270px, Matsudaira Yorihide was a

feudal domain A demesne ( ) or domain was all the land retained and managed by a lord of the manor under the feudal system for his own use, occupation, or support. This distinguished it from land sub-enfeoffed by him to others as sub-tenants. The concept or ...

under the

Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...

Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was characteriz ...

Japan, in what is now eastern

Ehime Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Ehime Prefecture has a population of 1,342,011 (1 June 2019) and has a geographic area of 5,676 km2 (2,191 sq mi). Ehime Prefecture borders Kagawa Prefecture to the northeast, Toku ...

on the island of

Shikoku is the smallest of the four main islands of Japan. It is long and between wide. It has a population of 3.8 million (, 3.1%). It is south of Honshu and northeast of Kyushu. Shikoku's ancient names include ''Iyo-no-futana-shima'' (), '' ...

. It was centered around Saijō ''

jin'ya A was a type of administrative headquarters in the Tokugawa Shogunate during the Edo period of Japanese history. ''Jin'ya'' served as the seat of the administration for a small domain, a province, or additional parcels of land. ''Jin'ya'' hou ...

'', and was ruled throughout most of its history by a cadet branch of the Kii Tokugawa clan. Saijō Domain was dissolved in the

abolition of the han system The in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (, ''daimyō'', feudal lords) ...

in 1871 and is now part of

History

In 1636, Hitotsuyanagi Naomori, ''

daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji era, Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and n ...

'' of Kanbe Domain in

Ise Province was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today includes most of modern Mie Prefecture. Ise bordered on Iga, Kii, Mino, Ōmi, Owari, Shima, and Yamato Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was . History The name of Ise appears i ...

received an increase in ''

kokudaka refers to a system for determining land value for taxation purposes under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo-period Japan, and expressing this value in terms of ''koku'' of rice. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Koku"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 54 ...

'' of 18,000 ''

koku The is a Chinese-based Japanese unit of volume. 1 koku is equivalent to 10 or approximately , or about . It converts, in turn, to 100 shō and 1000 gō. One ''gō'' is the volume of the "rice cup", the plastic measuring cup that is supplied ...

'' and was transferred to Saijō in

Iyo Province was a province of Japan in the area of northwestern Shikoku. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Tosa''" in . Iyo bordered on Sanuki Province to the northeast, Awa to the east, and Tosa to the south. Its abbreviated form name was . In term ...

with a total of 68,000 ''koku''. This marks the start of Saijō Domain. He transferred 5,000 ''koku'' to his second son, Naoie, and thus the domain officially was rated as 63,000 ''koku''. However, Naomori died in

Osaka is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of 2. ...

in the same year and his inheritance was divided among his three sons: his heir Naoshige inherited 30,000 ''koku'' and became daimyo of Saijō Domain, his second son Naoie inherited 28,000 ''koku'', forming Iyo Kawanoe Domain and later transferred his seat to

Ono Domain 250px, Hitotsuyanagi Suenori, final ''daimyō'' of Ono Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in Harima Province in what is now the south-central portion of modern-day Hyōgo Prefecture. It was centered a ...

Harima Province or Banshū (播州) was a province of Japan in the part of Honshū that is the southwestern part of present-day Hyōgo Prefecture. Harima bordered on Tajima, Tanba, Settsu, Bizen, and Mimasaka Provinces. Its capital was Himeji. During the ...

, and his third son Naoyori became the 10,000 ''koku'' ''daimyō'' of

Komatsu Domain 270px, Hitotsuyanagi Yoriaki was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now eastern Ehime Prefecture on the island of Shikoku. It was centered around Komatsu ''jin'ya'' in what snow part of the city of Sai ...

. Naoshige built the first ''

'' and laid out the ''

jōkamachi The term refers to a type of urban structures in Japan in which the city surrounds a feudal lord's castle. These cities did not necessarily form around castles after the Edo period; some are known as Jin'yamachi, cities that have evolved around J ...

''. His son Naoki inherited the domain, but gave 5000 ''koku'' to his younger brother, reducing the domain to 25,000 ''koku''. However, in 1665, Naoki was dispossessed for negligence of duties and misgovernment, and Saijō Domain became ''

tenryō The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...

'' territory administered directly by the shogunate. In 1670, Matsudaira Yorizumi, the third son of

Tokugawa Yorinobu was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the early Edo period. Born under the name Nagatomimaru (長福丸), he was the 10th son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, by his concubine Kageyama-dono. On December 8, 1603, Yorinobu received the fief of Mito, then rated at 20 ...

, ''daimyō'' of

Kii Domain Kii can refer to: History * Kii House, a branch family of the Tokugawa clan that ruled Japan during the Edo era Company * Kii Corporation, a mobile cloud services company (MBaaS) Geography * Kii Channel, a separating Honshū and Shikoku isl ...

, was allowed to establish a cadet branch of the clan, and granted Saijō Domain with a ''kokudaka'' 30,000 ''koku'', and the Saijō domain was re-established. This domain was positioned as a subsidiary domain under Kii Domain, and was intended as "insurance" in the event that the main Kii Tokugawa clan failed to produce an heir. When the 5th ''daimyō'' of Kii Domain,

Tokugawa Yoshimune was the eighth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, ruling from 1716 until his abdication in 1745. He was the son of Tokugawa Mitsusada, the grandson of Tokugawa Yorinobu, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Lineage Yoshimune ...

, became

shogun , officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakur ...

, the second ''daimyō'' of Saijō, Tokugawa Yoriyoshi, inherited Kii Domain and renamed himself Tokugawa Munenao, and his younger brother, Matsudaira Yoritada inherited Saijō. The fourth daimyō, Matsudaira Yorisato, issued sumptuary orders to restore the domain's finances, but he retired at the age of 22 due to the difficulty of reforming the administration of the domain due to his poor health. His adopted heir was a younger son of Tokugawa Munenao, Matsudaira Yoriatsu, how later inherited Kii Domain under the name of Tokugawa Harusada. Yoriatsu was succeeded by Matsudaira Yorikata, a son of

Tokugawa Munemasa was a Japanese ''daimyō'' of the mid-Edo period, who ruled the Wakayama Domain. He was the son of Tokugawa Munenao, grandson of Matsudaira Yorizumi and great-grandson of Kishū Domain founder, Tokugawa Yorinobu. His childhood name was Naomatsu (� ...

of Kii Domain. Matsudaira Yoriyuki, the 8th ''daimyō'', opened the

han school The was an educational institution in the Edo period of Japan, originally established to educate children of ''daimyō'' (feudal lords) and their retainers in the domains outside of the capital. These institutions were also known as ''hangaku' ...

''Tasezendo''. The 9th ''daimyō'', Matsudaira Yorisato was the first ''daimyō'' of Saijō to visit his domain in over 100 years. Saijō Domain was ruled almost as a part of Kii Domain, with its finances supported by the parent domain and its military incorporated into Kii Domain's structure. Matsudaira Yorizumi, the first ''daimyō'', visited Saijō five times during his 40-year reign; however, in the 200 years after his demise, ''daimyō'' of the domain visited only a total of nine times. Despite their status of a shinpan daimyō and close ties to the Kii Tokugawa clan, in the

Bakumatsu period was the final years of the Edo period when the Tokugawa shogunate ended. Between 1853 and 1867, Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy known as and changed from a feudal Tokugawa shogunate to the modern empire of the Meiji govern ...

, the domain was quickly showed an allegiance to the

Meiji government The was the government that was formed by politicians of the Satsuma Domain and Chōshū Domain in the 1860s. The Meiji government was the early government of the Empire of Japan. Politicians of the Meiji government were known as the Meiji o ...

and participated in the

Boshin War The , sometimes known as the Japanese Revolution or Japanese Civil War, was a civil war in Japan fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and a clique seeking to seize political power in the name of the Imperi ...

as part of the government army. With the

in 1871, the domain became "Saijō Prefecture", which was later incorporated into Ehime Prefecture via Matsuyama Prefecture and Sekitetsu Prefecture. In 1884, the final ''daimyō'' of Saijō, Matsudaira Yorihide was ennobled with the title of viscount (''shishaku'') in the ''

kazoku The was the hereditary peerage of the Empire of Japan, which existed between 1869 and 1947. They succeeded the feudal lords () and court nobles (), but were abolished with the 1947 constitution. Kazoku ( 華族) should not be confused with ' ...

'' peerage.

Holdings at the end of the Edo period

As with most domains in the

han system ( ja, 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Han"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 283. or (daimyo domain) s ...

, Saijō Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned ''

'', based on periodic

cadastral A cadastre or cadaster is a comprehensive recording of the real estate or real property's metes-and-bounds of a country.Jo Henssen, ''Basic Principles of the Main Cadastral Systems in the World,'/ref> Often it is represented graphically in a cad ...

surveys and projected agricultural yields.Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987)
''Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century,'' p. 18
*

**15 villages in Uma District **43 villages in Nii District **3 villages in Shūfu District

List of daimyō

References

{{Authority control Domains of Japan History of Ehime Prefecture Iyo Province Shikoku region Matsudaira clan 1608 establishments in Japan States and territories established in 1608 1871 disestablishments in Japan States and territories disestablished in 1871

History

Holdings at the end of the Edo period

List of daimyō

See also

References