Sagaing (, ) is the former capital of the

Sagaing Region Sagaing Region ( my, စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး, ; formerly Sagaing Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, located in the north-western part of the country between latitude 21° 30' north and lon ...

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

. It is located in the

Irrawaddy River The Irrawaddy River ( Ayeyarwady River; , , from Indic ''revatī'', meaning "abounding in riches") is a river that flows from north to south through Myanmar (Burma). It is the country's largest river and most important commercial waterway. Origi ...

, to the south-west of

Mandalay Mandalay ( or ; ) is the second-largest city in Myanmar, after Yangon. Located on the east bank of the Irrawaddy River, 631km (392 miles) (Road Distance) north of Yangon, the city has a population of 1,225,553 (2014 census). Mandalay was fo ...

on the opposite bank of the river. Sagaing with numerous

Buddhist Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and ...

monasteries A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone (hermits). A monastery generally includes a place reserved for prayer which ...

is an important religious and monastic centre. The

pagodas A pagoda is an Asian tiered tower with multiple eaves common to Nepal, India, China, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Vietnam, and other parts of Asia. Most pagodas were built to have a religious function, most often Buddhist but sometimes Taoist, ...

and monasteries crowd the numerous hills along the ridge running parallel to the river. The central pagoda, Soon U Ponya Shin Pagoda, is connected by a set of covered staircases that run up the hill. Today, with about 70,000 inhabitants, the city is part of

built-up area with more than 1,022,000 inhabitants estimated in 2011. The city is a frequent tourist destination of day trippers. Within the city are the

Sagaing Institute of Education The Sagaing University of Education ( my, စစ်ကိုင်း ပညာရေးတက္ကသိုလ် ), formerly known as Mandalay Institute of Education or Sagaing Institute of Education located in Sagaing, Sagaing Region, is one o ...

, the

Sagaing Education College Sagaing (, ) is the former capital of the Sagaing Region of Myanmar. It is located in the Irrawaddy River, to the south-west of Mandalay on the opposite bank of the river. Sagaing with numerous Buddhist monasteries is an important religious and m ...

, Sagaing University, Technological University (Sagaing), and co-operative university (Sagaing). Sagaing University was established on 11 February 2012. It is in Pakatoe Quarter, Sagaing Township, Sagaing Region, Myanmar. It has an area of . As a result, there are now five colleges/university in Sagaing.

Name

The classical name of Sagaing is Zeyapura (; pi, Jayapura), which literally translates to "city of victory."

History

Sagaing was the capital of

Sagaing Kingdom The Sagaing Kingdom ( my, စစ်ကိုင်း နေပြည်တော်, ) was a small kingdom ruled by a junior branch of the Myinsaing dynasty from 1315 to 1365. Originally the northern province of Sagaing of the Pinya Kingdom, i ...

(1315-1364), one of the minor kingdoms that rose up after the fall of

Pagan dynasty The Kingdom of Pagan ( my, ပုဂံခေတ်, , ; also known as the Pagan Dynasty and the Pagan Empire; also the Bagan Dynasty or Bagan Empire) was the first Burmese kingdom to unify the regions that would later constitute modern-da ...

, where one of

Thihathu Thihathu ( my, သီဟသူ, ; 1265–1325) was a co-founder of the Myinsaing Kingdom, and the founder of the Pinya Kingdom in today's central Burma (Myanmar).Coedès 1968: 209 Thihathu was the youngest and most ambitious of the three brother ...

's sons, Athinkhaya, established himself. During the Ava period (1364-1555), the city was the common

fief A fief (; la, feudum) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law. It consisted of a form of property holding or other rights granted by an Lord, overlord to a vassal, who held it in fealty or "in fee" in return for a for ...

of the crown prince or senior princes. During the reign of King

Naungdawgyi Dabayin Min ( my, ဒီပဲယင်းမင်း), commonly known as Naungdawgyi ( my, နောင်တော်ကြီး ; 10 August 1734 – 28 November 1763) was the second king of Konbaung Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar), from 1760 to 1 ...

. Sagaing briefly became the royal capital between 1760 and 1763. On 8 August 1988, Sagaing was the site of demonstrations which were concluded by a massacre in which around 300 civilians were killed.

Climate

Located in the rain shadow of the

Arakan Mountains The Arakan Mountains ( my, ရခိုင်ရိုးမ), also known as the Rakhine Yoma, are a mountain range in western Myanmar, between the coast of Rakhine State and the Central Myanmar Basin, in which flows the Irrawaddy River. It is th ...

, Sagaing has a borderline

hot semi-arid climate A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type. It is located on regions that receive precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not as low as a desert climate. There are different kinds of semi-ar ...

(

Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...

''BSh'') just short of a

tropical savanna climate Tropical savanna climate or tropical wet and dry climate is a tropical climate sub-type that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification categories ''Aw'' (for a dry winter) and ''As'' (for a dry summer). The driest month has less than of p ...

(''Aw''). The city receives less than a third as much rainfall as

Chittagong Chittagong ( /ˈtʃɪt əˌɡɒŋ/ ''chit-uh-gong''; ctg, চিটাং; bn, চিটাগং), officially Chattogram ( bn, চট্টগ্রাম), is the second-largest city in Bangladesh after Dhaka and third largest city in B ...

at a similar latitude on the

Bay of Bengal The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, bounded on the west and northwest by India, on the north by Bangladesh, and on the east by Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. Its southern limit is a line between ...

. Unlike most monsoonal semi-arid climates, the rainy season is relatively long at around five to six months, while variability and extreme monthly and daily rainfalls are much lower than usual with this type of climate.See

People

Sithu Kyawhtin Sithu Kyawhtin ( my, စည်သူကျော်ထင်, ; also known as Narapati Sithu (နရပတိ စည်သူ, )) was the last king of Ava from 1551 to 1555. He came to power by overthrowing King Narapati III in 1551, the culmi ...

, King of Ava (1552-1555) *

Zhu Youlang, Prince of Gui The Yongli Emperor (; 1623–1662; reigned 18 November 1646 – 1 June 1662), personal name Zhu Youlang, was a royal member to the imperial family of Ming dynasty, and the fourth and last commonly recognised emperor of the Southern Ming, reigni ...

, last

Ming Dynasty The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...

claimant to China, lived in exile at Sagaing in 1661 *

Maurice Collis Maurice Stewart Collis (10 January 1889 – 12 January 1973) was an administrator in Burma (Myanmar) when it was part of the British Empire, and afterwards a writer on Southeast Asia, China and other historical subjects. Life He was born in Du ...

, author of ''

Trials in Burma {{Unreferenced, date=March 2009 ''Trials in Burma'' is a memoir by Maurice Collis, an English author of Irish origin who served in Burma in the Indian Civil Service under the British Empire written in 1937 describing events in 1929-30. After posti ...

'', district commissioner of the Sagaing district in 1928

Places of interest

The

Kaunghmudaw Pagoda The Kaunghmudaw Pagoda ( my, ကောင်းမှုတော် ဘုရား ; Yaza Mani Sula Kaunghmudaw (); pi, Rājamaṇicūḷā) is a large Buddhist pagoda on the northwestern outskirts of Sagaing in central Myanmar (Burma). Mode ...

(Burmese: ; Yaza Mani Sula Kaunghmudaw (); Pali: Rājamaṇicūḷā) is a large pagoda on the northwestern outskirts of Sagaing.

Images

File:Sagaing Hill.jpg, Sagaing Hill File:Sagaing, Myanmar.jpg, Irrawaddy River from Sagaing Hill, Sagaing Sagaing, Buddhist stupas, Myanmar.jpg, Pagodas Sagaing, Buddhist monks, Myanmar.jpg, Buddhist monks Sagaing, View, Myanmar.jpg, Viewpoint at Sagaing Hill File:Sagaing2.jpg, Pagodas that dot Sagaing File:U Min Thonze exterior, Sagaing, Sagaing Division, Burma.jpg, U Min Thonze Cave File:Sone Oo Pone Nya Shin Pagoda.jpg, Sone Oo Pone Nya Shin Pagoda, Sagaing Hill File:Umin Thonze Pagoda.JPG, Umin Thonze Pagoda File:Two bridges of Sagaing.jpg, Bridges connecting Sagaing and Mandalay

References

{{Authority control Township capitals of Myanmar Populated places in Sagaing Region Buddhist pilgrimage sites in Myanmar