Rudolph II (c. 11 July 880 – 11 July 937), a member of the
Elder House of Welf
An elder is someone with a degree of seniority or authority.
Elder or elders may refer to:
Positions Administrative
* Elder (administrative title), a position of authority
Cultural
* North American Indigenous elder, a person who has and ...
, was
King of Burgundy from 912 until his death. He initially succeeded in
Upper Burgundy and also ruled as
King of Italy
King of Italy ( it, links=no, Re d'Italia; la, links=no, Rex Italiae) was the title given to the ruler of the Kingdom of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The first to take the title was Odoacer, a barbarian military leader ...
from 922 to 926. In 933 Rudolph acquired the Kingdom of
Lower Burgundy (
Provence
Provence (, , , , ; oc, Provença or ''Prouvènço'' , ) is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which extends from the left bank of the lower Rhône to the west to the Italian border to the east; it is bo ...
) from King
Hugh of Italy in exchange for the waiver of his claims to the
Italian crown, thereby establishing the united
Kingdom of Burgundy.
Life
He was the son of the Upper Burgundian king
Rudolph I and
Guilla. Following his ascent to the throne in 912, Rudolph II entered into a border conflict with the neighbouring
dukes of Swabia and campaigned the
Thurgau and
Zurich estates. Duke
Burchard II of Swabia finally defeated him in the 919 Battle of
Winterthur; both rulers made peace and Rudolph married Burchard's daughter
Bertha in 922.
At the same time, Rudolph was asked by several Italian nobles led by Margrave
Adalbert I of Ivrea to intervene in Italy on their behalf against
Emperor Berengar. Having entered Italy, he was crowned king at
Pavia
Pavia (, , , ; la, Ticinum; Medieval Latin: ) is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy in northern Italy, south of Milan on the lower Ticino river near its confluence with the Po. It has a population of c. 73,086. The city was the ...
in the
Basilica of San Michele Maggiore.
In 923, he defeated Berengar at the
Battle of Firenzuola; Berengar was murdered the following year, possibly at the instigation of Rudolph. The king then ruled Upper Burgundy and Italy together, residing alternately in both kingdoms.
However, in 926 the Italian nobility turned against him and requested that
Hugh of Arles, the effective ruler of Provence (or Lower Burgundy), rule them instead. Rudolph's father-in-law Duke Burchard II of Swabia came for his support; however, he was attacked and killed near
Novara
Novara (, Novarese: ) is the capital city of the province of Novara in the Piedmont region in northwest Italy, to the west of Milan. With 101,916 inhabitants (on 1 January 2021), it is the second most populous city in Piedmont after Turin. It i ...
by the henchmen of Archbishop Lambert of
Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city ...
. The king returned to Upper Burgundy to protect himself, assuring Hugh's coronation as King of Italy in the process. At the
Diet of
Worms, Rudolph rendered the royal symbol of the
Holy Lance
The Holy Lance, also known as the Lance of Longinus (named after Saint Longinus), the Spear of Destiny, or the Holy Spear, is the lance that pierced the side of Jesus as he hung on the cross during his crucifixion.
Biblical references
The l ...
to the
East Frankish king
Henry the Fowler in exchange for the Swabian
Basel
, french: link=no, Bâlois(e), it, Basilese
, neighboring_municipalities= Allschwil (BL), Hégenheim (FR-68), Binningen (BL), Birsfelden (BL), Bottmingen (BL), Huningue (FR-68), Münchenstein (BL), Muttenz (BL), Reinach (BL), Riehen (B ...
estates.
The two Burgundian kingdoms unified from 933; Rudolph ruled until his death in 937 and was succeeded by his son
Conrad. After his death in 937, his daughter
Adelaide
Adelaide ( ) is the capital city of South Australia, the state's largest city and the fifth-most populous city in Australia. "Adelaide" may refer to either Greater Adelaide (including the Adelaide Hills) or the Adelaide city centre. The dem ...
was married to Hugh's son
Lothair, while Hugh married Rudolph's widow Bertha. Adelaide later became the second wife of
Otto the Great, crowned
Holy Roman Emperor in 962, and the mother of
Emperor Otto II.
Notes
References
Sources
*
*
*
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rudolph 02 Of Burgundy
880s births
937 deaths
10th-century kings of Italy
Frankish warriors
Kings of Burgundy
Elder House of Welf
Year of birth unknown