Sadhaura is a
city
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
, near
Yamunanagar city with Municipal Committee in
Yamunanagar district
Yamunanagar district is one of the 22 districts of the Indian state of Haryana. The district came into existence on 1November 1989 and occupies an area of . Yamunanagar town is the district headquarters.
Yamunanagar's average rainfall in Mons ...
in the
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
n
state
State may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Literature
* ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State
* ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States
* ''Our S ...
of
Haryana
Haryana (; ) is an Indian state located in the northern part of the country. It was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 Nov 1966 on a linguistic basis. It is ranked 21st in terms of area, with less than 1.4% () of India's land ar ...
. A
city of Yamunanagar, it is of great historic significance. Sadhaura is very old town many historical temples/Dargah are there like Manokamna Temple, Laxmi narayan Temple, Roza Peer Dargah are some famous places in Sadhaura.
History
![Coin of Samantadeva](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Coin_of_Samantadeva.jpg)
Sadhuara, steeped in history is a
sanskrit
Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused there from the northwest in the late ...
language composite of
sadhu
''Sadhu'' ( sa, साधु, IAST: ' (male), ''sādhvī'' or ''sādhvīne'' (female)), also spelled ''saddhu'', is a religious ascetic, mendicant or any holy person in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism who has renounced the worldly life. Th ...
(saint) and
dwara (way), meaning ''"the way of saints"''
[Tourist places near Yamunanagar]
Haryana Tourism
Haryana Tourism Corporation (HTC) was constituted as a Public Limited Company under the Companies Act, 1956 on 1 May 1974. As an agent of the Government of Haryana, ''Haryana Tourism Corporation'' runs and maintains 44 Tourist Complexes sprea ...
. This use to be a camping ground for the
hindu
Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism.Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for ...
''sadhus'' on the way to
ganges
The Ganges ( ) (in India: Ganga ( ); in Bangladesh: Padma ( )). "The Ganges Basin, known in India as the Ganga and in Bangladesh as the Padma, is an international river to which India, Bangladesh, Nepal and China are the riparian states." is ...
pilgrimage.
[Yamunanagar History]
Gazatteer of Haryana: Yamunanagar.
Alexander Cunningham
Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham (23 January 1814 – 28 November 1893) was a British Army engineer with the Bengal Engineer Group who later took an interest in the history and archaeology of India. In 1861, he was appointed to the newly ...
, conducted his exploration here at Sadhaura in 1879. He described an old ruinous fort and excavated many coins from here.
The discovery of ancient copper cast coins,
Kuninda coins (of 2nd century BCE to 3rd century CE
Kuninda Kingdom
The Kingdom of Kuninda (or Kulinda in ancient literature) was an ancient central Himalayan kingdom documented from around the 2nd century BCE to the 3rd century, located in the southern areas of modern Himachal Pradesh and far western areas of U ...
),
Kushano-Sasanian Coinage (of 3rd century CE
Indo-Sasanian Kingdom), coins of
Samanta Deva (from circa 850–1000 CE of Hindu
Kabul Shahi Kabul Shahi is a term used to denote two former non-Muslim dynasties in Kabul:
*Turk Shahis (665–850 CE)
*Hindu Shahi
The Hindu Shahis (also known as Oddiyana, Odi Shahis, Uḍi Śāhis, or Brahman Shahis, 822–1026 CE) were a dynasty that ...
dynasty of Gandhara in Afghanistan) from Sadhaura point towards the antiquity of the place.
[
]Banda Singh Bahadur
Banda Singh Bahadur (born Lachman Dev) (27 October 1670 – 9 June 1716), was a Sikh warrior and a commander of Khalsa army. At age 15, he left home to become an Asceticism, ascetic, and was given the name Madho Das Bairagi. He established a ...
defeated local Mughal forces and built his Lohgarh Sahib Fort at nearby Lohgarh
Lohgarh is a village in Notified Area Committee of Zirakpur in district Mohali in state of Punjab in India. This is not to be confused with another namesake Lohgarh (Bilaspur) in Haryana which was capital of first Sikh state under Banda Singh B ...
in 1709 after his conquest of the area in the wins of Battle of Chappar Chiri
The battle of Chappar Chiri, also called Battle of Sirhind,
was fought between Mughal Empire and the Sikhs on 12 May 1710 at Chappar Chiri, located 20 kilometers from Sirhind
Background
The Sikhs were planning to crusade against the city of Sirh ...
and Battle of Sadhaura
The Battle of Sadhaura was fought between Sikhs and the combined forces of the Sayyids and the Sheikhs in Sadhaura in 1710. The imperial forces were defeated and took refuge behind the city's walls. Banda's forces captured the fort and levelled it ...
. He killed the local Mughal chief of Sadaura, Usman Khan, to avenge the killing of Pir Budhan Shah
Pir Budhan Shah (died 1643), also called Baba Budhan Ali Shah, was a venerated Sufi pir who had religious discourse with Guru Nanak in Rawalpindi and later accepted Gurmat thought during times of Guru Har Gobind. His name is also romanised as ...
. The historical book, ''"Twarikh Khasa"'' chronicles, ''"Nawab usman Khan of Sadhora was so cruel and fanatical that he used to have cows slaughtered and uneatable parts of cows he would have them thrown into the Hindus homes. He never allowed them to cremate their dead and forcibly matched Hindu brides to Musalmen. The Jazia was collected in most humiliating ways so that they might be more easily converted to Islam."'' In 1710 AD Battle of Samana
The Battle of Samana was fought between Banda Singh Bahadur and the Mughal Government of Samana in 1709. Following the battle, Banda Singh Bahadur shook the administration of Delhi.
Background
Samana was a town where executioners Sayyed Jalal ...
, Banda Singh Bahadur also killed infamous Governor of Sirhind
Sirhind-Fategarh is a town and a municipal council in the Fatehgarh Sahib district in the Indian state of Punjab.
Demographics
In the 2011 census Sirhind-Fatehgarh had a population of 60852. Males constituted 54% of the population and female ...
Wazir Khan (real name ''Mirza Askari'') who had ordered the merciless murder of Guru Gobind Singh's young sons, 6 years old Sahibzada Fateh Singh
Sahib or Saheb (; ) is an Arabic title meaning 'companion'. It was historically used for the first caliph Abu Bakr in the Quran. The title is still applied to the caliph by Sunni Muslims.
As a loanword, ''Sahib'' has passed into several langua ...
and 9 years old Sahibzada Zorawar Singh
Zorawar Singh (17 November 1696 – 5 or 6 December 1705, pa, ਸਾਹਿਬਜ਼ਾਦਾ ਜ਼ੋਰਾਵਰ ਸਿੰਘ), alternatively spelt as Jorawar Singh, was a son of Guru Gobind Singh who was executed in the court of Wazir Khan, t ...
by bricking up alive within a wall in 1705 AD. Wazir Khan was beheaded by the Sikh army led by Banda Singh Bahadur
Banda Singh Bahadur (born Lachman Dev) (27 October 1670 – 9 June 1716), was a Sikh warrior and a commander of Khalsa army. At age 15, he left home to become an Asceticism, ascetic, and was given the name Madho Das Bairagi. He established a ...
outside the Sirhind city in the Battle of Chappar Chiri
The battle of Chappar Chiri, also called Battle of Sirhind,
was fought between Mughal Empire and the Sikhs on 12 May 1710 at Chappar Chiri, located 20 kilometers from Sirhind
Background
The Sikhs were planning to crusade against the city of Sirh ...
in May 1710. ''"Qatalgarhi"'' haveli
A ''haveli'' is a traditional townhouse, mansion, manor house, in the Indian subcontinent, usually one with historical and architectural significance, and located in a town or city. The word ''haveli'' is derived from Arabic ''hawali'', mean ...
here is the home of muslims who were massacre by him after they betrayed him in the war.[ Band bahadur demolished the fortress of Daura and hanged the Mughal faujdar and the town plundered.][Harbans Singh, 1998]
The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism: S-Z
/ref> ''"Gurdwara Baba Banda Bahadur"'' inside the ruined fort later became ruined and a new "Gurdwara Baba Banda Bahadur" was constructed close to the fort wall, which is also known as ''"Quila Gurdwara"'' and ''"Gurdwara Qatalgarh"''.[
]Pir Budhan Shah
Pir Budhan Shah (died 1643), also called Baba Budhan Ali Shah, was a venerated Sufi pir who had religious discourse with Guru Nanak in Rawalpindi and later accepted Gurmat thought during times of Guru Har Gobind. His name is also romanised as ...
, who helped Guru Gobind Singh
Guru Gobind Singh (; 22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708), born Gobind Das or Gobind Rai the tenth Sikh Guru, a spiritual master, warrior, poet and philosopher. When his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, was executed by Aurangzeb, Guru Gobind Sing ...
against mughals in the 1688 battle of Bhangani
The Battle of Bhangani ( pa, ਭੰਗਾਣੀ ਦਾ ਯੁੱਧ) was fought between Guru Gobind Singh's army and Bhim Chand (Kahlur) of Bilaspur on 18 September 1686, at Bhangani near Paonta Sahib.Rajput Rajas of Shivalik Hills particip ...
in which all four sons of Shah were killed, has a gurdwara
A gurdwara (sometimes written as gurudwara) (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ ''guradu'ārā'', meaning "Door to the Guru") is a place of assembly and worship for Sikhs. Sikhs also refer to gurdwaras as ''Gurdwara Sahib''. People from all faiths ...
here named after him.[
At present, 40-feet high mound survives narrating the past historic glory of Sadhaura and its fort.
Town also has a tomb of Shah Kumesh constructed in 1450 AD and a mosque from 1600 AD where an annual fair is held that was started by ]Bairam Khan
Muhammad Bairam Khan(Persianمحمد بیرام خان) (18 January 150131 January 1561), commonly known as Bairam Khan or Bayram Khan was an important military commander, and later commander-in-chief of the Mughal army, a powerful statesman a ...
in 1556 AD. Another ruined, ''"Sagni mosque"'', from ??th century lies in ruins.[
Town also has three old temples with sacred ]johad
A johad, also known as a pokhar or a percolation pond, is a community-owned traditional harvested rainwater storage wetland principally used for effectively harnessing water resources in the states of Haryana, Rajasthan, Punjab, and weste ...
water pond: Gaggarwala temple, Toronwala temple and Manokamna temple.[
Nearby historic places include Buddhist Stupa at Chaneti, ]Buria
Buria is a small town and earlier was a municipal committee now the part of Yamunanagr Nagar nigam situated on the banks of the Western Yamuna Canal approximately from the city of Jagadhri and 8 km from Jagadhri railway station.
History ...
- a town with connections to Birbal
Birbal (; born Mahesh Das; 1528 16 February 1586), or Raja Birbal, was a Saraswat Hindu Bhatt Brahmin advisor and main commander (''Mukhya Senapati'') of army in the court of the Mughal emperor, Akbar. He is mostly known in the Indian subcon ...
, Adi Badri Sarasvati udgam Sthal, Lohgarh
Lohgarh is a village in Notified Area Committee of Zirakpur in district Mohali in state of Punjab in India. This is not to be confused with another namesake Lohgarh (Bilaspur) in Haryana which was capital of first Sikh state under Banda Singh B ...
Sikh capital of Banda Singh Bahadur
Banda Singh Bahadur (born Lachman Dev) (27 October 1670 – 9 June 1716), was a Sikh warrior and a commander of Khalsa army. At age 15, he left home to become an Asceticism, ascetic, and was given the name Madho Das Bairagi. He established a ...
.[
]
Demographics
India census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording and calculating information about the members of a given population. This term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses incl ...
, Sadaura had a population of 25,693. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Sadaura has an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 66%. In Sadaura, 21% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Sadhaura Fort
Sadaura Fort is an ancient fort in Sadaura, as see
here
Gurudwaras
Gurdwara Baba Banda Bahadur, also sometimes known as Quila Gurdwara and Gurdwara Qatalgarh is the ancient privately managed
gurudwara
A gurdwara (sometimes written as gurudwara) (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ ''guradu'ārā'', meaning "Door to the Guru") is a place of assembly and worship for Sikhs. Sikhs also refer to gurdwaras as ''Gurdwara Sahib''. People from all faiths ...
named after Banda Singh Bahadur
Banda Singh Bahadur (born Lachman Dev) (27 October 1670 – 9 June 1716), was a Sikh warrior and a commander of Khalsa army. At age 15, he left home to become an Asceticism, ascetic, and was given the name Madho Das Bairagi. He established a ...
.
Gurdwara Pir Buddhu Shah was built by local Sikh
Sikhs ( or ; pa, ਸਿੱਖ, ' ) are people who adhere to Sikhism, Sikhism (Sikhi), a Monotheism, monotheistic religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Gu ...
Singh Sabha more recently
in honour of Pir Budhan Shah
Pir Budhan Shah (died 1643), also called Baba Budhan Ali Shah, was a venerated Sufi pir who had religious discourse with Guru Nanak in Rawalpindi and later accepted Gurmat thought during times of Guru Har Gobind. His name is also romanised as ...
.
Gurudwara shri singh sabha ji was built by local Sikh
Sikhs ( or ; pa, ਸਿੱਖ, ' ) are people who adhere to Sikhism, Sikhism (Sikhi), a Monotheism, monotheistic religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Gu ...
with a humble and beautiful heart, now its maintained by nabour Sikhs.
References
{{Reflist, 2
Cities and towns in Yamunanagar district