Sacred Ridge was a multiple habitation archaeological site about southwest of
Durango, Colorado. It covered about and contained the remains of 22
pit structures, which have since been covered by
Lake Nighthorse.
The site was identified as belonging to the early Pueblo I or
Anasazi
The Ancestral Puebloans, also known as the Anasazi, were an ancient Native American culture that spanned the present-day Four Corners region of the United States, comprising southeastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, a ...
culture. It was occupied from around 700
CE to around 803 CE, the
dendrochronological age of the last tree cutting found near the site. By 810 CE, the buildings had been burned and abandoned.
Site work
Site work was done between 2002 and 2005 by SWCA Environmental Consultants, which were retained by the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe to do the required archaeological and cultural investigations. Most of the sites covered by this investigation were in the Ridges Basin, which was to be inundated by Lake Nighthorse once the Ridges Basin Dam was complete, but some of the sites covered in this investigation were on
Blue Mesa, which was used as
borrow area for dam fill. Results of this study were published in a 16 volume report titled "Animas–La Plata Project".
The
Ute Mountain Ute Tribe
The Ute Mountain Ute Tribe ( Ute dialect: Wʉgama Núuchi) is one of three federally recognized tribes of the Ute Nation, and are mostly descendants of the historic Weeminuche Band who moved to the Southern Ute reservation in 1897. Their reserv ...
was involved in all aspects of the Animas–La Plata Project, including consulting with other tribes, engaging with the public, and handling archeological issues. By the end of the project, this gave them the confidence to take over management of the cultural resources on their own reservation, resulting in the establishment of a Tribal Historic Preservation Office, the first in Colorado.
Conclusions
Two of the pit houses contain 14,882 identified human body fragments, belonging to about 35 people, about half the estimated population of the village. The victims show signs of extreme torture and mutilation, including beating on the feet, scalping, and eye gouging.
Because of biological and dietary differences between the residents of the village and other villages in the same area, some scientists believe that this provides evidence of ethnic cleansing. The site was apparently abandoned soon after the massacre, and the whole
Ridges Basin within about 15 years after the event.
Archaeologists speculate that the village at Sacred Ridge had some form of authority over other settlements in the Ridges Basin area, and that the massacre is part of an uprising following a time of severe food shortages due, in part, to a drier climate. The graphic torture and dismemberment may have been part of a demonstration used to intimidate other elements of the population.
Reburials
The
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), Pub. L. 101-601, 25 U.S.C. 3001 et seq., 104 Stat. 3048, is a United States federal law enacted on November 16, 1990.
The Act requires federal agencies and institutions tha ...
(NAGPRA) requires that any human remains found during excavations of Native American sites, along with all associated funerary objects, be returned to Native American control. In complying with these regulations, SWCA determined that the closest descendants of any human remains found were probably related most closely to the pueblos of
Acoma Acoma may refer to:
* ''Acoma'' (beetle), a scarab beetle genus of subfamily Melolonthinae
* Acoma Pueblo, a Native American pueblo
* Acoma, Nevada, a ghost town
* Acoma Township, McLeod County, Minnesota, US
* , more than one ship of the US Navy
...
,
Laguna, and
Zia. These pueblos are closely related and all speak
Keresan languages
Keres (), also Keresan (), is a Native American language, spoken by the Keres Pueblo people in New Mexico. Depending on the analysis, Keres is considered a small language family or a language isolate with several dialects. The varieties of eac ...
. The Pueblo of Acoma volunteered to take the lead in these efforts, and the other pueblos agreed. Remains were reburied in three ceremonies between 2004 and 2010. A total of 230 individuals from all of the sites involved, as well as the processed remains from the massacre at Sacred Ridge, were reburied.
References
;Bibliography
*
External links
*
{{Coord, 37.2253, -107.9339, type:waterbody, display=title
Archaeological sites in Colorado
Buildings and structures in La Plata County, Colorado