Saadallah Wannous ( ar, سعد الله ونوس) (1941 – 15 May 1997) was a
Syria
Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
n
playwright
A playwright or dramatist is a person who writes plays.
Etymology
The word "play" is from Middle English pleye, from Old English plæġ, pleġa, plæġa ("play, exercise; sport, game; drama, applause"). The word "wright" is an archaic English ...
, writer and editor on Arabic theater. He was born in the village of
Hussein al-Bahr, near
Tartous
)
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, where he received his early education. He studied
journalism
Journalism is the production and distribution of reports on the interaction of events, facts, ideas, and people that are the "news of the day" and that informs society to at least some degree. The word, a noun, applies to the occupation (profes ...
in
Cairo
Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metro ...
,
Egypt
Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
and later served as editor of the art and cultural sections of the Syrian official newspaper ''
Al-Baath'' and the
Lebanese daily
Daily or The Daily may refer to:
Journalism
* Daily newspaper, newspaper issued on five to seven day of most weeks
* ''The Daily'' (podcast), a podcast by ''The New York Times''
* ''The Daily'' (News Corporation), a defunct US-based iPad new ...
''
As-Safir''. For many years, he was also director of the department for music and theater in the Ministry for Culture and National Guidance of
Syria
Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
.
In the late 1960s, he traveled to
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
where he studied
theater
Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, usually actor, actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The p ...
and encountered various currents, trends, and schools of European theater. His career as a playwright had begun in the early Sixties with several short, one-act plays, characterized by his fundamental theme: the relationship between the individual and society and its authorities.
Career
In the late 1960s, triggered by the Arab defeat of the
1967 war
The Six-Day War (, ; ar, النكسة, , or ) or June War, also known as the 1967 Arab–Israeli War or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states (primarily Egypt, Syria, and Jordan) from 5 to 10 Jun ...
with
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
, political Arabic theater was born. The defeat resulted in the creation of a new level of awareness among artists and intellectuals, particularly toward the government-controlled mass media and its infiltration of
popular culture
Popular culture (also called mass culture or pop culture) is generally recognized by members of a society as a set of practices, beliefs, artistic output (also known as, popular art or mass art) and objects that are dominant or prevalent in a ...
. In 1969, joined by a group of playwrights, Wannous called for an Arab Festival for Theater Arts to be hosted in
Damascus
)), is an adjective which means "spacious".
, motto =
, image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg
, image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg
, seal_type = Seal
, map_caption =
, ...
, later realized and attended by
dramatist
A playwright or dramatist is a person who writes plays.
Etymology
The word "play" is from Middle English pleye, from Old English plæġ, pleġa, plæġa ("play, exercise; sport, game; drama, applause"). The word "wright" is an archaic English ...
s from all over the
Arab world
The Arab world ( ar, اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ '), formally the Arab homeland ( '), also known as the Arab nation ( '), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states, refers to a vast group of countries, mainly located in Western A ...
. In this festival, he introduced his new project: A "theater of politicization" to replace the traditional "political theater." He intended theater to play a more active role in the process of social and political change. His plays include ''Elephant, the King of All Times'' (1969), ''The King is the King'' (1977) and ''Hanthala's Journey from Slumber to Consciousness'' (1978).
In the late 1970s, Wannous helped establish and later taught at the
Higher Institute of Dramatic Arts
Higher may refer to:
Music
* The Higher, a 2002–2012 American pop rock band
Albums
* ''Higher'' (Ala Boratyn album) or the title song, 2007
* ''Higher'' (Ezio album) or the title song, 2000
* ''Higher'' (Harem Scarem album) or the title song ...
in Damascus. He also started the magazine ''Theater Life'' (''Hayyat al-masrahiya''), of which he was
editor-in-chief
An editor-in-chief (EIC), also known as lead editor or chief editor, is a publication's editorial leader who has final responsibility for its operations and policies.
The highest-ranking editor of a publication may also be titled editor, managing ...
for years. In 1982, in the aftermath of the Israeli siege and invasion of
Beirut
Beirut, french: Beyrouth is the capital and largest city of Lebanon. , Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, which makes it the third-largest city in the Levant region. The city is situated on a peninsula at the midpoint o ...
, he lived through a period of shock, and ceased to write for a decade. Back to writing in the early 1990s, Wannous delivered to
Arabic theater a series of plays no less political than their predecessors, starting with ''The Rape'' (1990), a play about the
Arab-Israeli conflict
The Arab citizens of Israel are the largest ethnic minority in the country. They comprise a hybrid community of Israeli citizens with a heritage of Palestinian citizenship, mixed religions (Muslim, Christian or Druze), bilingual in Arabic an ...
. Afterwards, he wrote ''Fragments from History'' (1994), ''Rituals of Signs and Transformations'' (1994), ''Miserable Dreams'' (1995), ''A Day of Our Time'' (1995), and finally ''Mirage Epic'' (1996).
In 1996, he was selected by
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
and the
International Institute of Theater
The International Theatre Institute ITI is the world’s largest performing arts organisation, founded in 1948 by theatre and dance experts and UNESCO.
It has hosted various events through its history, including the Theatre of Nations, an intern ...
, to present that year's address to the world theater community during its celebration of
International Theater Day
World Theatre Day (WTD) is an international observance celebrated on 27 March. It was initiated in 1961 by the International Theatre Institute.
Initiation
World Theatre Day was initiated in 1962 by the International Theatre Institute (ITI). It ...
on March 27. This was the first selection of an Arab writer since the organization started this tradition in 1963.
Personal life
His daughter
Dima Wannous is a journalist, writer and novelist.
Death
On May 15, 1997, he died of
cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal b ...
, a disease he had battled for 5 years.
Selected works
*
The Elephant, Oh King of the Time, (1969).
*
The King is the King, (1977).
*
Hanthala's Journey from Slumber to Consciousness, (1978).
*
The Rape (1989).
*
Fragments from History, (1994).
*
Rituals of Signs and Transformations, (1994).
*
Miserable Dreams (1995).
*
A Day of Our Time (1995).
*
Mirage Epic (1996).
*
The Drunken Days
See also
*
List of Syrians
This is a list of Syrian people. Entries on this list are demonstrably notable by having a linked current article or reliable sources as footnotes against the name to verify they are notable and identify themselves as Syrian, naturalized as Syria ...
*
List of playwrights
This is a list of notable playwrights.
See also Literature; Drama; List of playwrights by nationality and date of birth; Lists of authors.
A
Ab–An
Ap–Ay
B
Ba–Be
Bi–By
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
...
*
Arabic literature
Arabic literature ( ar, الأدب العربي / ALA-LC: ''al-Adab al-‘Arabī'') is the writing, both as prose and poetry, produced by writers in the Arabic language. The Arabic word used for literature is '' Adab'', which is derived from ...
External links
The King is the King (English translation)Sa'dallah Wannus and the Theatre of Politicization
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wannous, Saadallah
Syrian dramatists and playwrights
People from Tartus Governorate
1941 births
1997 deaths
Syrian Alawites
20th-century dramatists and playwrights
Deaths from cancer in Syria