Cavin-2 or Serum deprivation-response protein (SDPR) is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''SDPR''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
.
Cavin-2 is highly expressed in a variety of human endothelial cells.
This gene encodes a calcium-independent
phospholipid
Phospholipids, are a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic "tails" derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue (usually a glycerol molecule). Marine phospholipids typ ...
-binding protein whose
expression
Expression may refer to:
Linguistics
* Expression (linguistics), a word, phrase, or sentence
* Fixed expression, a form of words with a specific meaning
* Idiom, a type of fixed expression
* Metaphorical expression, a particular word, phrase, o ...
increases in
serum-starved cells. This protein has also been shown to be a substrate for
protein kinase C
In cell biology, Protein kinase C, commonly abbreviated to PKC (EC 2.7.11.13), is a family of protein kinase enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and t ...
(PKC) phosphorylation.
Function
Cavin-2 is required for blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) in humans and zebrafish and required also for the endothelial cell proliferation, migration and invasion in humans.
Cavin-2 plays an important role in endothelial cell maintenance by regulating eNOS activity.
Cavin-2 controls the generation of
nitric oxide (NO) in human endothelial cells by controlling the activity and stability of the protein
endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS).
Secretion
Cavin-2 is highly secreted from human endothelial cells (
HUVEC
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are cells derived from the endothelium of veins from the umbilical cord. They are used as a laboratory model system for the study of the function and pathology of endothelial cells (e.g., angiogenesi ...
), they are secreted through
endothelial microparticles (EMPs) but not
exosomes and is required for EMP biogenesis.
Clinical significance
SDPR is shown to act as a
metastasis
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; the term is typically used when referring to metastasis by a cancerous tumor. The newly pathological sites, then, ...
suppressor by
xenograft
Xenotransplantation (''xenos-'' from the Greek meaning "foreign" or strange), or heterologous transplant, is the transplantation of living cells, tissues or organs from one species to another. Such cells, tissues or organs are called xenograft ...
studies utilizing breast cancer cell lines.
SDPR may elicit its metastasis suppressor function by directly interacting with
ERK and limiting its pro-survival role.
Moreover, it is suggested that SDPR is silenced during breast cancer progression by
promoter DNA methylation
DNA methylation is a biological process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule. Methylation can change the activity of a DNA segment without changing the sequence. When located in a gene promoter, DNA methylation typically acts t ...
.
Metastasis suppressor role of SDPR may go beyond breast cancer since tumor samples from bladder, colorectal, lung, pancreatic, and ovarian cancers as well as sarcomas also exhibited loss of SDPR expression.
References
Further reading
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