The Sakhalin Regional Museum of Local Lore (russian: Сахалинский областной краеведческий музей), also known as the Sakhalin Regional Museum, is a
museum
A museum ( ; plural museums or, rarely, musea) is a building or institution that cares for and displays a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance. Many public museums make these ...
in
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk ( rus, Ю́жно-Сахали́нск, a=Ru-Южно-Сахалинск.ogg, p=ˈjuʐnə səxɐˈlʲinsk, literally "South Sakhalin City") is a city on Sakhalin island, and the administrative center of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. I ...
on the island of
Sakhalin
Sakhalin ( rus, Сахали́н, r=Sakhalín, p=səxɐˈlʲin; ja, 樺太 ''Karafuto''; zh, c=, p=Kùyèdǎo, s=库页岛, t=庫頁島; Manchu: ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ, ''Sahaliyan''; Orok: Бугата на̄, ''Bugata nā''; Nivkh: ...
,
Sakhalin Oblast
Sakhalin Oblast ( rus, Сахали́нская о́бласть, r=Sakhalínskaya óblast', p=səxɐˈlʲinskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast) comprising the island of Sakhalin and the K ...
,
Russian Federation
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
. It is the largest-scale museum in the
federal subject
The federal subjects of Russia, also referred to as the subjects of the Russian Federation (russian: субъекты Российской Федерации, subyekty Rossiyskoy Federatsii) or simply as the subjects of the federation (russian ...
.
The Museum collects, researches, and displays materials relating to the natural history, archaeology, history, and ethnography of the region.
History
The first museum on
Sakhalin
Sakhalin ( rus, Сахали́н, r=Sakhalín, p=səxɐˈlʲin; ja, 樺太 ''Karafuto''; zh, c=, p=Kùyèdǎo, s=库页岛, t=庫頁島; Manchu: ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ, ''Sahaliyan''; Orok: Бугата на̄, ''Bugata nā''; Nivkh: ...
opened in what was then the military post of
Alexandrovsk in North Sakhalin in 1896.
A number of exhibits disappeared when the area was in Japanese hands,
in 1905 and again
between 1920 and 1925.
The museum reopened in 1932.
Meanwhile, in South Sakhalin, in the years when, as
Karafuto Prefecture
Karafuto Prefecture ( ja, 樺太庁, ''Karafuto-chō''; russian: Префектура Карафуто, Prefektura Karafuto), commonly known as South Sakhalin, was a prefecture of Japan located in Sakhalin from 1907 to 1949.
Karafuto became ter ...
, it formed part of the
Empire of Japan
The also known as the Japanese Empire or Imperial Japan, was a historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the post-World War II 1947 constitution and subsequent fo ...
, the official residence of the garrison commander initially served for the , a situation that lasted until 1935, when the building was repurposed for the Toyohara Military Police.
Construction work on a new, dedicated museum building began in July 1935 and continued for two years, until July 1937;
related documentation from the 1935
fiscal year
A fiscal year (or financial year, or sometimes budget year) is used in government accounting, which varies between countries, and for budget purposes. It is also used for financial reporting by businesses and other organizations. Laws in many ...
is preserved in the .
For the site, land belonging to
Karafuto Jinja was used; a or martial arts facility was also built nearby in Japanese-style.
In 1937, the Karafuto Agency Museum reopened to the public in what was then the city of
Toyohara ">a now
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk ( rus, Ю́жно-Сахали́нск, a=Ru-Южно-Сахалинск.ogg, p=ˈjuʐnə səxɐˈlʲinsk, literally "South Sakhalin City") is a city on Sakhalin island, and the administrative center of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. I ...
, with displays organized around the three themes of nature, culture, and industry.
After the
Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin
The Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin, also known as the Battle of Sakhalin (russian: Южно-Сахалинская операция; ja, 樺太の戦い), was the Soviet invasion of the Japanese portion of Sakhalin Island known as Karaf ...
in August 1945, the Museum changed hands, reopening to the public the following May; for a period, until their repatriation, Japanese staff continued to work alongside their Soviet colleagues.
In 1953, the Museum in
Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky closed and its collections were transferred to the Sakhalin Regional Museum.
In 1970, the Museum staged an exhibition of paintings from the
Tretyakov Gallery
The State Tretyakov Gallery (russian: Государственная Третьяковская Галерея, ''Gosudarstvennaya Tretyâkovskaya Galereya''; abbreviated ГТГ, ''GTG'') is an art gallery in Moscow, Russia, which is considered th ...
.
In the 1980s and 1990s, artworks from the Museum were transferred to and formed the basis of the collection of the new , assistance was provided in the establishment of the , and several branch museums were created in other
districts of Sakhalin Oblast
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
.
(By 2000, there were seven such branch museums; in 2001 these were reestablished as independent museums in their own right.
) Since 1990, the Museum has maintained relations with
Hokkaido Museum
opened in Sapporo, Hokkaidō, Japan in 2015. Located within Nopporo Shinrin Kōen Prefectural Natural Park, the permanent exhibition is dedicated to the nature, history, and culture of Hokkaido. Also known as , the museum integrates and replaces ...
(and its predecessor institution the Historical Museum of Hokkaido) in
Sapporo
( ain, サッ・ポロ・ペッ, Satporopet, lit=Dry, Great River) is a city in Japan. It is the largest city north of Tokyo and the largest city on Hokkaido, the northernmost main island of the country. It ranks as the fifth most populous city ...
, Japan, including joint research and staff exchanges.
Building
The or
Japonaiserie
''Japonisme'' is a French term that refers to the popularity and influence of Japanese art and design among a number of Western European artists in the nineteenth century following the forced reopening of foreign trade with Japan in 1858. Japon ...
-style
museum building, of
reinforced concrete
Reinforced concrete (RC), also called reinforced cement concrete (RCC) and ferroconcrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having hig ...
with a tiled roof, is in the
Imperial Crown Style,
to plans by (1900–1974), who sought to combine elements of
Japanese castle
are fortresses constructed primarily of wood and stone. They evolved from the wooden stockades of earlier centuries, and came into their best-known form in the 16th century. Castles in Japan were built to guard important or strategic sites, such ...
design with elements of western design.
The building has a marked horizontal emphasis, the ''
tenshu
is an architectural typology found in Japanese castle complexes. They are easily identifiable as the highest tower within the castle. Common translations of ''tenshu'' include keep, main keep, or ''donjon''.
''Tenshu'' are characterized as ty ...
''-like components provide a strong central accent and give an impression of ascent, while staggered roofs add variety to enliven the
façade
A façade () (also written facade) is generally the front part or exterior of a building. It is a Loanword, loan word from the French language, French (), which means 'frontage' or 'face'.
In architecture, the façade of a building is often t ...
.
While the lower tiers are more western in their inspiration, the cut stone is reminiscent of castle walls, and the white plaster of the upper tiers and ''
onigawara
are a type of roof ornamentation found in Japanese architecture. They are generally roof tiles or statues depicting a Japanese ogre (''oni'') or a fearsome beast. Prior to the Heian period, similar ornaments with floral and plant designs ('' h ...
'' and other decorative features such are thoroughly Japanese.
Inside,
skylight
A skylight (sometimes called a rooflight) is a light-permitting structure or window, usually made of transparent or translucent glass, that forms all or part of the roof space of a building for daylighting and ventilation purposes.
History
Open ...
s brighten the upper exhibition spaces with natural light, while cloth wallpaper once softened the acoustic.
From 2005, restoration and repair work was carried out on the building.
Collection and display
The permanent display is organized around six main themes: the
geology
Geology () is a branch of natural science concerned with Earth and other astronomical objects, the features or rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Ear ...
of Sakhalin and the
Kuril Islands
The Kuril Islands or Kurile Islands (; rus, Кури́льские острова́, r=Kuril'skiye ostrova, p=kʊˈrʲilʲskʲɪjə ɐstrɐˈva; Japanese: or ) are a volcanic archipelago currently administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast in the ...
; their
flora and fauna
In biology, an organism () is any living system that functions as an individual entity. All organisms are composed of cells (cell theory). Organisms are classified by taxonomy into groups such as multicellular animals, plants, and fungi; ...
; "
ancient cultures and indigenous peoples";
discovery and exploration (from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries); "
the period of
hard labour"; and the first half of the twentieth century.
Leading figures documented include
Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy,
Mogami Tokunai
was a Japanese people, Japanese samurai, geographer and explorer.
Mogami was born in Dewa Province which is now part of Yamagata Prefecture).
He explored and mapped Hokkaido and Sakhalin and some of the Kuril Islands in 1785–1786. In his rep ...
,
Mamiya Rinzō
was a Japanese explorer of the late Edo period. He is best known for his exploration of Karafuto, now known as Sakhalin. He mapped areas of northeast Asia then unknown to Japanese.
Biography
Mamiya was born in 1775 in Tsukuba District, Hitach ...
,
Matsuura Takeshirō
was a Japanese explorer, cartographer, writer, painter, priest, and antiquarian. During the late Edo period and Bakumatsu he journeyed six times to Ezo, including to Sakhalin and the Kuriles. In the early Meiji period he was an official in the ...
,
Bronisław Piłsudski
Bronisław Piotr Piłsudski (; ; 2 November 1866 – 17 May 1918) was an ethnologist, who researched the Ainu people after he was exiled by the Tsar Alexander III of Russia to the Far East. Piłsudski pioneered research into Lithuanian cro ...
, and
Igor Farkhutdinov
Igor Pavlovich Farkhutdinov (russian: Игорь Павлович Фархутдинов; April 16, 1950 – August 20, 2003) was governor of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia during 1995–2003.
Biography
Igor Farkhutdinov was born in 1950 in Novosib ...
, and the
local oil and gas industry is also introduced.
The collection includes replicas of local fossil finds, of ''
Nipponosaurus sachalinensis'' and ''
Desmostylus hesperus'';
taxidermied representatives of species featured in the
Red Data Book
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biologi ...
of
Sakhalin Oblast
Sakhalin Oblast ( rus, Сахали́нская о́бласть, r=Sakhalínskaya óblast', p=səxɐˈlʲinskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast) comprising the island of Sakhalin and the K ...
;
materials relating to the
Ainu,
Nivkh
Nivkh or Amuric or Gilyak may refer to:
* Nivkh people
The Nivkh, or Gilyak (also Nivkhs or Nivkhi, or Gilyaks; ethnonym: Нивхгу, ''Nʼivxgu'' (Amur) or Ниғвңгун, ''Nʼiɣvŋgun'' (E. Sakhalin) "the people"), are an indigenous et ...
, and
Uilta
Oroks (''Ороки'' in Russian; self-designation: ''Ulta, Ulcha''), sometimes called Uilta, are a people in the Sakhalin Oblast (mainly the eastern part of the island) in Russia. The Orok language belongs to the Southern group of the Tung ...
;
and one of the four main boundary markers placed in 1906 along the
50th parallel at the time of the
demarcation of the Sakhalin frontier following the
Treaty of Portsmouth
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal perso ...
that brought the
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War ( ja, 日露戦争, Nichiro sensō, Japanese-Russian War; russian: Ру́сско-япóнская войнá, Rússko-yapónskaya voyná) was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1 ...
to its close.
See also
*
Nemuro City Museum of History and Nature
is a museum-equivalent facility in Nemuro, Hokkaidō, Japan. It was established by the City of Nemuro in 2004 and is classed as a general museum, collecting and exhibiting materials relating both to the humanities and the natural sciences.
Hi ...
References
External links
Sakhalin Regional Museum of Local Lore
{{Authority control
Local museums in Russia
Buildings and structures in Sakhalin Oblast
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Museums established in 1937
Imperial Crown Style architecture
Tourist attractions in Saratov Oblast
Cultural heritage monuments in Sakhalin Oblast
Culture of Sakhalin Oblast
Objects of cultural heritage of Russia of regional significance