Ryazan Oblast ( rus, Рязанская область, r=Ryazanskaya oblast, p=rʲɪˈzanskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a
federal subject of
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...
(an
oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdo ...
). Its
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
is the
city
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
of
Ryazan
Ryazan ( rus, Рязань, p=rʲɪˈzanʲ, a=ru-Ryazan.ogg) is the largest city and administrative center of Ryazan Oblast, Russia. The city is located on the banks of the Oka River in Central Russia, southeast of Moscow. As of the 2010 Cens ...
, which is the oblast's largest city.
Geography
Ryazan Oblast borders
Vladimir Oblast
Vladimir Oblast (russian: Влади́мирская о́бласть, ''Vladimirskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its closest border 66 km east of central Moscow, the administrative center is the city of Vladimir, w ...
(N),
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (russian: link=no, Нижегородская область, ''Nizhegorodskaya oblast''), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod. It has a population of 3,3 ...
(NE), the
Republic of Mordovia (E),
Penza Oblast
Penza Oblast (russian: Пе́нзенская о́бласть, ''Penzenskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Penza. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,386,186.
Geogr ...
(SE),
Tambov Oblast (S),
Lipetsk Oblast
Lipetsk Oblast (russian: Липецкая область, Lipetskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Lipetsk. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,173,513.
Geography
Lipe ...
(SW),
Tula Oblast
Tula Oblast (russian: Ту́льская о́бласть, ''Tulskaya oblast'') is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. It is geographically in the European Russia region of the country and is part of the Central Federal District, covering ...
(W), and
Moscow Oblast
Moscow Oblast ( rus, Моско́вская о́бласть, r=Moskovskaya oblast', p=mɐˈskofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ), or Podmoskovye ( rus, Подмоско́вье, p=pədmɐˈskovʲjə, literally " under Moscow"), is a federal subject of R ...
(NW).
In terms of physical geography, Ryazan Oblast lies in the central part of the
Russian Plain between the
Central Russian and
Volga
The Volga (; russian: Во́лга, a=Ru-Волга.ogg, p=ˈvoɫɡə) is the longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea. The Volga has a length of , and a catch ...
uplands. The terrain is flat, with the highest point of no more than 300 m above sea level. Soils are podzolic and boggy on the left bank of the
Oka
Oka or OKA may refer to:
Cars
* Oka (automobile), a small car designed by AvtoVAZ and produced by ZMA and SeAZ
* OKA 4wd, a large 4-wheel-drive vehicle made in Western Australia by OKA
Military
* 2B1 Oka, Soviet 420 mm self-propelled mort ...
, changing southward to more fertile podzolic and leached black-earths (
chernozyom).
Hydrography
Most of the Ryazan Oblast lies within the
Volga basin, with the
Oka
Oka or OKA may refer to:
Cars
* Oka (automobile), a small car designed by AvtoVAZ and produced by ZMA and SeAZ
* OKA 4wd, a large 4-wheel-drive vehicle made in Western Australia by OKA
Military
* 2B1 Oka, Soviet 420 mm self-propelled mort ...
the principal river of the area.
History
Human occupation of the area of the Ryazan Oblast dates from at least the
Upper Paleolithic
The Upper Paleolithic (or Upper Palaeolithic) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age. Very broadly, it dates to between 50,000 and 12,000 years ago (the beginning of the Holocene), according to some theories coin ...
period.
East Slavs
The East Slavs are the most populous subgroup of the Slavs. They speak the East Slavic languages, and formed the majority of the population of the medieval state Kievan Rus', which they claim as their cultural ancestor.John Channon & Robert ...
,
Volga Finnic, Tatar tribes inhabited the area and merged into an ethnos, a process virtually completed by the 13th century CE. In 830 the Ryazan area became part of
Rus' Khaganate.
Later the Ryazan area became part of the
Kievan Rus'
Kievan Rusʹ, also known as Kyivan Rusʹ ( orv, , Rusĭ, or , , ; Old Norse: ''Garðaríki''), was a state in Eastern and Northern Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century.John Channon & Robert Hudson, ''Penguin Historical Atlas o ...
political system and came under the domination of the
Principality of Chernigov
The Principality of Chernigov ( orv, Чєрниговскоє кънѧжьство; uk, Чернігівське князівство; russian: Черниговское княжество) was one of the largest and most powerful states within ...
(founded in 988). The
Principality of Ryazan
The Grand Duchy of Ryazan (1078–1521) was a duchy with the capital in Old Ryazan ( destroyed by the Mongol Empire in 1237), and then in Pereyaslavl Ryazansky, which later became the modern-day city of Ryazan. It originally split off from t ...
operated as a separate entity from 1097 to 1521, when the area became part of the
Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Duchy of Moscow, Muscovite Russia, Muscovite Rus' or Grand Principality of Moscow (russian: Великое княжество Московское, Velikoye knyazhestvo Moskovskoye; also known in English simply as Muscovy from the Lati ...
, though with the
Qasim Khanate district retaining some autonomy until the 1550s.
The
Ryazan Governorate became separate from the
Moscow Governorate
Moscow Governorate (russian: Московская губерния; pre-reform Russian: ), or the Government of Moscow, was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR, whic ...
in 1796.
Soviet Union
Ryazan Oblast was formed out of the
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
and
Voronezh
Voronezh ( rus, links=no, Воро́неж, p=vɐˈronʲɪʂ}) is a city and the administrative centre of Voronezh Oblast in southwestern Russia straddling the Voronezh River, located from where it flows into the Don River. The city sits on ...
oblasts in 1937. It took its present form in 1954 when some of its southern districts were ceded to the newly established
Lipetsk Oblast
Lipetsk Oblast (russian: Липецкая область, Lipetskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Lipetsk. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,173,513.
Geography
Lipe ...
. Also in 1954, it was ceded parts of southern
Moscow Oblast
Moscow Oblast ( rus, Моско́вская о́бласть, r=Moskovskaya oblast', p=mɐˈskofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ), or Podmoskovye ( rus, Подмоско́вье, p=pədmɐˈskovʲjə, literally " under Moscow"), is a federal subject of R ...
and no border changes happened afterward.
Administrative divisions
Economy
Soviet Union
In the post-war period of the Soviet Union recovery in the wake of growing
competition between USSR and US several ambitios plans severely undermined economical stability of the region. In Ryazan Oblast, at the behest of central government led by
Nikita Khrushchev
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and chairman of the country's Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. During his rule, Khrushchev s ...
a regional administration ordered slaughter of livestock in a futile attempt to boost productivity rates (plans included tripling of meat and milk production). Because of series of misjudgement and overestimations these plans resulted in disastrous failure which is known today as
Ryazan miracle The Ryazan miracle (or Ryazan affair; '','' or '', Рязанская авантюра'' "Ryazan venture") is a scandal which happened in 1959 and 1960 in provincial region of Ryazan Oblast, Soviet Union, that resulted from a propaganda campaign mad ...
().
Modern
Ryazan Oblast is a part of the
Central economic region. The oblast is economically favorable due to the water and land routes that pass through it and provide stable domestic and foreign economic ties. It is considered both an industrial and agricultural Oblast. The agriculture in the region is represented by
livestock
Livestock are the domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to provide labor and produce diversified products for consumption such as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool. The term is sometimes used to refer solely to ani ...
farming and plants cultivation. Livestock farming specializes in raising and fattening
cattle
Cattle (''Bos taurus'') are large, domesticated, cloven-hooved, herbivores. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus '' Bos''. Adult females are referred to as cows and adult ...
and breeding
pigs,
sheep
Sheep or domestic sheep (''Ovis aries'') are domesticated, ruminant mammals typically kept as livestock. Although the term ''sheep'' can apply to other species in the genus '' Ovis'', in everyday usage it almost always refers to domesticate ...
, and
poultry
Poultry () are domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers. These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, qu ...
.
Beekeeping
Beekeeping (or apiculture) is the maintenance of bee colonies, commonly in man-made beehives. Honey bees in the genus ''Apis (insect), Apis'' are the most-commonly-kept species but other honey-producing bees such as ''Melipona'' stingless bees ar ...
is also well developed in the region.
Transportation
*
Solotchinskoye peat narrow gauge railway is located in
Ryazansky District
Ryazansky District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia:
*Ryazansky District, Moscow, a district in South-Eastern Administrative Okrug
South-Eastern Administrative Okrug (russian: Ю́го-Восто́чный ...
*
Mesherskoye peat narrow gauge railway is located in
Klepikovsky District
Demographics
Population:
;2012
*Births: 12 351 (10.8 per 1000)
*Deaths: 18 723 (16.3 per 1000)
*Total fertility rate:
**2009 - 1.42 , 2010 - 1.44 , 2011 - 1.45 , 2012 - 1.54 , 2013 - 1.55 , 2014 - 1.60 , 2015 - 1.64 , 2016 - 1.70(e)
Ethnic composition (2010):
*
Russians
, native_name_lang = ru
, image =
, caption =
, population =
, popplace =
118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 '' Winkler Prins'' estimate)
, region1 =
, pop1 ...
- 95.1%
*
Ukrainians
Ukrainians ( uk, Українці, Ukraintsi, ) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. They are the seventh-largest nation in Europe. The native language of the Ukrainians is Ukrainian. The majority of Ukrainians are Eastern Ort ...
- 0.8%
*
Armenians
Armenians ( hy, հայեր, ''hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diaspora ...
- 0.5%
*
Mordvins - 0.5%
*
Tatars
The Tatars ()[Tatar]
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different Turki ...
- 0.5%
*
Azeris - 0.4%
*
Uzbeks
The Uzbeks ( uz, , , , ) are a Turkic ethnic group native to the wider Central Asian region, being among the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Kazakh and Karakalpak mino ...
- 0.3%
*Others - 1.9%
*74,419 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.
Religion
According to a 2012 survey
63% of the population of Ryazan Oblast adheres to the
Russian Orthodox Church
, native_name_lang = ru
, image = Moscow July 2011-7a.jpg
, imagewidth =
, alt =
, caption = Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow, Russia
, abbreviation = ROC
, type ...
, 3% are
unaffiliated generic
Christians
Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρ� ...
, 1% are Orthodox Christian believers without belonging to church or belonging to non-Russian
Orthodox church
Orthodox Church may refer to:
* Eastern Orthodox Church
* Oriental Orthodox Churches
* Orthodox Presbyterian Church
* Orthodox Presbyterian Church of New Zealand
* State church of the Roman Empire
* True Orthodox church
See also
* Orthodox (d ...
es, 1% are
Muslim
Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
s, and 1% are adherents of the
Rodnovery
The Slavic Native Faith, commonly known as Rodnovery
* bg, Родноверие, translit=Rоdnoverie
* bs, Rodnovjerje
* mk, Родноверие, translit=Rodnoverie
* cz, Rodnověří
* hr, Rodnovjerje
* pl, Rodzimowierstwo; Rodzima ...
(Slavic native faith) movement. In addition, 15% of the population declares to be "
spiritual but not religious
"Spiritual but not religious" (SBNR), also known as "spiritual but not affiliated" (SBNA), is a popular phrase and initialism used to self-identify a life stance of spirituality that does not regard organized religion as the sole or most valuable ...
", 9% is
atheist
Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there no ...
, and 7% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.
Tourism
* , an 18th century mansion built by wealthy local trader and farmer.
Notable people
Arts
*
Alexander Alexandrov (1883–1946), composer
*
Erast Garin (1902–1980), comic actor
*
Alexander Genis
Alexander Genis (born February 11, 1953) is a Russian–American writer, broadcaster, and cultural critic. He has written more than a dozen books that are non-fiction bestsellers in Russia.
Genis, an American citizen, resides in the New York Cit ...
(born 1953), writer, broadcaster and cultural critic
*
Yuri Kholopov
Yuri Nikolaevich Kholopov (russian: link=no, Ю́рий Никола́евич Холóпов, ; August 14, 1932, Ryazan – April 24, 2003, Moscow) was a Russian musicologist and educator.
Biography
After graduating from Ryazan Music Regional ...
(1932–2003), musicologist, music theorist, doctor of arts, and professor of the Moscow Conservatoire
*
Maximilian Kravkov (1887–1937), writer
*
Andrei Mironov (born 1975), painter
*
Konstantin Paustovsky (1892–1968), writer
*
Alexander Pirogov (1899–1964), bass opera singer
*
Yakov Polonsky
Yakov Petrovich Polonsky (russian: Яков Петрович Полонский; ) was a leading Pushkinist poet who tried to uphold the waning traditions of Russian Romantic poetry during the heyday of realistic prose.
Of noble birth, Polonsky ...
(1819–1898), writer
*
Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin (1826–1889), satirist
*
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn. (11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008) was a Russian novelist. One of the most famous Soviet dissidents, Solzhenitsyn was an outspoken critic of communism and helped to raise global awareness of political repr ...
(1918–2008), writer
*
Sergei Yesenin
Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin ( rus, Сергей Александрович Есенин, p=sʲɪrˈɡʲej ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvʲɪtɕ jɪˈsʲenʲɪn; ( 1895 – 28 December 1925), sometimes spelled as Esenin, was a Russian lyric poet. He is one o ...
(1895–1925), poet
*
Semen Zhivago (1807–1863), historical painter
Athletics
*
Anton Belov (born 1986), professional ice hockey defenceman
*
Olga Kaliturina (born 1976), high jumper
*
Maria Kalmykova
Maria Lvovna Kalmykova (russian: Мария Львовна Калмыкова) (born 14 January 1978 in Ryazan) is a Russian basketball player who competed for the Russian National Team at the 2004 Summer Olympics
The 2004 Summer Ol ...
(born 1978), basketball player
*
Yuri Kuleshov (born 1981), professional football defensive midfielder
*
Irina Meleshina (born 1982), long jumper
*
Ivan Nifontov
Ivan Vitaliyevich Nifontov (russian: Иван Витальевич Нифонтов; born 5 June 1987, in Pavlodar) is a Russian judoka. He won the bronze at the 2012 Summer Olympics
The 2012 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of th ...
(born 1987), judoka
*
Sergei Panov (born 1970), basketball player
*
Konstantin Selyavin (born 1974), former Russian professional football player
*
Kirill Sosunov
Kirill Olegovich Sosunov (russian: Кири́лл Оле́гович Сосуно́в; born 1 November 1975 in Ryazan) is a Russian long jumper and bobsledder. He is the 1998 European champion, and that year he also set his personal best jump with ...
(born 1975), long jumper
*
Alexandra Trusova (born 2004), figure skater
Engineering and science
*
Andrey Arkhangelsky (1879–1940), geologist
*
Victor Balykin (born 1947), Russian physicist
*
Vladimir Gulevich (1867–1933), biochemist
*
Aleksei Kozhevnikov (1836–1902), neurologist and psychiatrist
*
Nikolai Kravkov
Nikolai Pavlovich Kravkov (in Russian Николай Павлович Кравков) was a prominent Russian pharmacologist, Full Member of the Imperial Military Medical Academy (1914), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Science (19 ...
(1865–1924), pharmacologist
*
Sergey P. Kravkov (1873–1938), soil scientist
*
Sergey V. Kravkov (1893–1951), psychologist and psychophysiologist
*
Andrey Markov
Andrey Andreyevich Markov, first name also spelled "Andrei", in older works also spelled Markoff) (14 June 1856 – 20 July 1922) was a Russian mathematician best known for his work on stochastic processes. A primary subject of his research lat ...
(1856–1922), mathematician
*
Ivan Michurin (1855–1935), biologist
*
Sergey Nepobedimy (1921–2014), designer of rocket weaponry
*
Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov ( rus, Ива́н Петро́вич Па́влов, , p=ɪˈvan pʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕ ˈpavləf, a=Ru-Ivan_Petrovich_Pavlov.ogg; 27 February 1936), was a Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist, psychologist and physio ...
(1849–1936), physiologist
*
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857–1935), engineer
Others
*
Dmitry Andreikin (born 1990), chess grandmaster
*
Roman Putin (born 1977), businessman
References
Notes
Sources
*
*
{{Use mdy dates, date=February 2015
States and territories established in 1937