The M-11 Shtorm (russian: М-11 «Шторм»; en,

Storm A storm is any disturbed state of the natural environment or the atmosphere An atmosphere () is a layer of gas or layers of gases that envelop a planet, and is held in place by the gravity of the planetary body. A planet retains an atmos ...

) is a Russian

naval A navy, naval force, or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval warfare, naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral zone, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and ...

surface-to-air missile A surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of anti-aircraft syst ...

system. Its

GRAU The Main Missile and Artillery Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (), commonly referred to by its transliterated Russian acronym GRAU (), is a department of the Russian Ministry of Defense. It is subordinate to the ...

designation is 4K60. Its

NATO reporting name NATO reporting names are code names for military equipment from Russia, China, and historically, the Eastern Bloc (Soviet Union and other nations of the Warsaw Pact). They provide unambiguous and easily understood English words in a uniform manne ...

is SA-N-3 Goblet. The system was first installed on , an

anti-submarine warfare carrier An anti-submarine warfare carrier (ASW carrier) (US hull classification symbol CVS) is a type of small aircraft carrier whose primary role is as the nucleus of an anti-submarine warfare hunter-killer group. This type of ship came into existen ...

, which was commissioned in 1967, but the system was not officially accepted into service until 1969. Unusually for such systems, it has no land-based counterpart. It was only deployed on Russian vessels, and was never used in combat.

Development

Development of the M-11 Storm system was first authorised on 25 July 1959. Work was carried out by Scientific Research Institute 10 (NII-10) that was also working on the M-1 Volna system. It was originally intended to be installed on the

Project 1126 A project is any undertaking, carried out individually or collaboratively and possibly involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a particular goal. An alternative view sees a project managerially as a sequence of even ...

warship, but both the ship and missile system were canceled in June 1961. However, the missile project was re-activated only a month later for installation in the Project 1123 ''Moskva''-class helicopter carrier. The design was completed in April 1962, and included a modified version of the ZIF-101 launcher, that was used with the M-1 missile system. The launcher design proved to be impractical, the resulting redesign delayed production of prototypes until 1964. Between 1964 and 1966

sea trial A sea trial is the testing phase of a watercraft (including boats, ships, and submarines). It is also referred to as a " shakedown cruise" by many naval personnel. It is usually the last phase of construction and takes place on open water, and ...

s were conducted on the missile testbed ''OS-24'' which had previously been the

heavy cruiser The heavy cruiser was a type of cruiser, a naval warship designed for long range and high speed, armed generally with naval guns of roughly 203 mm (8 inches) in caliber, whose design parameters were dictated by the Washington Naval Tr ...

. The system was installed on , which was commissioned on 25 December 1967, but development continued until 1969 when it was officially accepted into service.

Description

The 4K60/41K65 missiles are carried in pairs on rotating

twin rail launchers Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy.MedicineNet > Definition of TwinLast Editorial Review: 19 June 2000 Twins can be either ''monozygotic'' ('identical'), meaning that they develop from one zygote, which splits and forms two em ...

and fly at between Mach 2 and 3. They are long, weigh each with an warheads. The effective altitude is around and the earlier missiles have an engagement range of while the 41K65 extends the maximum range to . Guidance is via

radio command Command guidance is a type of missile guidance in which a ground station or aircraft relay signals to a guided missile via radio control or through a wire connecting the missile to the launcher and tell the missile where to steer to intercept its ...

. The radar associated with the M-11 is known as "Head Lights", often found in conjunction with a "Top Sail" search radar. The initial version of this system, the 4K60 M-11 "Shtorm" with V611 missiles is known to the

US DoD The United States Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government directly related to national secur ...

as the SA-N-3A. The upgraded version is the 4K65 "Shtorm-M" with V611M missiles and is designated the SA-N-3B.

Variants

*4K60 Shtorm V611 (SA-N-3A) - Initial version *4K65 Shtorm-M V611M (SA-N-3B) - Improved version

Installations

A total of 25 systems were produced and installed on the following classes of ships: * s (1967–1991) – two twin B-189 launchers, each fed from twin six-round drum magazines, for a total of 48 missiles. * Kara-class guided missile cruisers (1969–2014, one in reserve until April 2020) – two B-189 twin launchers, each fed from twin six-round drum magazines, 80 missiles total. * Kresta II-class guided missile cruisers (1968–1993) – two twin launchers. 72 missiles total. * s (first launched 1970, last sold to India 2004) – two twin launchers.

Former operators

* *

References