SPINA-GBeta is a calculated
biomarker
In biomedical contexts, a biomarker, or biological marker, is a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition. Biomarkers are often measured and evaluated using blood, urine, or soft tissues to examine normal biological processes, p ...
for
pancreatic beta cell
Beta cells (β-cells) are a type of cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize and secrete insulin and amylin. Beta cells make up 50–70% of the cells in human islets. In patients with Type 1 diabetes, beta-cell mass and function are dimin ...
function.
[insulin that beta cells can produce per time-unit (e.g. in one second).
]
How to determine GBeta
The index is derived from a mathematical model of insulin-glucose homeostasis. For diagnostic purposes, it is calculated from fasting insulin and glucose
Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula . Glucose is overall the most abundant monosaccharide, a subcategory of carbohydrates. Glucose is mainly made by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, u ...
concentrations with:
.['I''∞): Fasting Insulin plasma concentration (μU/mL)]
'G''∞): Fasting blood glucose
Glycaemia, also known as blood sugar level, blood sugar concentration, or blood glucose level is the measure of glucose concentrated in the blood of humans or other animals. Approximately 4 grams of glucose, a simple sugar, is present in the blo ...
concentration (mg/dL)
''D''''β'': EC50 for glucose at beta cells (7 mmol/L)
''G''3: Parameter for pharmacokinetics (58,8 s/L)
Validity
SPINA-GBeta significantly correlates with the M value in glucose clamp studies and (better than HOMA-Beta) with the two-hour value in oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), glucose rise in OGTT, subscapular skinfold, truncal fat content and the HbA1c
Glycated hemoglobin, also known as HbA1c, glycohemoglobin, hemoglobin A1c, A1C, is a form of hemoglobin (Hb) that is chemically linked to a sugar. Most monosaccharides, including glucose, galactose and fructose, spontaneously (i.e. non-enzymati ...
fraction.
See also
* SPINA-GR
* SPINA-GD
The sum activity of peripheral deiodinases (''GD'', also referred to as deiodination capacity, total deiodinase activity or, if calculated from levels of thyroid hormones, as SPINA-GD) is the maximum amount of triiodothyronine produced per time-uni ...
* SPINA-GT
* Homeostatic model assessment The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a method used to quantify insulin resistance and beta-cell function. It was first described under the name HOMA by Matthews ''et al.'' in 1985.
Derivation
The HOMA authors used data from physiological stu ...
* QUICKI
Notes
References
External links
Functions for R and S for calculating SPINA-GBeta and SPINA-GR(Permanent DOI)
{{Authority control
Diabetes
Endocrinology
Human homeostasis
Endocrine procedures
Static endocrine function tests