Saints Firmus and Rusticus ( it, San Fermo e San Rustico) (died c. 290 AD) are venerated as two

martyr A martyr (, ''mártys'', "witness", or , ''marturia'', stem , ''martyr-'') is someone who suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, or refusing to renounce or advocate, a religious belief or other cause as demanded by an externa ...

s of

Verona Verona ( , ; vec, Verona or ) is a city on the Adige River in Veneto, Northern Italy, Italy, with 258,031 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region. It is the largest city Comune, municipality in the region and the ...

. Their unreliable ''Acts'' state that Firmus and Rusticus, kinsmen, were prominent citizens of

Bergamo Bergamo (; lmo, Bèrghem ; from the proto- Germanic elements *''berg +*heim'', the "mountain home") is a city in the alpine Lombardy region of northern Italy, approximately northeast of Milan, and about from Switzerland, the alpine lakes Como ...

. They were martyred at Verona under the Emperor

Maximian Maximian ( la, Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus; c. 250 – c. July 310), nicknamed ''Herculius'', was Roman emperor from 286 to 305. He was ''Caesar'' from 285 to 286, then ''Augustus'' from 286 to 305. He shared the latter title with his ...

after refusing to sacrifice to pagan idols. Under the judge Anolinus, they were

torture Torture is the deliberate infliction of severe pain or suffering on a person for reasons such as punishment, extracting a confession, interrogation for information, or intimidating third parties. Some definitions are restricted to acts c ...

d, beaten with

clubs Club may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Club'' (magazine) * Club, a ''Yie Ar Kung-Fu'' character * Clubs (suit), a suit of playing cards * Club music * "Club", by Kelsea Ballerini from the album ''kelsea'' Brands and enterprises ...

, and

beheaded Decapitation or beheading is the total separation of the head from the body. Such an injury is invariably fatal to humans and most other animals, since it deprives the brain of oxygenated blood, while all other organs are deprived of the i ...

.Monks of Ramsgate. "Firmus and Rusticus". ''Book of Saints''
1921. CatholicSaints.Info. 9 August 2016 It has been postulated that Firmus and Rusticus were actually two martyrs of

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

whose

relics In religion, a relic is an object or article of religious significance from the past. It usually consists of the physical remains of a saint or the personal effects of the saint or venerated person preserved for purposes of veneration as a tangi ...

were

translated Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. The English language draws a terminological distinction (which does not exist in every language) between ''transla ...

to Verona. Their ''Acts'' were written to make them heroes of Verona instead. Their

feast day The calendar of saints is the traditional Christian method of organizing a liturgical year by associating each day with one or more saints and referring to the day as the feast day or feast of said saint. The word "feast" in this context d ...

is celebrated on August 9.

Gallery

Image:Grignano3.JPG, Church of San Fermo e Rustico,

Brignano Gera d'Adda Brignano Gera d'Adda (Bergamasque: ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about east of Milan and about south of Bergamo. Main sights The main attraction is the ''Palazzo Viscon ...

. 12th century. Image:Caravaggio, san Fermo e Rustico.jpg, Parish church of

Caravaggio, Lombardy Caravaggio (; lmo, label=Bergamasque, Careàs ) is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Bergamo, in Lombardy, Italy, east of Milan. History The town received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree on December 22, 1954. Geo ...

, dedicated to Firmus and Rusticus. File:Pittura con leggenda dei SS. Fermo e Rustico - Borno (Foto Luca Giarelli).jpg, Fresco about Saints Firmus and Rusticus in

Val Camonica Val Camonica (also ''Valcamonica'' or Camonica Valley, Eastern Lombard: ''Al Camònega'') is one of the largest valleys of the central Alps, in eastern Lombardy, Italy. It extends about from the Tonale Pass to Corna Trentapassi, in the ...

References

External links

Dominican Martyrology
{{DEFAULTSORT:Firmus and Rusticus 290 deaths Saints from Roman Italy Sibling duos Saints duos 3rd-century Christian martyrs Year of birth unknown Year of death uncertain