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''Sakada'' ''(The Tenants,'' also ''Seasonal Sugarcane Workers)'' is a 1976 Philippine social-realist film about the ordeals of sugarcane farmers on the island of Negros in the Philippines. It is "a thinly-veiled criticism of the country's feudal power structure." The film was directed by Behn Cervantes and written by Oscar Miranda (story) and Lualhati Bautista (screenplay). Music was done by
Lucio San Pedro Lucio Diestro San Pedro, Sr. (February 11, 1913 – March 31, 2002) was a Filipino composer and teacher who was proclaimed a National Artist of the Philippines for Music in 1991. Today, he is remembered for his contribution to the development o ...
. It starred Alicia Alonzo, Robert Arevalo, Hilda Koronel,
Pancho Magalona Enrique Gayoso Magalona Jr. (January 22, 1922 – April 7, 1998), popularly known as Pancho Magalona, was a Filipino actor from the 1940s to the 1970s. Early life Born Enrique Gayoso Magalona Jr. in Bacolod, Negros Occidental, he was the son of ...
, Bembol Roco, Gloria Romero, Rosa Rosal, and
Tony Santos Sr. Antonio P. Santos Sr. (April 10, 1920 – February 7, 1988), better known as Tony Santos Sr., was a Filipino film and television actor and director. He is known for his work as lead actor in '' Badjao'' and ''Anak Dalita'', as well as for the role ...
The movie spent three weeks in theaters before Philippine dictator
Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. ( , , ; September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was a Filipino politician, lawyer, dictator, and kleptocrat who was the 10th president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He ruled under martial ...
ordered the military to seize copies of the film. The director was also arrested under the order of Marcos. ''Sakada'' was first screened on Philippine television in 2005. Musical scorer Lutgardo Labad described the film as "a major cinematic coup that unearthed the inhuman conditions of our people then."


Cast

;Cast * Alicia Alonzo as Aurora del Mundo * Robert Arevalo as Salvador "Badong" del Mundo * Hilda Koronel as Ester del Mundo *
Pancho Magalona Enrique Gayoso Magalona Jr. (January 22, 1922 – April 7, 1998), popularly known as Pancho Magalona, was a Filipino actor from the 1940s to the 1970s. Early life Born Enrique Gayoso Magalona Jr. in Bacolod, Negros Occidental, he was the son of ...
as Don Manuel Montemayor * Bembol Roco as David * Gloria Romero as Doña Consuelo Montemayor * Rosa Rosal as Dolores del Mundo * Tony Santos Sr. as Arsenio "Arsing" del Mundo * Joseph Sytangco as Juan Miguel Montemayor * Menggie Cobarrubias as Andres * Cris Michelena as Alex * Nena Perez Rubio as Nelia * Mervyn Samson as Contreras * Cris Vertido as Father Vic


Plot

The movie follows the life of
Negrense The Negrenses (; ) are the native cultural group of the Philippine provinces of Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental and Siquijor. Overview Negrense (English: ''Negrese''; Hiligaynon and Cebuano: ''Negrosanon'' or ''Buglasnon'') identity is clos ...
''sakada''s ( es, sacadas), or seasonal sugarcane farmers, and the ''asendero''s ( es, hacenderos) who own the plantations. Unrest ensues after a ''sakada'' is shot to death by one of the plantation's security guards. As the story unfolds, the movie reveals the exploitative feudal agricultural system of the time.


Production

''Sakada'' was the first film by director Behn Cervantes and scriptwriter Lualhati Bautista. It was filmed under time pressure and budget constraints. As a first-time film director, Cervantes said that he had to deal with technical problems. Time and budget constraints prevented the production from doing reshoots. ''Sakada'' was produced and screened in 1976 while the Philippines was under martial law under Ferdinand Marcos. After ''Sakada's'' third week of screening in Philippine cinemas, copies of the film were seized and the director was arrested and detained under the order of Marcos. After Cervantes' detention, he wrote in a letter to his family dated January 19, 1978, "My movie, ''Sakada'', and my plays, especially the last one, ''Pagsambang'' ''Bayan'', show the exploitative nature of this system, the evils the ruling class commit on the many, the need to change the order of things." ''Sakada'' was first shown on television on June 25, 2005, on ABCinema, three decades after prints were seized by the military from movie theaters. ABCinema aimed to feature "only the best local and foreign films that will make the Filipino audience more aware of their culture." In an interview, Cervantes was asked about how young audiences in 2005 could relate to ''Sakada''. He said society's problems " remain the same and most of the time we change leaders but they're the same dogs with different collars."


Reception

Musical scorer Lutgardo Labad described ''Sakada'' as "a major cinematic coup that unearthed the inhuman conditions of our people then." Film critic Mel Tobias wrote that "any book on Filipino films would be incomplete without mentioning ''Sakada."'' He wrote that the film "was a cry to the people and the government to awaken to the serious labor problems in the Philippines. In the process, it stimulated the often infantile movie producers to acknowledge this unorthodox film, made contrary to the traditional formula of Philippine moviemaking." He also praised the performance of the star-studded cast, particularly of Rosa Rosal, "a versatile actress, homade a sensational comeback in her portrayal of a sentimental widow. She is driven to become a leader of the sakadas in their fight for reform." "The film, with its searing focus on the desperate plight of seasonal sugarcane workers, was an eye-opener for most viewers lulled by the martial law era's siren call of 'the true, the good and the beautiful,'" wrote an '' Inquirer'' editorial. ''Sakada'' was made at a time of strict censorship, according to Philippine national artist for literature Bienvenido Lumbera, yet "the ingenuity of scriptwriters and directors was able to offer movie-goers works that went beyond entertainment and tackled subject matter with social implications." In the essay "Terror and Culture under Marcos' New Society," Lumbera wrote that ''Sakada'' "exposed the abuses and injustices committed by landlords in cahoots with the military in the suppression of the peasant struggle for higher wages and better treatment." ''Sakada,'' in 1981, won a Dekada Award for Best Film of the Decade.


See also

* Gawad Urian Award *
5th Gawad Urian Awards Fifth is the ordinal form of the number five. Fifth or The Fifth may refer to: * Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, as in the expression "pleading the Fifth" * Fifth column, a political term * Fifth disease, a contagious rash that ...
* List of films about martial law in the Philippines


References


External links

* {{IMDb title, id=0310104, title=Sakada 1976 drama films Filipino-language films Philippine historical drama films Philippine political films Social realism in film Films about the labor movement Films set in Negros Occidental Films set in Metro Manila Films about the working class Films about the upper class Films about interclass romance