathology, pathologies explained as originatin ...

discusses a passage in Stricker's ''Studien über das Bewusstsein'' regarding the expression of affect in dreams (e.g. fear, joy) and the dream's ideational content, and how these two elements compare to the ideational/affective dynamic in an awake state. In his book, Stricker uses as an example: "If I am afraid of robbers in my dreams, the robbers, to be sure, are imaginary, but the fear of them is real".''The Interpretation of Dreams''
by Sigmund Freud It was at Stricker's institute that

ophthalmologist Ophthalmology ( ) is a surgery, surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders. An ophthalmologist is a physician who undergoes subspecialty training in medical and surgical eye care. Followin ...

Karl Koller, at the suggestion of Freud, began his experimentation with

cocaine Cocaine (from , from , ultimately from Quechuan languages, Quechua: ''kúka'') is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant mainly recreational drug use, used recreationally for its euphoria, euphoric effects. It is primarily obtained from t ...

as a local anaesthetic. Stricker died in Vienna, aged 64.

Selected publications

* ''Handbuch der Lehre von den Geweben des Menschen und der Thiere'' (Textbook on the doctrine of tissues of humans and animals), (1871–73) * ''Vorlesungen über allgemeine und experimentelle Pathologie'' (Lectures on general and experimental pathology), (1877–83) * ''Studien über das Bewusstsein'' (Studies on consciousness), (1879) * ''Studien über die Sprachvorstellungen'' (Studies on language performances), (1880) * ''Über die Bewegungsvorstellungen'' (1882) * ''Studien über die Association der Vorstellungen'' (Studies on the association of ideas), 1883 * ''Physiologie des Rechts'', (1884). From 1871 to 1880, Stricker was editor of the ''Medicinischen Jahrbücher''.

References

History of the Department of Pathophysiology, University of Vienna

Stricker, Salomon
''

Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon or was a major encyclopedia in the German language that existed in various editions, and by several titles, from 1839 to 1984, when it merged with the . Joseph Meyer (1796–1856), who had founded the publishing house in 1826, intended to i ...

External links

* ''Jewish Encyclopedia''
“Stricker, Salomon”
by Isidore Singer & Frederick Haneman, 1906. *'
Volume 1Volume 2''The Interpretation of Dreams''
by Sigmund Freud, the Affects in Dreams p. 226 {{DEFAULTSORT:Stricker, Salomon Academic staff of the University of Vienna University of Vienna alumni Austrian pathologists Austrian histologists Hungarian pathologists Hungarian histologists Jewish physicians People from Nové Mesto nad Váhom 19th-century Austrian people 19th-century Hungarian people Austro-Hungarian Jews 1834 births 1898 deaths Burials at Döbling Cemetery