Sant'Adriano al Foro was a

church Church may refer to: Religion * Church (building), a building for Christian religious activities * Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination * Church service, a formalized period of Christian communal worship * Chris ...

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

, formerly in the

Curia Julia The Curia Julia ( la, Curia Iulia, links=no, it, Curia Iulia, links=no) is the third named ''curia'', or senate house, in the ancient city of Rome. It was built in 44 BC, when Julius Caesar replaced Faustus Cornelius Sulla's reconstructed Curia ...

in the ''

Forum Romanum The Roman Forum, also known by its Latin name Forum Romanum ( it, Foro Romano), is a rectangular forum (plaza) surrounded by the ruins of several important ancient government buildings at the center of the city of Rome. Citizens of the ancient ...

'' and a

cardinal-deaconry In the Catholic Church, a titular church is a church in Rome that is assigned to a member of the clergy who is created a cardinal. These are Catholic churches in the city, within the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Rome, that serve as honorary des ...

(a titular church for a Cardinal-deacon).

The church

Curia Iulia - s Adriano resti di affreschi P1190151

The Church of Sant'Adriano al Foro (Italian for St. (H)Adrian at the Roman Forum) was a conversion of the

, which had housed the Senate of Ancient Rome, by

Pope Honorius I Pope Honorius I (died 12 October 638) was the bishop of Rome from 27 October 625 to his death. He was active in spreading Christianity among Anglo-Saxons and attempted to convince the Celts to calculate Easter in the Roman fashion. He is chiefl ...

in 630. The end of the sixth and the beginning of the seventh century mark for Rome a period of profound decay. The curia had been abandoned until Honorius decided to erect the church. Its name refers to the martyr

Adrian of Nicomedia Adrian of Nicomedia (also known as Hadrian) or Saint Adrian ( el, Ἁδριανὸς Νικομηδείας, Adrianos Nikomēdeias, died 4 March 306) was a Herculian Guard of the Roman Emperor Galerius Maximian. After becoming a convert to Chr ...

. Paintings are still visible in a side chapel which depict scenes from the life of St. Adrian; there are also some Byzantine paintings. It was designated by

Pope Sergius I Pope Sergius I (8 September 701) was the bishop of Rome from 15 December 687 to his death, and is revered as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. He was elected at a time when two rivals, Paschal and Theodore, were locked in dispute about wh ...

(687-701) as the starting point for the litanies during certain the procession liturgical feasts of the Virgin Mary, Presentation in the Temple, Annunciation, Assumption and Nativity.

Pope Gregory IX Pope Gregory IX ( la, Gregorius IX; born Ugolino di Conti; c. 1145 or before 1170 – 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the '' Decre ...

made substantial changes to the building in 1228. In the 17th century its large bronze doors were moved by order of

Pope Alexander VII Pope Alexander VII ( it, Alessandro VII; 13 February 159922 May 1667), born Fabio Chigi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 April 1655 to his death in May 1667. He began his career as a vice- papal legate, an ...

to adorn the main portal of the

Basilica of St. John Lateran The Archbasilica Cathedral of the Most Holy Savior and of Saints John the Baptist and John the Evangelist in the Lateran ( it, Arcibasilica del Santissimo Salvatore e dei Santi Giovanni Battista ed Evangelista in Laterano), also known as the Papa ...

.Lorizzo, Paul. "The Ancient Center of Roman Power", ''Zenit'', May 19 2012
/ref>

Reconstruction as Curia Julia

Its structure was modified multiple times before it was deconsecrated in the 1930s to recover the ancient structure of the building. On either side of the entrance are niches corresponding to medieval burials. The painting of the Holy Family, a product of the school of Raphael, was moved to the modern Church of Santa Maria della Mercede (1958), and the dedication to Saint Adrian added to that church.

Cardinal deaconry

It was established in 734 as Cardinal Deaconry of S. Adriano al Foro On 25 January 1946, the title was suppressed to establish the Cardinal Deaconry of S. Paolo alla Regola.

Cardinal deacons

The following Cardinals have been Cardinal deacons of the Deaconry,Conradus Eubel, ''Hierarchia catholica medii aevi'' II, editio altera (Monasterii 1914), p. 66 (1385-1503). except in special circumstances, which are noted by italics. * Blessed

Berardo dei Marsi Blessed Berardo dei Marsi (1079 – 3 November 1130) was a Catholic Italian cardinal. He was proclaimed Blessed in 1802 as he was deemed to be holy and that miracles were performed through his intercession. Biography Berardo dei Marsi was born in ...

(1099 – 1100) * Matthaeus ( - 1127/1128) (promoted to Cardinal Priest of S. Pietro in Vincoli) * Pierre (1127.12 – 1130), later

Pseudocardinal Pseudocardinals, quasi-cardinals or anticardinals were the uncanonical Cardinals created by six of the Antipopes, in or rival to Rome, including two of Avignon Papacy and one of Pisa, as princes of their schismatic government of the Catholic Ch ...

Priest A priest is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particu ...

of S. Eusebio (1130 – death 1130?) * Guido (1130 – 1138?) * ''Germano (1130.03.29 – ?),

pseudocardinal Pseudocardinals, quasi-cardinals or anticardinals were the uncanonical Cardinals created by six of the Antipopes, in or rival to Rome, including two of Avignon Papacy and one of Pisa, as princes of their schismatic government of the Catholic Ch ...

created by

Antipope Anacletus II Anacletus II (died January 25, 1138), born Pietro Pierleoni, was an antipope who ruled in opposition to Pope Innocent II from 1130 until his death in 1138. After the death of Pope Honorius II, the college of cardinals was divided over his succ ...

'' * Ubaldo Aucingoli (1138 – May 1141), appointed Cardinal-priest of

Santa Prassede The Basilica of Saint Praxedes ( la, Basilica Sanctae Praxedis, it, Basilica di Santa Prassede all’Esquillino), commonly known in Italian as Santa Prassede, is an early medieval titular church and minor basilica located near the papal basilic ...

* Gilberto hilibertus(1141 – 1143.12.17) * Giovanni Paparoni (1143.12.17 – 1151.03.02) * Alberto di Morra (1155.12 – 1158), later Pope Gregory VIII * Cinzio Papareschi (1158.02 – 1178.09) * Eutichio (1178.09.22 – 1178?) * Rainier (1178.09.22 – 1182.08) * Gerardo (1182 – 1208) * Angelo (1212.02.18 – 1215.11.29) * Stefano de Normandis dei Conti (1216 – 1228) *

Goffredo da Trani Geoffrey of Trani (? in Trano, Apulia – 1245) was an Italian jurist, known as a canon lawyer. He was a student at Bologna of Azo of Bologna, Azo before becoming a professor at Naples, then at Bologna. He was made a cardinal deacon by Pope Inn ...

(1244.05.28 – 1245) * Ottobono de Fieschi (1251.12 – 1276.07.11), later Pope Adrian V *

Napoleone Orsini Napoleone Orsini (c. 1420 – September 1480) was an Italian condottiero. The son of Orso Orsini of Bracciano, he fought for Pope Eugene IV against Francesco Sforza in 1443. Later, in the 1450s, he flanked Ferdinand of Aragon in the struggl ...

(1288.05.16 – 1342.03.23) *

Rinaldo Orsini Rinaldo Orsini (died 1450) was an Italian condottiero, a member of the Orsini family. He was the son of Jacopo Orsini. In 1426 he fought for the Pope against the Colonna family. In 1442 he was hired by the Republic of Siena, and in 1445 he beca ...

(1350.12.17 – 1374.06.06) * Gentile di Sangro (1378.09.18 – 1385.12) * Ludovico Fieschi (1385.01 – 1423.04.03) * '' Bonifacio Ammannati (1397.12.21 – death 1399.07.19), pseudo-cardinal created by Antipope Benedict XIII'' *

Hugues de Lusignan Hugh Lancelot of Lusignan or Hugues or Hughues Lancelot de Lusignan (died August 1442) was a Frankish Cardinal (Catholicism), Cardinal, often known as the Cardinal of Cyprus. He was Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem 1424, and Archbishop of Nicosia. He w ...

(1426.05.27 – 1431.03.11) *

Stefano Nardini Stefano Nardini (died 1484) (called the Cardinal of Milan) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. Biography Stefano Nardini was born in Forlì. He received a doctorate of both laws. As a young man, Nardini served in the military, be ...

(1473.05.07 – 1476), Cardinal priest ''pro hac vice'' * Giovanni d’Aragona (1477.12.12 – 1480.01.14); promoted Cardinal priest ''pro hac vice'' (1480.01.14 – 1483.09.10) * Cardinal

Giovanni Conti Giovanni may refer to: * Giovanni (name), an Italian male given name and surname * Giovanni (meteorology), a Web interface for users to analyze NASA's gridded data * '' Don Giovanni'', a 1787 opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, based on the legend ...

(1485.10.18 – 1489.03.09 ''in commendam'', while Cardinal-Priest of

Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo Santi Nereo ed Achilleo is a fourth-century basilica churches of Rome, church in Rome, Italy, located in via delle Terme di Caracalla in the rione Celio (rione of Rome), Celio facing the main entrance to the Baths of Caracalla. It has been the ti ...

(1483.11.15 – 1489.03.09) *

Pierre d'Aubusson Pierre d'Aubusson (1423 – 3 July 1503) was a Grand Master of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, and a zealous opponent of the Ottoman Empire. Pierre probably joined the Knights of Saint John in 1444 or 1445, and then left for Rhodes. Ear ...

(1489.03.23 – 1503.07.03) *

François Guillaume de Castelnau de Clermont-Lodève François () is a French masculine given name and surname, equivalent to the English name Francis. People with the given name * Francis I of France, King of France (), known as "the Father and Restorer of Letters" * Francis II of France, King ...

(1503.12.06 – 1509.05.02), ''in commendam'' (1509.05.02 – 1511.03.17) *

Bandinello Sauli Bandinello Sauli (c. 1481 – 28 March 1518) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. Biography Bandinello Sauli was born in Genoa, ca. 1481, the son of nobles Pasquale Sauli and Mariola Giustiniani Longhi. .Hyde, Cardinal Bendinello ...

(1511.03.17 – 1511.10.24) *

Agostino Trivulzio Agostino Trivulzio (c. 1485–1548) was an Italian Cardinal and papal legate. He was from a noble family in Milan, the eighth child of Giovanni Trivulzio di Borgomanero, a Councillor of the Dukes of Milan, and Angela (or Agnolina, or Anna) Marti ...

(1517.07.06 – 1537.08.17); ''in commendam'' 1537.08.17 – 1537.09.06 while transferred as Cardinal-Deacon of

S. Eustachio Sant'Eustachio is a Roman Catholic titular church and minor basilica in Rome, named for the martyr Saint Eustace. It is located on Via di Sant'Eustachio in the Sant'Eustachio (rione of Rome), rione Sant'Eustachio, a block west of the Pantheon, ...

(1537.08.17 – 1537.09.06), finally again Cardinal-Deacon of S. Adriano al Foro (1537.09.06 – 1548.03.30) * Jean du Bellay (1548.04.09 – 1549.02.25, Cardinal priest ''pro hac vice'' *

Odet de Coligny Odet de Coligny (10 July 1517 – 21 March 1571) was a French aristocrat, cardinal, Bishop-elect of Beauvais, Peer of France, and member of the French Royal Council. From 1534 he was usually referred to as the Cardinal of Châtillon. Early li ...

de Châtillon (1549.02.25 – 1563.03.31), became a Protestant, and gave up the Cardinalate and his Deaconry. * Innico d’Avalos d’ Aragona, Military Order of Saint James the Sword (O.S.), (1563.07.30 – 1565.01.19); promoted Cardinal priest ''pro hac vice'' (1480.01.14 – 1483.09.10) *

Fulvio Giulio della Corgna Fulvio Giulio della Corgna (also Della Cornia, Della Corgnia) (19 November 1517 – 2 March 1583) was a Tuscan Catholic bishop and cardinal. Biography Fulvio Giulio della Corgna was born in Perugia on 19 November 1517, the son of Francia della ...

, (O.B.E.) (1567.03.03 – 1574.05.05, Cardinal priest ''pro hac vice'' *

Prospero Santacroce Prospero Pubblicola Santacroce (24 September 1514 – 2 October 1589) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. Biography Santacroce was born in Rome on September 24, 1514, the son of Tarquinio Santacroce and Ersilia de' Massimi. He wa ...

(1574.05.05 – 1583.03.04), Cardinal priest ''pro hac vice'' * Andrzej Báthory (1584.07.23 – 1587.01.07) * Girolamo Mattei (1587.01.14 – 1587.04.20) * Agostino Cusani (1589.01.09 – 1591.01.14) *

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(1591.11.20 – 1595.06.12) *

Francesco Mantica Francesco Mantica (1534–1614) was a Roman Catholic cardinal. Biography He was born in Udine, and studied canon law at the University of Padua. He became auditor of the Rota and Capella di Mano of pope Clement VIII, who named Mantica as cardinal ...

(1596.06.21 – 1597.01.24) *

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(1599.03.17 – 1599.12.15) *

Alessandro d'Este Alessandro d'Este (1568–1624) was a Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' E ...

(1600.04.17 – 1600.11.15) * Giovanni Doria (1605.12.05 – 1623.10.02) *

Louis de Nogaret de La Valette Louis de Nogaret de La Valette (8 February 1593, in Angoulême – 28 September 1639, in Rivoli) was a Roman Catholic cardinal and lieutenant general in the French Army. Louis was the third son of Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette (1554–164 ...

(1623.11.20 – 1639.09.27) * Achille d’Estampes de Valençay (1644.05.02 – 1646.06.27) *

Francesco Maidalchini Francesco Maidalchini (21 April 1631 – 13 June 1700) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Early life Maidalchini was born 12 April 1631 in Viterbo, the son of Andrea Maidalchini and Pacifica Feliziani. His father was the b ...

(1647.12.16 – 1653.05.05) *

Decio Azzolini Decio Azzolino (11 April 1623 – 8 June 1689) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal, code-breaker, investigator and leader of the Squadrone Volante. Early life Azzolino was born at Fermo, the son of Pompeo Azzolino and Giulia Ruffo. He was the gre ...

(1654.03.23 – 1668.03.12) *

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(1670.05.19 – 1690.05.14) *

Giovanni Francesco Albani Pope Clement XI ( la, Clemens XI; it, Clemente XI; 23 July 1649 – 19 March 1721), born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 November 1700 to his death in March 1721. Clement XI w ...

(1690.05.22 – 1700.03.30) (later Pope Clement XI) *

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(1706.06.25 – 1720.05.06) * Alessandro Albani (1721.09.24 – 1722.09.23) *

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(1724.06.12 – 1728.09.20) *

Neri Maria Corsini Neri Maria Corsini (19 May 1685 – 6 December 1770) was an Italian nobleman and Catholic priest and cardinal. Life Born in Florence, Corsini was the second of the two sons of Filippo Corsini and Lucrezia Rinuccini. He traveled widely throug ...

(1731.01.08 – 1737.05.06) * Marcellino Corio (1739.09.30 – 1742.02.20) *

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(1743.09.23 – 1753.05.28) * Giovanni Francesco Banchieri (1753.12.10 – 1763.10.18) * Enea Silvio Piccolomini (1766.12.01 – 1768.11.18) * Carlo Livizzani Forni (1785.04.11 – 1794.02.21) * Luigi Gazzoli (1803.09.26 – 1809.01.23) * Lorenzo Prospero Bottini (1817.11.15 – 1818.08.11) *

Cesare Guerrieri Gonzaga Cesare, the Italian version of the given name Caesar, may refer to: Given name * Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria (1738–1794), an Italian philosopher and politician * Cesare Airaghi (1840–1896), Italian colonel * Cesare Arzelà (1847–1912), I ...

(1819.12.17 – 1832.02.05) * Giuseppe Ugolini (1838.09.13 – 1855.12.17) * Camillo Mazzella,

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(S.J.- (1886.06.10 – 1896.06.22) * José de Calasanz Félix Santiago Vives y Tutó,

O.F.M. Cap. The Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (; postnominal abbr. O.F.M. Cap.) is a religious order of Franciscan friars within the Catholic Church, one of Three " First Orders" that reformed from the Franciscan Friars Minor Observant (OFM Obs., now OFM) ...

(1899.06.22 – 1913.09.07) *

Evaristo Lucidi Evaristo Lucidi (4 October 1866 – 31 March 1929) was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as secretary of the Apostolic Signatura from 1916 to 1923, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1923. Biography Lucidi was born in ...

(1923.12.23 – 1929.03.31)

References

Bibliography

* Michele Dattoli, ''L'aula del Senato Romano e la chiesa di S. Adriano'' (Roma: Maglione & Strini, 1921). * Antonio Nibby, ''Roma nell'anno MDCCCXXXVIII: pte. I-II. Antica'' (Roma: Tipografia delle belle arti, 1839), pp. 27–32.

Sources and external links

original pictures of the exterior of the church and its conversion

original picture of the pre-1930 interior of the church {{DEFAULTSORT:Adriano Al Foro, Santo Deconsecrated Roman Catholic churches in Rome Roman Senate