The Basilica of

Saint Praxedes Saint Praxedes is a traditional Christian saint of the 2nd century. Her name is sometimes rendered as Praxedis (Πραξηδίς) or Praxed. Biography Little is known about Praxedes, and not all accounts agree. According to Jacobus de Voragi ...

( la, Basilica Sanctae Praxedis, it, Basilica di Santa Prassede all’Esquillino), commonly known in Italian as Santa Prassede, is an early medieval

titular Titular may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * Title character in a narrative work, the character referred to in its title Religion * Titular (Catholicism), a cardinal who holds a titulus, one of the main churches of Rome ** Titular bisho ...

church and

minor basilica In the Catholic Church, a basilica is a designation given by the Pope to a church building. Basilicas are distinguished for ceremonial purposes from other churches. The building need not be a basilica in the architectural sense (a rectangular ...

located near the papal basilica of

Saint Mary Major The Basilica of Saint Mary Major ( it, Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, ; la, Basilica Sanctae Mariae Maioris), or church of Santa Maria Maggiore, is a Major papal basilica as well as one of the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome and the larges ...

, on Via di Santa Prassede, 9/a in rione Monti of

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

. The current Cardinal Priest of ''Titulus Sancta Praxedis'' is Paul Poupard. Dedicated to the second-century

saint Praxedes Saint Praxedes is a traditional Christian saint of the 2nd century. Her name is sometimes rendered as Praxedis (Πραξηδίς) or Praxed. Biography Little is known about Praxedes, and not all accounts agree. According to Jacobus de Voragi ...

, who with her sister

Pudentiana Pudentiana is a traditional Christian saint and martyress of the 2nd century who refused to worship the Roman Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Antoninus Pius as deities. She is sometimes locally known as Potentiana and is often coupled with her sis ...

, was said to have provided comfort and care to Christians persecuted in the Roman Empire.

History

The church incorporates mosaic decoration that mark it among the oldest churches in Rome. A church near this site was present since the fifth century, but the church in its current place and general layout was commissioned by

Pope Hadrian I Pope Adrian I ( la, Hadrianus I; died 25 December 795) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 1 February 772 to his death. He was the son of Theodore, a Roman nobleman. Adrian and his predecessors had to contend with periodic ...

around the year 780 to house the relics (bones) of

( it, S. Prassede) and

Saint Pudentiana Pudentiana is a traditional Christian saint and martyress of the 2nd century who refused to worship the Roman Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Antoninus Pius as deities. She is sometimes locally known as Potentiana and is often coupled with her sis ...

( it, S. Pudenziana), the daughters of

Saint Pudens Russian icon Saint Pudens was an early Christian saint and martyr. He is mentioned as a layman of the Roman Church in 2 Timothy 4:21. He is said to have been the son of Quintus Cornelius Pudens, a Roman Senator, and his wife Priscilla. Accordi ...

, traditionally

St. Peter ) (Simeon, Simon) , birth_date = , birth_place = Bethsaida, Gaulanitis, Syria, Roman Empire , death_date = Between AD 64–68 , death_place = probably Vatican Hill, Rome, Italia, Roman Empire , parents = John (or Jonah; Jona) , occupation ...

's first Christian convert in Rome. The church was built atop of the remains of a 4th-century ancient Roman Thermae, privately owned by the family of Pudentiana, and called ''Terme di Novato''. The two female saints were murdered for providing Christian burial for early

martyr A martyr (, ''mártys'', "witness", or , ''marturia'', stem , ''martyr-'') is someone who suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, or refusing to renounce or advocate, a religious belief or other cause as demanded by an externa ...

s in defiance of Roman law. The basilica was enlarged and decorated by

Pope Paschal I Pope Paschal I ( la, Paschalis I; died 824) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 25 January 817 to his death in 824. Paschal was a member of an aristocratic Roman family. Before his election to the papacy, he was abbot of St. ...

in c. 822. Pope Paschal, who reigned 817–824, was at the forefront of the

Carolingian Renaissance The Carolingian Renaissance was the first of three medieval renaissances, a period of cultural activity in the Carolingian Empire. It occurred from the late 8th century to the 9th century, taking inspiration from the State church of the Roman Emp ...

started and advocated by the emperor

Charlemagne Charlemagne ( , ) or Charles the Great ( la, Carolus Magnus; german: Karl der Große; 2 April 747 – 28 January 814), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first Holy ...

. They desired to get back to the foundations of Christianity theologically and artistically. Paschal, thus, began two, linked, ambitious programs: the recovery of martyrs' bones from the

catacomb Catacombs are man-made subterranean passageways for religious practice. Any chamber used as a burial place is a catacomb, although the word is most commonly associated with the Roman Empire. Etymology and history The first place to be referred ...

s of Rome and an almost unprecedented church building campaign. Paschal dug up numerous skeletons and transplanted them to this church. The ''Titulus S. Praxedis'' was established by

Pope Evaristus Pope Evaristus was the bishop of Rome from 99 to his death 107. He was also known as Aristus and is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Catholic Church, and Oriental Orthodoxy. It is likely that John the Apostle died during ...

, around 112. While on a pilgrimage to Rome with his father around 855-856, the young and future English king

Alfred the Great Alfred the Great (alt. Ælfred 848/849 – 26 October 899) was King of the West Saxons from 871 to 886, and King of the Anglo-Saxons from 886 until his death in 899. He was the youngest son of King Æthelwulf and his first wife Osburh, who bot ...

was reportedly deeply impressed and inspired by the church's beauty. The inscriptions found in Santa Prassede, a valuable source illustrating the history of the church, have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella. The church contains the oratory of San Zenone. The church provided the inspiration for

Robert Browning Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose dramatic monologues put him high among the Victorian poets. He was noted for irony, characterization, dark humour, social commentary, historical settings ...

's poem "The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed's Church."

Interior

The main altarpiece is a canvas of ''St Praxedes Gathering the Blood of the Martyrs'' (c. 1730–35) by Domenico Muratori.

Mosaic

The most famous element of the church is the

mosaic A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface. Mosaics are often used as floor and wall decoration, and were particularly pop ...

decorative program. Paschal hired a team of professional mosaicists to complete the work in the apse, the apsidal arch, and the triumphal arch. In the apse, Jesus is in the center, flanked by Sts. Peter and Paul who present Prassede and Pudenziana to God. On the far left is Paschal, with the square halo of the living, presenting a model of the church as an offering to Jesus. Below runs an inscription of Paschal's, hoping that this offering will be sufficient to secure his place in heaven. On the apsidal arch are twelve men on each side, holding wreaths of victory, welcoming the souls into heaven. Above them are symbols of the four Gospel writers: Mark, the lion; Matthew, the man; Luke, the bull; and John, the eagle, as they surround a lamb on a throne, a symbol of Christ's eventual return to Earth. Those mosaics, as well as those in the Chapel of

Saint Zeno Zeno of Verona ( it, Zenone da Verona; about 300 – 371 or 380) was either an early Christian Bishop of Verona or a martyr. He is a saint in the Roman Catholic Church and in the Orthodox Church. Life and historicity According to a Veronese au ...

, a funerary chapel which Pope Paschal built for his mother, Theodora, are the best-known aspects of the church. Also noteworthy are ancient frescoes. Ascending a spiral staircase, one enters a small room, covered in scaffolding; on the wall is a fresco cycle, dating most likely from the 8th century. The frescoes probably depict the life-cycle of the name saint of the church, Praxedes.

Pillar of the Flogging

Monti - santa Prassede colonna flagellazione 01396

Santa Prassede also houses an alleged segment of the pillar or column upon which

Jesus Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label=Hebrew/Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious ...

was flogged and tortured before his crucifixion in

Jerusalem Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...

. The relic is alleged to have been discovered in the early 4th century by Saint

Helena Helena may refer to: People *Helena (given name), a given name (including a list of people and characters with the name) *Katri Helena (born 1945), Finnish singer *Helena, mother of Constantine I Places Greece * Helena (island) Guyana * ...

(mother of the Roman Emperor

Constantine I Constantine I ( , ; la, Flavius Valerius Constantinus, ; ; 27 February 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337, the first one to Constantine the Great and Christianity, convert to Christiani ...

) who at the age of 80 undertook a

pilgrimage A pilgrimage is a journey, often into an unknown or foreign place, where a person goes in search of new or expanded meaning about their self, others, nature, or a higher good, through the experience. It can lead to a personal transformation, aft ...

to the

Holy Land The Holy Land; Arabic: or is an area roughly located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Eastern Bank of the Jordan River, traditionally synonymous both with the biblical Land of Israel and with the region of Palestine. The term "Holy ...

, where she founded churches for Christian worship and rescued relics associated with the crucifixion of Jesus on

Calvary Calvary ( la, Calvariae or ) or Golgotha ( grc-gre, Γολγοθᾶ, ''Golgothâ'') was a site immediately outside Jerusalem's walls where Jesus was said to have been crucified according to the canonical Gospels. Since at least the early mediev ...

. In 1223, Cardinal Giovanni Colonna, as emissary to the holy land in 1223 was said to have obtained this artifact and brought it to Rome. Among these legendary relics retrieved by Helena, which included pieces of the

True Cross The True Cross is the cross upon which Jesus was said to have been crucified, particularly as an object of religious veneration. There are no early accounts that the apostles or early Christians preserved the physical cross themselves, althoug ...

(now venerated at St. Peter's Basilica with fragments in

Santa Croce in Gerusalemme The Basilica of the Holy Cross in Jerusalem or Basilica di Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, ( la, Basilica Sanctae Crucis in Hierusalem) is a Catholic Minor basilica and titular church in rione Esquilino, Rome, Italy. It is one of the Seven Pilgrim ...

, also in Rome) and wood from the Jesus' crib enshrined at S. Maria Maggiore. These items, including the Santa Prassede pillar, lack indisputable authenticity, due to absence of forensic evidence and the abundance of other objects claimed during the medieval period to have the same historic function.

List of cardinals

* Benedict, under

Pope Gregory VII Pope Gregory VII ( la, Gregorius VII; 1015 – 25 May 1085), born Hildebrand of Sovana ( it, Ildebrando di Soana), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 22 April 1073 to his death in 1085. He is venerated as a saint ...

(1073–1085) * Deodatus (1091), appointee of

Antipope Clement III Guibert or Wibert of Ravenna ( 10298 September 1100) was an Italian prelate, archbishop of Ravenna, who was elected pope in 1080 in opposition to Pope Gregory VII and took the name Clement III. Gregory was the leader of the movement in the chur ...

* Romanus (1105–1112) *

Lambert Lambert may refer to People *Lambert (name), a given name and surname * Lambert, Bishop of Ostia (c. 1036–1130), became Pope Honorius II *Lambert, Margrave of Tuscany ( fl. 929–931), also count and duke of Lucca *Lambert (pianist), stage-name ...

(1112–1115) * Desiderius (1115–1138) * Chrysogonus (1138–1141) * Hubald of Lucca (1141–1158) * William (1173) *

Radulfus Nigellus Radulfus Nigellus (died 30 December 1188) was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was a native of Pisa, or perhaps of France. Life Radulfus held the title ''magister'', though the source of the title and the expertise which supported it ...

(1188) * Rufinus (1190–1192) Klaus Ganzer (1963), ''Die Entwicklung des auswärtigen Kardinalats im hohen Mittelalter. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Kardinalkollegiums vom 11.bis 13. Jahrhundert'' , Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, pp. 146-148. *

Soffred of Pistoia Soffredo (died 14 December 1210, Pistoia) was an Italian cardinal. His name is also given as Soffredo Errico Gaetani, whilst his Christian name is also spelled Soffrido or Goffredo in some sources. Life Born in Pistoia, he was made cardinal deac ...

(1193–1210) *

Giovanni da Ferentino John of Ferentino, in Italian Giovanni da Ferentino (c. 1150 – 1217), was an Italian notary, curialist and cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as the cardinal deacon of Santa Maria in Via Lata from 1204 until 1212 and then as the cardinal ...

(1212–1217) * Giovanni Colonna di Carbognano (1217–1245) * Ancher Pantaleon (1262–1286) *

Pedro Gómez de Barroso Pedro is a masculine given name. Pedro is the Spanish language, Spanish, Portuguese language, Portuguese, and Galician language, Galician name for ''Peter (given name), Peter''. Its French equivalent is Pierre while its English and Germanic fo ...

(1327–1341) *

Gilles Riguad The Gilles are the oldest and principal participants in the Carnival of Binche in Belgium. They go out on Shrove Tuesday from 4 am until late hours and dance to traditional songs. Other cities, such as La Louvière and Nivelles, have a traditio ...

(1350–1353) *

Marco da Viterbo Marcus of Viterbo (1304–1369) was an Italian Franciscan. He became Minister General of his order in 1359, a papal legate, and in 1366 a Cardinal. He died of plague. A monument to him is in the Chiesa di S. Francesco in Viterbo Viterbo (; V ...

(1366–1369) *

Pedro Gómez de Barroso Albornoz Pedro is a masculine given name. Pedro is the Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician name for ''Peter''. Its French equivalent is Pierre while its English and Germanic form is Peter. The counterpart patronymic surname of the name Pedro, meaning " ...

(1371–1374) *

Pietro Pileo di Prata Pietro Pileo di Prata (or da Prata) (c.1330–1400) was an Italian bishop and Cardinal. He was a significant diplomat and go-between in the affairs of his times, and was nicknamed the "cardinal with three hats", which he obtained successivel ...

(1378–1384) **

Tommaso Ammanati Tommaso is an Italian given name. It has also been used as a surname. Notable people with the name include: Given name A * Tommaso Acquaviva d'Aragona (1600–1672), Roman Catholic prelate * Tommaso Aldrovandini (1653–1736), Italian painter of ...

(1385–1396), loyal to the Avignon Papacy **

Pedro Fernández de Frías Pedro is a masculine given name. Pedro is the Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician name for ''Peter''. Its French equivalent is Pierre while its English and Germanic form is Peter. The counterpart patronymic surname of the name Pedro, meaning ...

(1405–1412), loyal to the Avignon and Pisa papacies *

Antonio Calvi Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular male ...

(1405–1409) * Raimond Mairose (1426–1427) *

Jean Le Jeune Jean may refer to: People * Jean (female given name) * Jean (male given name) * Jean (surname) Fictional characters * Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character * Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel ''Les Misérables'' and its adaptations * Jea ...

(1440–1441) *

Alain de Coëtivy Alain (II) de Coëtivy (8 November 1407 – 4 May 1474) was a prelate from a Breton noble family. He was bishop of Avignon, Uzès, Nîmes and of Dol, titular cardinal of Santa Prassede, then cardinal-bishop of Palestrina and cardinal-bishop o ...

(1448–1465); ''

in commendam In canon law, commendam (or ''in commendam'') was a form of transferring an ecclesiastical benefice ''in trust'' to the ''custody'' of a patron. The phrase ''in commendam'' was originally applied to the provisional occupation of an ecclesiastical ...

'' (1465–1474) *

Giovanni Arcimboldo Giovanni Arcimboldi (died 1488) is called the Cardinal of Novara or the Cardinal of Milan and was an Italians, Italian Catholic Church, Roman Catholic Bishop (Catholic Church), bishop and Cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal. He served many times as ...

(1476–1488) *

Antoniotto Pallavicini Antonio Gentile Pallavicini (Genoa, 1441 – 1507) was an Italian Cardinal. He was considered papabile in 1492. Bishop of Frascati from April until December 1503; later bishop of Palestrina. He was bishop of Ventimiglia from 1484; then bi ...

(1489–1503) *

Gabriele de’ Gabrielli Gabriele is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include: Given name Surname *Al Gabriele, American comic book artist *Angel Gabriele (1956–2016), American comic book artist * Corrado Gabriele (born 1966), Italian polit ...

(1507–1511) *

Christopher Bainbridge Christopher Bainbridge ( 1462/1464 – 14 July 1514) was an English Cardinal of the Catholic Church. Of Westmorland origins, he was a nephew of Bishop Thomas Langton of Winchester, represented the continuation of Langton's influence and teaching ...

(1511–1514) *

Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte (died 20 September 1533) was an Italians, Italian Catholic Church, Roman Catholic Bishop (Catholic Church), bishop and Cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal. Early years, ca. 1462–1503 Antonio Maria Ciocchi del M ...

(1514–1521) *

Ippolito de’ Medici Ippolito or Eppolito is an Italian surname and given name, and the Italian form of the name of Saint Hippolytus of Rome. It may refer to: Given name * Ippolito Adobrandini, birth name of Pope Clement VIII (1536–1605) * Ippolito Aldobrandini (card ...

(1529–1532) *

Tommaso De Vio Thomas Cajetan (; 20 February 14699 August 1534), also known as Gaetanus, commonly Tommaso de Vio or Thomas de Vio, was an Italian philosopher, theologian, cardinal (from 1517 until his death) and the Master of the Order of Preachers 1508 to 151 ...

(1534) *

Francesco Cornaro Francesco Cornaro may refer to: * Francesco Cornaro (1478–1543), Italian cardinal * Francesco Cornaro (1547–1598), Italian cardinal * Francesco Cornaro (Doge) (1585–1656), Doge of Venice See also * House of Cornaro The House of Cornaro ...

(1535–1541) *

Philippe de la Chambre Philippe de La Chambre (c. 1490 – 1550) was a French Benedictine monk and Abbot, and Cardinal. Family His father was Louis de la Chambre, vicomte de Maurienne. His mother (Louis' second wife) was Anne de la Tour, daughter of Bertrand de la Tour ...

(1541–1542) *

Gasparo Contarini Gasparo Contarini (16 October 1483 – 24 August 1542) was an Italian diplomat, cardinal and Bishop of Belluno. He was one of the first proponents of the dialogue with Protestants, after the Reformation. Biography He was born in Venice, the eldes ...

(1542) *

Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte Pope Julius III ( la, Iulius PP. III; it, Giulio III; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 February 1550 to his death in March 155 ...

(1542–1543) *

Miguel de Silva --> Miguel is a given name and surname, the Portuguese and Spanish form of the Hebrew name Michael. It may refer to: Places *Pedro Miguel, a parish in the municipality of Horta and the island of Faial in the Azores Islands *São Miguel (disambi ...

(1543–1552) *

Cristoforo Ciocchi del Monte Cristoforo may refer to: See also * Cristoforo Colombo (disambiguation) * Cristian (disambiguation) Cristian is the Romanian and Spanish form of the male given name Christian. In Romanian, it is also a surname. Cristian may refer to: Peop ...

(1552–1564) * Charles Borromeo (1564–1584) *

Nicolas de Pellevé Nicolas Pellevé. Nicolas de Pellevé (18 October 1518 – 24 March 1594) was a French archbishop and Cardinal. He was a major figure of the Catholic League. Early life Nicolas de Pellevé, the second son of Charles de Pellevé, Sieur de Jou ...

(1584–1594) *

Alessandro Ottaviano de’ Medici Alessandro is both a given name and a surname, the Italian form of the name Alexander. Notable people with the name include: People with the given name Alessandro * Alessandro Allori (1535–1607), Italian portrait painter * Alessandro Baricco ...

(1594–1600) *

Simeone Tagliavia d’Aragona Simeone may refer to: *Carmelo Simeone (1934–2014), Argentine former football player *Diego Simeone (born 1970), Argentine football manager and former player *Lee Jason Simeone (born 1980), English musician *Giovanni Simeone (born 1995), Argentine ...

(1600) * Antonio Maria Galli (1600–1605) *

Ottavio Acquaviva d’Aragona Ottavio is the Italian form of Octavius. Its feminine given name version is Ottavia. Ottavio may refer to: Given name * Ottavio Cinquanta, the President of the International Skating Union * Ottavio Leoni, Italian painter * Ottavio Piccolomini, (15 ...

(1605–1612) * Bartolomeo Cesi (1613–1620) *

Roberto Bellarmino Robert Bellarmine, SJ ( it, Roberto Francesco Romolo Bellarmino; 4 October 1542 – 17 September 1621) was an Italian Jesuit and a cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was canonized a saint in 1930 and named Doctor of the Church, one of only 37. ...

(1620–1621) *

François d’Escoubleau de Sourdis François () is a French masculine given name and surname, equivalent to the English name Francis. People with the given name * Francis I of France, King of France (), known as "the Father and Restorer of Letters" * Francis II of France, King o ...

(1621–1628) *

Marcello Lante Marcello is a common masculine Italian given name. It is a variant of Marcellus (name), Marcellus. The Spanish and Portuguese version of the name is Marcelo, differing in having only one "l", while the Greek form is Markellos. Etymology The name ...

(1628–1629) * Roberto Ubaldini (1629–1635) * Guido Bentivoglio (1635–1639) *

Giulio Roma Giulio Roma (16 September 1584 – 16 September 1652) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal and Bishop of Recanati and Loreto. Roma was born 16 September 1584 in Milan, one of 16 children born to noble parents. He was educated at the University o ...

(1639–1644) *

Ernst Adalbert von Harrach Count Ernst Adalbert von Harrach (4 November 1598 – 25 October 1667) was an Austrian Catholic Cardinal who was appointed Archbishop of Prague and Prince-Bishop of Trento. His name in Czech is Arnošt Vojtěch hrabě z Harrachu. Early life Adal ...

(1644–1667) *

Giulio Gabrielli Giulio Gabrielli (1604 – 13 August 1677) was an Italian Catholic cardinal. He is sometimes referred to as Giulio Gabrielli the Elder to distinguish him from Giulio Gabrielli the Younger. Early life Gabrielli was born 1604 in Rome, the son of ...

(1667) *

Virginio Orsini Gentile Virginio Orsini (c. 1434 – 8 January 1497) was an Italian condottiero and vassal of the papal throne and the Kingdom of Naples, mainly remembered as the powerful head of the Orsini family during its feud with Pope Alexander VI (Rodri ...

(1667–1668) * Alderano Cybo-Malaspina (1668–1677) *

Pietro Vito Ottoboni Pope Alexander VIII ( it, Alessandro VIII; 22 April 1610 – 1 February 1691), born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 October 1689 to his death in February 1691. He is to date the las ...

(1680–1681) *

Francesco Albizzi Francesco Albizzi (24 October 1593 in Cesena – 5 October 1684, Rome) was an Italian cardinal. As a member of the Roman Inquisition, he worked to increase the standards of jurisprudence in Rome, and establish "rigorous standards of evidence an ...

(1681–1684) *

Decio Azzolini der Jüngere Decio is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include: Given name * Decio Azzolini (seniore) (1549-1587), Italian Roman Catholic cardinal * Decio Carafa (1556-1626), Italian Archbishop * Decio Termisani (1565-1600), Ital ...

(1684–1689) *

Giulio Spinola Giulio Spinola (1612–1691) was a Roman Catholic cardinal. Biography On 10 Feb 1658, was consecrated bishop by Girolamo Boncompagni, Archbishop of Bologna, with Tommaso Carafa, Bishop of Capaccio, and Bartolomeo Cresconi, Bishop of Caserta, ...

(1689–1691) *

Francesco Maidalchini Francesco Maidalchini (21 April 1631 – 13 June 1700) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Early life Maidalchini was born 12 April 1631 in Viterbo, the son of Andrea Maidalchini and Pacifica Feliziani. His father was the b ...

(1691–1700) * Galeazzo Marescotti (1700–1708) *

Fabrizio Spada Fabrizio Spada (Rome, 17 March 1643 – Rome, 15 June 1717) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, and served as Secretary of State under Pope Innocent XII. Life Born on March 17, 1643 in Rome, he was the son of Orazio Spada and ...

(1708–1710) *

Bandino Panciatichi Bandino Panciatici (10 July 1629 – 21 April 1718) as a Roman Catholic cardinal from 1690 to 1718. Biography Bandino Panciatici was born in Florence on July 10, 1629. He came from a Pistoian noble family, and was a relative of Pope Clement IX. ...

(1710–1718) *

Francesco Barberini, Jr. Francesco, the Italian (and original) version of the personal name "Francis", is the most common given name among males in Italy. Notable persons with that name include: People with the given name Francesco * Francesco I (disambiguation), seve ...

(1718–1721) * Giuseppe Sacripante (1721–1726) * Filippo Antonio Gualterio (1726–1728) *

Lodovico Pico della Mirandola Lodovico is an Italian masculine given name, and may refer to: * Cigoli (1559–1613), Italian painter and architect * Lodovico, Count Corti (1823–1888), Italian diplomat * Lodovico Agostini (1534–1590), Italian composer * Lodovico Altieri (180 ...

(1728–1731) * Antonio Felice Zondadari (1731–1737) *

Giorgio Spinola Giorgio may refer to: * Castel Giorgio, ''comune'' in Umbria, Italy * Giorgio (name), an Italian given name and surname * Giorgio Moroder, or Giorgio, Italian record producer ** ''Giorgio'' (album), an album by Giorgio Moroder * "Giorgio" (song), ...

(1737–1738) * Luis Belluga y Moncada (1738–1743) *

Angelo Maria Quirini Angelo Maria Querini or Quirini (30 March 1680 – 6 January 1755) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Biography Born in Venice, he entered the Benedictine Order in Florence in 1695 and was ordained in 1702. From 1710 to 1714, ...

OSBCas (1743–1755) *

Domenico Silvio Passionei Domenico Silvio Passionei (2 December 1682 – 5 July 1761) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Biography Born in Fossombrone near Urbino, Marche, he went to Rome in 1695, where he studied philosophy at the Collegio Clementino ...

(1755–1759) *

Giacomo Oddi Giacomo Oddi (11 November 1679 - 2 May 1770) was an Italian archbishop and cardinal. Biography He was born to a local aristocratic family in Perugia and was ordained a priest on 30 May 1723. He was appointed titular archbishop of Laodicea in Ph ...

(1759–1763) *

Carlo Vittorio Amedeo delle Lanze Carlo Vittorio Amedeo Delle Lanze (1712–1784) was an Italian clergyman, a Roman Catholic cardinal.
From Prof.Miranda website< ...

(1763–1783) *

Vitaliano Borromeo Vitaliano I Borromeo (died 1449) was an Italian Ghibelline nobleman from Milan, first Count of Arona. His father was Giacomo Vitaliani, ambassador of Padua to Venice, and his mother Margherita was of the prosperous family of Borromeo. He married ...

(1783–1793) * Francesco Saverio de Zelada (1793–1801) *

Antonio Dugnani Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular male ...

(1801–1807) *

Carlo Antonio Giuseppe Bellisomi Carlo Antonio Giuseppe Bellisomi (30 July 1736 in Pavia – 9 August 1808 in Cesena, Emilia-Romagna) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and apostolic nuncio. Life He was made a priest on 29 May 1763 and on 11 September 1775 titular bisho ...

(1807–1808) * ''vacant'' (1808–1814) *

Giovanni Filippo Gallarati Scotti Giovanni may refer to: * Giovanni (name), an Italian male given name and surname * Giovanni (meteorology), a Web interface for users to analyze NASA's gridded data * ''Don Giovanni'', a 1787 opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, based on the legend of ...

(1814–1818); ''in commendam'' (1818–1819) * ''vacant'' (1819–1823) *

Francesco Serlupi Crescenzi Francesco, the Italian (and original) version of the personal name "Francis", is the most common given name among males in Italy. Notable persons with that name include: People with the given name Francesco * Francesco I (disambiguation), sever ...

(1823–1828) *

Antonio Domenico Gamberini Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular male ...

(1829–1839); ''in commendam'' (1839–1841) *

Paolo Polidori Paolo Polidori (4 January 1778 – 23 April 1847) was an Italian Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinal of the Catholic Church. Biography Paolo Polidori was born in Iesi, Marche; where he studied at the seminary of Perugia. He was ordained as ...

(1841–1847) *

Luigi Vannicelli Casoni is a fictional character featured in video games and related media released by Nintendo. Created by Japanese video game designer Shigeru Miyamoto, Luigi is portrayed as the younger fraternal twin brother and sidekick of Mario, Nintendo's masc ...

(1847–1877) * Edoardo Borromeo (1878–1881) * Angelo Bianchi (1883–1889) *

Tommaso Maria Zigliara Tommaso Maria Zigliara, OP (29 October 1833 – 11 May 1893) was a Corsican priest of the Catholic Church, a member of the Dominicans, a theologian, philosopher and a cardinal. Early life Zigliara was born on 29 October 1833 at Bonifacio a s ...

(1891–1893) *

Gaetano Aloisi Masella Gaetano Aloisi Masella (30 September 1826 – 22 November 1902) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 1887 and served as Prefect of the Congregation of Rites from 1899 until his death. Bi ...

(1893–1902) * Rafael Merry del Val y Zulueta (1903–1930) * Raffaele Carlo Rossi (1930–1948) * ''vacant'' (1948–1953) * Pietro Ciriaci (1953–1964) *

Owen McCann Owen McCann (26 June 1907 – 26 March 1994) was a South African cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and journalist. He served as Archbishop of Cape Town from 1950 to 1984 (the first year as Apostolic Vicar) and was elevated to the cardinal ...

(1965–1994) * Paul Poupard (since 1996)

Gallery

File:Santa Prassede - plan.JPG, Plan. File:Santa Prassede Façade.jpg, Internal façade File:Santa prassede 051218-01.JPG, Entrance File:Santa Prassede (Rome) - Interior.jpg, Interior File:Apsis mosaic S Prassede Rome W6.JPG, Triumphal arch mosaic File:Mosaic of the vault of the chapel of San Zeno (IX century).jpg, Ceiling of the Chapel of Saint Zeno File:S Prassede Krypta Rome W1.JPG, Crypt . File:Apsis - Paschalis I..gif,

presenting a model of the Basilica to Christ. His square halo indicates that he was alive when the mosaic was made. File:GBSantoni.jpg, Funerary monument of Bishop

Giovanni Battista Santoni Giovanni may refer to: * Giovanni (name), an Italian male given name and surname * Giovanni (meteorology), a Web interface for users to analyze NASA's gridded data * ''Don Giovanni'', a 1787 opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, based on the legend of ...

(† 1592); bust by

Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini Gian Lorenzo (or Gianlorenzo) Bernini (, , ; Italian Giovanni Lorenzo; 7 December 159828 November 1680) was an Italian sculptor and architect. While a major figure in the world of architecture, he was more prominently the leading sculptor of his ...

, circa 1612. File:Domenico Pestrini Tesauro Beccaria.jpg, "San Tesauro Beccaria" by Domenico Pestrini File:Tomb of Giovanni Carbone.jpg, Tomb of

Giovanni Carbone Giovanni may refer to: * Giovanni (name), an Italian male given name and surname * Giovanni (meteorology), a Web interface for users to analyze NASA's gridded data * ''Don Giovanni'', a 1787 opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, based on the legend of ...

, 14th century

References

Bibliography

* B. M. Apollonj Ghetti, ''Santa Pra''ssede (Roma: Edizioni Roma, 1961). * Gillian Vallance Mackie, ''The Iconographic Programme of the Zeno Chapel at Santa Prassede, Rome'' .A. University of Victoria (B.C., Canada) 1985 * Marchita B. Mauck, “The Mosaic of the Triumphal Arch of Santa Prassede: A Liturgical Interpretation.” ''Speculum'' 62–64 (1987), pp. 813–828. *

Rotraut Wisskirchen Rotraut Wisskirchen (23 June 1936 – 1 August 2018) was a German Biblical archaeologist.006 Alec Trevelyan (006) is a fictional character and the main antagonist in the 1995 James Bond film ''GoldenEye'', the first film to feature actor Pierce Brosnan as Bond. Trevelyan is portrayed by actor Sean Bean. The likeness of Bean as Alec T ...

estimonianze di restauri, 5 * Mary M. Schaefer, ''Women in Pastoral Office: The Story of Santa Prassede, Rome'' (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2013). * Maurizio Caperna, ''La basilica di Santa Prassede: il significato della vicenda architettonica'' (Roma: Edizioni Quasar, 2013). * Benedictine Monks of Vallombroso, ''The Basilica of Saint Praxedes, in memory of their eighth century of presence at Saint Praxedes: 1198–1998'' (Genova, Italia: B.N. Marconi, Fourth Edition, January 2014).

External links

Kunsthistorie.com
photogallery.

*High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images o
Santa Prassede , Art Atlas
{{DEFAULTSORT:Santa Prassede Religious buildings and structures completed in 822 9th-century churches in Italy Prassede Prassede Byzantine art Articles containing video clips Prassede 9th-century establishments in Italy