Sagone is a small seaside resort on the west coast of the island of Corsica in the

commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of ...

of Vico. The settlement dates back to the 4th century, when a Roman villa was built there, with other buildings for slaves or peasants. A Christian church was built in the 5th or 6th century, later abandoned. A new cathedral was built in the 12th century, seat of the

Roman Catholic Diocese of Sagone The Diocese of Sagone was a Roman Catholic diocese in France, located in the city of Sagone, Corsica. In 1801, it was suppressed, and its Catholic population assigned to the Archdiocese of Ajaccio.Barbary pirates. By the 18th century the town was deserted and the cathedral had been abandoned. The tower was badly damaged in 1811 during an attack by the British. Today the village is growing again due to tourism.

Location

Sagone is on the west coast of Corsica on the Anse de Sagone, a bay in the Golfe de Sagone, to the north of Ajaccio. It is in the commune of Vico. The D81 coastal road connects the village to

Cargèse Cargèse (; or ; it, Cargese ; el, Καργκέζε, Kargkéze) is a village and ''commune'' in the Corse-du-Sud department of France on the west coast of the island of Corsica, 27 km north of Ajaccio. , the commune had a population ...

to the west and to Ajaccio to the south. The Sagone River flows through the town into the Anse de Sagone. The Gulf of Sagone extends from Capo di Feno in the south to Cargese in the North, and is known for its sandy beaches which include a beach beside the village of Sagone. The Sagone valley is the most northerly of the watersheds in the Liamone landscape. The lower valley has large beaches and gentle relief, and is urbanized along its coastal fringe, with an almost continuous constructed line. Behind the seaside resort there are some remains of the city of Sagone, a Roman colony and later the seat of a bishopric, that was abandoned before the 16th century due to

malaria Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death. S ...

epidemics and barbarian raids. Residential housing estates have been developed on the side of the Capu a u Bellu, the site of the Genoese tower, somewhat spoiling the landscape. In 2021 militants of the nationalist ''Core in Fronte'' organization denounced the public auction of three sites on the subdivision beside the Genoese Tower. They noted that the largest and most expensive site was in the immediate vicinity of the tower, and its high price could only be due to speculation that building would be allowed. A spokesman had earlier stated, "We have never built as many homes as in the last six years, more than 5,000 per year. Corsica is demographically suffocated with a colonization of population which is changing the matrix of the Corsican people".

Archaeology

In the fourth century a rural villa-type establishment was built on the site of the present Sagone Cathedral. Nearby, towards the coast, there were baths, accommodations for slaves or peasants, and a necropolis. The first Christian church was built on the ruins of the villa in the 5th or 6th century, dedicated to Saint Appian. When the cruciform baptistery was excavated the archaeologists found the episcopal throne and 38 coins from the end of the 6th century. An inscription found on a tile read ''Sanctus Appianus iubante Deo Paulus fecit'' (Saint Appien, by the will of God, made by Paulus). After the mausoleum was abandoned it was used to store garbage, and excavators have found ceramics from the Carthage region, coins, pearls, belt buckles and glass lamps. From the 7th century to the 10th century there was little activity. More than 70 graves have been found, dating from the 2nd to the 10th century, include burial of ashes in amphorae, tombs where the corpse was covered by tiles forming a double-pitched roof (the most common form), later tombs in stone bases, and cases where the body was placed directly into the ground. The religious site was reactivated in the 12th century. The cathedral dedicated to Saint Appian, bishop and martyr, was probably built in the first quarter of the 12th century, as were all the cathedrals on the island. There are two

menhir A menhir (from Brittonic languages: ''maen'' or ''men'', "stone" and ''hir'' or ''hîr'', "long"), standing stone, orthostat, or lith is a large human-made upright stone, typically dating from the European middle Bronze Age. They can be found ...

s in the masonry of the Romanesque cathedral that date back to the Neolithic period.

Pope Paul IV Pope Paul IV, born Gian Pietro Carafa, C.R. ( la, Paulus IV; it, Paolo IV; 28 June 1476 – 18 August 1559) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 May 1555 to his death in August 1559. While serving as pa ...

(1555–1559) authorized the Cathedral of Sagone to adopt the Virgin Mary of the Assumption as its patron saint. The building was affected by the frequent absence of the bishops and the wars by the lords of Leca against Genoa and North African incursions, and became dilapidated. In 1728 Bishop Giustiniani charged the master mason Bernardino Pardini with partially rebuilding the cathedral. This was completed in 1730. However the building was soon abandoned. In the 1960s a roof was installed over part of the ruined cathedral, oriented north–south. The ruins were inscribed as Historic Monuments on 4 September 1989. An archaeological park is planned to open in the Spring of 2022 including the remains of the cathedral, the tombs, an interpretation center and a green theater. In 2020 there were plans to restore the original east–west orientation of the building.

Diocese

Ferdinando Ughelli (1595–1670) states that after the devastation of the island by the Saracens (Arabs)

Pope Paschal I Pope Paschal I ( la, Paschalis I; died 824) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 25 January 817 to his death in 824. Paschal was a member of an aristocratic Roman family. Before his election to the papacy, he was abbot of St. ...

(817–824) erected five bishoprics on the island, Sagone among them. In 1123, at a Lateran Council, Pope Callixtus II consecrated a bishop for the Church of Sagona. In 1179 a bishop of Sagone was present at the Lateran Council of Pope Alexander III and subscribed its decrees. By 1751 the town of Sagone was in ruins and uninhabited. The bishop lived in Vico, a small town of some 800 inhabitants, under the civil government of Genoa. The corporation of the Cathedral Chapter still existed, with two dignities and six canons. In Vico there was one monastery of men. On 29 November 1801, following the agreement on the

Concordat of 1801 The Concordat of 1801 was an agreement between Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII, signed on 15 July 1801 in Paris. It remained in effect until 1905, except in Alsace-Lorraine, where it remains in force. It sought national reconciliation ...

between First Consul Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII, the diocese of Sagona was suppressed by the Pope, and its territory and Catholic population assigned to the Archdiocese of Ajaccio. Bishops included: * Agostino Fieschi (r. 1510–1528) *

Imperiale Doria Imperiale Doria (died 1544) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Sagone (1528–1544).

(r. 1528–1544) * Benedetto Rezzani (r. 1635–1639) * Giovanni Battista Federici (r. 1655–1657) * Giovanni Battista Costa (r. 1688–1714)

Defenses

The Torra di Sagone (Tower of Sagone) is a partially ruined

Genoese tower The Genoese towers in Corsica (french: tours génoises de Corse, co, torri ghjenuvesi di Corsica, singular : , also ; it, torri genovesi di Corsica) are a series of coastal defences constructed by the Republic of Genoa between 1530 and 1620 to s ...

on the west side of the Anse de Sagone. The tower is privately owned and in 1974 was listed as one of the official historical monuments of France. In the 16th century the

Republic of Genoa The Republic of Genoa ( lij, Repúbrica de Zêna ; it, Repubblica di Genova; la, Res Publica Ianuensis) was a medieval and early modern maritime republic from the 11th century to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast. During the La ...

built many fortresses around the island of Corsica to guard against threats from the Barbary pirates. In 1566 an embassy sent by Sampiero Corso to the court of Catherine de' Medici was massacred by the Genoese in front of the Tower of Sagone. The present tower was built in 1581 and replaced the earlier tower. During the

Napoleonic Wars The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fren ...

, on 30 April 1811 the British ships , and , commanded by

Robert Barrie Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Barrie KCB, KCH (5 May 1774 – 7 June 1841) was a British officer of the Royal Navy noted for his service in the War of 1812. He was helped early in his naval career by the patronage of his uncle, Sir Alan Gardn ...

, found three French ships laden with wood for the naval arsenal at

Toulon Toulon (, , ; oc, label= Provençal, Tolon , , ) is a city on the French Riviera and a large port on the Mediterranean coast, with a major naval base. Located in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, and the Provence province, Toulon is th ...

that had taken refuge in the Bay of Sagone. The French vessels were anchored under the protection of a shore battery of four guns and a mortar, the

Martello tower Martello towers, sometimes known simply as Martellos, are small defensive forts that were built across the British Empire during the 19th century, from the time of the French Revolutionary Wars onwards. Most were coastal forts. They stand u ...

armed with a gun overlooking the battery, and some 200 troops with field pieces, assisted by armed local inhabitants, all on a heights overlooking the vessels. The French vessels were ''Giraffe'', of 26 guns, , of 24 guns, and the armed merchant vessel ''Henriette''. The next day Captain

of ''Pomone'' had boats from ''Pomone'' and ''Scout'' tow their ships close to the French vessels. After a 90-minute engagement, ''Giraffe'' and ''Nourrice'' caught fire. (French records report that their crews set the two vessels on fire to prevent their being captured and then abandoned them.) Brands from ''Nourrice'' set fire to the merchant vessel. Barrie had the British withdraw, awaiting the explosion of the French vessels. The battery and the tower fell silent. Shortly thereafter the ''Giraffe'' exploded, and then so did ''Nourrice''. Some of the timbers from ''Nourrice'' fell on the tower, demolishing it, with further sparks setting fire to the shore battery, which also blew up. With nothing left to accomplish, the British withdrew. The action cost the British two men killed and 25 wounded, including three men wounded on ''Scout''. After this Napoleon ordered construction of new batteries to make the anchorage safer so as to protect the supply of wood to the

Toulon arsenal The military port of Toulon (french: arsenal de Toulon) is the principal base of the French Navy and the largest naval base in the Mediterranean, sited in the city of Toulon. It holds most of France's force d'action navale, comprising the airc ...

. The four companies in Ajaccio, Saint-Florent, Capraïa and Cap-Corse were told to defend this sensitive point in rotation, but only 100 men were present at any time. In September 1811 the Minister of War

Clarke Clarke is a surname which means "clerk". The surname is of English and Irish origin and comes from the Latin . Variants include Clerk and Clark. Clarke is also uncommonly chosen as a given name. Irish surname origin Clarke is a popular surname i ...

, Duke of Felltre, submitted a plan for organization of the artillery of the Grande Armée and the coastal artillery service. Sagone, considered to be one of the eighteen most vulnerable points on the Empire's coast, was to receive 20 guns and to be defended by a line artillery company. The battery was sited at Dordona. In 1857 the battery, which now had no value, was assigned to the bridges and roads organization. Today it has been absorbed by the buildings of the seaside resort of Sagone.

Notes

Sources

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Villages in Corsica {{CorseSud-geo-stub