Sa‘d ibn Zayd ibn Muḥsin ( ar, سعد بن زيد بن محسن) was

Sharif and Emir of Mecca The Sharif of Mecca ( ar, شريف مكة, Sharīf Makkah) or Hejaz ( ar, شريف الحجاز, Sharīf al-Ḥijāz, links=no) was the title of the leader of the Sharifate of Mecca, traditional steward of the holy cities of Mecca and Medina and ...

from 1666 to 1672, 1692 to 1694, 1694 to 1702, and briefly in 1704.

Birth

He was born in 1052 AH (1642/1643), the son of

Zayd ibn Muhsin Zayd ibn Muḥsin ibn Ḥusayn ibn Ḥasan ibn Abī Numayy ( ar, زيد بن محسن بن حسين بن حسن بن أبي نمي) was an Emir of Mecca from 29 August 1631 to 17 March 1632 and then from 24 June 1632 to 6 July 1666, and the ancesto ...

First reign

Sharif Zayd died in Mecca on Tuesday, 3 Muharram 1077 AH (6 July 1666), after 35 years on the throne. He was survived by four sons: Sa'd, Hasan, Muhammad Yahya, and

Ahmad Ahmad ( ar, أحمد, ʾAḥmad) is an Arabic male given name common in most parts of the Muslim world. Other spellings of the name include Ahmed and Ahmet. Etymology The word derives from the root (ḥ-m-d), from the Arabic (), from the ve ...

. Only Sa'd and Hasan were present at his death; Muhammad Yahya was in

Medina Medina,, ', "the radiant city"; or , ', (), "the city" officially Al Madinah Al Munawwarah (, , Turkish: Medine-i Münevvere) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (, ), is the Holiest sites in Islam, second-holiest city in Islam, ...

and Ahmad was in

Najd Najd ( ar, نَجْدٌ, ), or the Nejd, forms the geographic center of Saudi Arabia, accounting for about a third of the country's modern population and, since the Emirate of Diriyah, acting as the base for all unification campaigns by the H ...

. After Zayd's death there was disagreement among the ashraf as to who should succeed him as Emir of Mecca. The majority sided with

Hamud ibn Abd Allah Hamud ( fa, حمود, also Romanized as Ḩamud, Hamood, and Ḩammūd) is a village in Angali Rural District, in the Central District of Bushehr County, Bushehr Province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, an ...

, whose claim lay in the fact that it was his father, Sharif

Abd Allah ibn Hasan ‘Abd Allāh ibn Ḥasan ibn Abī Numayy ( ar, عبد الله بن حسن بن أبي نمي) (died 1 January 1632) was Emir of Mecca and ruler of the Hejaz from 1630 to 1631. He was elected Emir by agreement of the ''ashraf'' on Tuesday, 28 Ra ...

, who had originally summoned Zayd from

Yemen Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, north and ...

to be co-ruler with his son

Muhammad ibn Abd Allah Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monoth ...

. Only a small party of ashraf backed Sa'd for the Emirate, namely: Mubarak ibn Muhammad al-Harith, Rajih ibn Qaytbay, Abd al-Muttalib ibn Muhammad, Mudar ibn al-Murtada, Husayn ibn Yahya, Faris ibn Barakat, and Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Ali. Both sides petitioned Imad Agha, who as sanjak-bey of Jeddah and shaykh al-haram of Mecca was the Ottoman government's representative in the land. Imad Agha decided in favor of Sa'd and sent him the

khil'ah A robe of honour ( ar, خلعة, khilʿa, plural , or ar, تشريف, tashrīf, pl. or ) was a term designating rich garments given by medieval and early modern Islamic rulers to subjects as tokens of honour, often as part of a ceremony of appoi ...

(robe of honor).

Notes

References

* * * * {{cite book, author-last=Daḥlan, author-first=Aḥmad Zaynī, title=Khulāṣat al-kalām fī bayān umarā’ al-Balad al-Ḥarām, script-title=ar:خلاصة الكلام في بيان أمراء البلد الحرام, publisher=Dār Arḍ al-Ḥaramayn, year=2007, orig-year=1887/1888, language=Arabic Banu Qatadah Sharifs of Mecca 17th-century Arabs 18th-century Arabs