The Royal Hungarian ( hu, Magyar Királyi Honvédség) or Royal Hungarian (german: königlich ungarische Landwehr), commonly known as the (;

collectively A collective is a group of entities that share or are motivated by at least one common issue or interest, or work together to achieve a common objective. Collectives can differ from cooperatives in that they are not necessarily focused upon an ...

, the ), was one of the four

armed forces A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct ...

(german: Bewaffnete Macht, links=no or ) of

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1 ...

from 1867 to 1918, along with the

Austrian Landwehr The Imperial-Royal Landwehr (german: kaiserlich-königliche Landwehr or ''k.k. Landwehr''), also called the Austrian Landwehr, was the territorial army of the Cisleithanian or Austrian half of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1869 to 1918. Its cou ...

, the

Common Army The Common Army (german: Gemeinsame Armee, hu, Közös Hadsereg) as it was officially designated by the Imperial and Royal Military Administration, was the largest part of the Austro-Hungarian land forces from 1867 to 1914, the other two eleme ...

and the

Imperial and Royal Navy The Austro-Hungarian Navy or Imperial and Royal War Navy (german: Kaiserlich und königlich, kaiserliche und königliche Kriegsmarine, in short ''k.u.k. Kriegsmarine'', hu, Császári és Királyi Haditengerészet) was the navy, naval force of ...

. The term ''honvéd'' was used to refer to all members of the Hungarian land forces in 1848-49, but it was also used to refer to enlisted

private Private or privates may refer to: Music * "In Private", by Dusty Springfield from the 1990 album ''Reputation'' * Private (band), a Denmark-based band * "Private" (Ryōko Hirosue song), from the 1999 album ''Private'', written and also recorded ...

soldiers without a rank.

History

The word ''honvéd'' in Hungarian (sometimes "honved" in English sources) means "defender of the homeland" and first appeared during the

1848 revolutions The Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Springtime of the Peoples or the Springtime of Nations, were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe starting in 1848. It remains the most widespread revolutionary wave in Europe ...

. At that time it was the name given to volunteers who were engaged for several weeks or ''a gyözelemig'' (i.e. "until victory") and sent to fight the

Serbs The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are the most numerous South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans in Southeastern Europe, who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history and language. The majority of Serbs live in their na ...

and

Croats The Croats (; hr, Hrvati ) are a South Slavic ethnic group who share a common Croatian ancestry, culture, history and language. They are also a recognized minority in a number of neighboring countries, namely Austria, the Czech Republic, ...

. Subsequently, the bulk of the fighting was against the

Empire of Austria The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central-Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence, ...

, whereupon a number of regular imperial regiments went over to the Hungarian side. Some volunteers were attached to these existing regiments and some joined new regular regiments. Consequently, the term ''honvéd'' was used to refer to all members of the Hungarian land forces in 1848-49. The Honvéd was finally defeated by Austria with Russian assistance. Following the

Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (german: Ausgleich, hu, Kiegyezés) established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. The Compromise only partially re-established the former pre-1848 sovereignty and status of the Kingdom of Hungary ...

, the Royal Hungarian Honvéd was restored for Hungary, and the

Imperial-Royal Landwehr The Imperial-Royal Landwehr (german: kaiserlich-königliche Landwehr or ''k.k. Landwehr''), also called the Austrian Landwehr, was the territorial army of the Cisleithanian or Austrian half of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1869 to 1918. Its cou ...

was created for Austria, but both states had to continue to finance the Austro-Hungarian

, much larger than both. A common Austro-Hungarian War Ministry was formed immediately for the large Common Army, but it had no right to command directly the smaller Austrian Landwehr and the Hungarian Honvéd armies, which were respectively placed under the direct control of the separate Austrian and Hungarian Ministries of Defence. The Austrian and Hungarian Ministers of Defence were not placed under the command and jurisdiction of the Common War Ministry; they were subordinated only to their own prime ministers and the respective parliaments in Vienna and Budapest. The monarch became the supreme warlord, holding all authority over the structure, organization, and administration of the army. He appointed the senior officials, had the right to declare war, and was the commander-in-chief of the army. On 21 May 1893 the Honvéd Memorial was unveiled in

Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population o ...

in commemoration of the deeds of the Hungarian national army during the

Hungarian Revolution of 1848 The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 or fully Hungarian Civic Revolution and War of Independence of 1848–1849 () was one of many European Revolutions of 1848 and was closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas. Although th ...

-49. From 1919 to 1945, ''Honvédség'' was also a name given to the

Royal Hungarian Army The Royal Hungarian Army ( hu, Magyar Királyi Honvédség, german: Königlich Ungarische Armee) was the name given to the land forces of the Kingdom of Hungary in the period from 1922 to 1945. Its name was inherited from the Royal Hungarian Honv ...

Structure

The Hungarian Landwehr consisted of territorial units from the Hungarian half of the Empire (called

Transleithania The Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen ( hu, a Szent Korona Országai), informally Transleithania (meaning the lands or region "beyond" the Leitha River) were the Hungarian territories of Austria-Hungary, throughout the latter's entire exi ...

or the

Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen The Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen ( hu, a Szent Korona Országai), informally Transleithania (meaning the lands or region "beyond" the Leitha River) were the Hungarian territories of Austria-Hungary, throughout the latter's entire exi ...

. These territories included what is present-day Hungary,

Slovakia Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to th ...

(so-called Upper Hungary, hu, Felvidék) and parts of the present-day countries of

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and ...

, including

Transylvania Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the Ap ...

and

Banat Banat (, ; hu, Bánság; sr, Банат, Banat) is a geographical and historical region that straddles Central and Eastern Europe and which is currently divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of ...

, Serbia, Croatia,

Slovenia Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...

(

Prekmurje Prekmurje (; dialectically: ''Prèkmürsko'' or ''Prèkmüre''; hu, Muravidék) is a geographically, linguistically, culturally and ethnically defined region of Slovenia, settled by Slovenes and a Hungarian minority, lying between the Mur Ri ...

/Üpper Mur) and

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous c ...

(

Burgenland Burgenland (; hu, Őrvidék; hr, Gradišće; Austro-Bavarian: ''Burgnland;'' Slovene: ''Gradiščanska'') is the easternmost and least populous state of Austria. It consists of two statutory cities and seven rural districts, with a total of ...

). Usually the term ''

Landwehr ''Landwehr'', or ''Landeswehr'', is a German language term used in referring to certain national armies, or militias found in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe. In different context it refers to large-scale, low-strength fortificati ...

'' implies units of limited fighting power. This was not the case in the Hungarian Honvéd. Although weaker in numbers - there were only three

battalion A battalion is a military unit, typically consisting of 300 to 1,200 soldiers commanded by a lieutenant colonel, and subdivided into a number of companies (usually each commanded by a major or a captain). In some countries, battalions are ...

s per

infantry Infantry is a military specialization which engages in ground combat on foot. Infantry generally consists of light infantry, mountain infantry, motorized infantry & mechanized infantry, airborne infantry, air assault infantry, and marine ...

regiment A regiment is a military unit. Its role and size varies markedly, depending on the country, service and/or a specialisation. In Medieval Europe, the term "regiment" denoted any large body of front-line soldiers, recruited or conscripted ...

instead of the usual four in the

- the troops were regular combat soldiers and were highly trained. The Royal Hungarian Honvéd was divided into the Hungarian Honvéd and the

Royal Croatian Home Guard The Royal Croatian Home Guard ( hr, Kraljevsko hrvatsko domobranstvo, Hrvatsko-slavonsko domobranstvo or Kraljevsko hrvatsko-ugarsko domobranstvo, often simply ''Domobranstvo'' or ''Domobran'' in singular, in German: ''Croatisch-Slawonische Land ...

(also called the Croatian-Slavonian Landwehr). The

Croatian–Hungarian Settlement The Croatian–Hungarian Settlement ( hr, Hrvatsko-ugarska nagodba, hu, magyar–horvát kiegyezés, german: Kroatisch-Ungarischer Ausgleich) was a pact signed in 1868 that governed Croatia's political status in the Hungarian-ruled part of Aus ...

of 1868 granted the Croats the right to introduce Croatian as their working and command language within their units. In addition, the Croatian-Slavonian Honvéd units were subordinated to the '' Ban'' in Agram and not to the National Defence Minister in

. However, both Ban and the Defence Minister were subordinated to the

Prime Minister of Hungary The prime minister of Hungary ( hu, Magyarország miniszterelnöke) is the head of government of Hungary. The prime minister and the Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Parliament, to their political part ...

Recruitment

In peacetime the officers of the Hungarian Honvéd either transferred from regular Hungarian regiments of the Common Army (K.u.K.) or graduated from the Ludovika Military Academy (a cadet school opened in 1872 specifically for the training of Honvéd

officer An officer is a person who has a position of authority in a hierarchical organization. The term derives from Old French ''oficier'' "officer, official" (early 14c., Modern French ''officier''), from Medieval Latin ''officiarius'' "an officer," fr ...

s) in Budapest. From 1869 onward the rank and file soldiers of the Honvéd were recruited as part of the general conscription process of the Common Army with individual Hungarian conscripts being allocated to specific K.u.K. or Honvéd regiments according to the numbers required. Entry to the Honvéd contingent or to the Common Army was decided by drawing lots. Enlisted at the age of 21 the Honvéd soldier usually undertook 24 months of active service before passing into the reserve. The commitment for compulsory service ended at the age of 36.

Landwehr districts

*I Landwehr District –

:M.kir. I budapesti honvéd kerületi parancsnokság *II Landwehr District –

Szeged Szeged ( , ; see also #Etymology, other alternative names) is List of cities and towns of Hungary#Largest cities in Hungary, the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat ...

:M.kir. II szegedi honvéd kerületi parancsnokság *III Landwehr District – Kassa (Kaschau; now Košice, Slovakia) :M.kir. II kassai honvéd kerületi parancsnokság *IV Landwehr District –

Pozsony Bratislava (, also ; ; german: Preßburg/Pressburg ; hu, Pozsony) is the capital and largest city of Slovakia. Officially, the population of the city is about 475,000; however, it is estimated to be more than 660,000 — approximately 140% of ...

(Pressburg; now Bratislava, Slovakia) :M.kir. IV pozsonyi honvéd kerületi parancsnokság *V Landwehr District –

Kolozsvár ; hu, kincses város) , official_name=Cluj-Napoca , native_name= , image_skyline= , subdivision_type1 = County , subdivision_name1 = Cluj County , subdivision_type2 = Status , subdivision_name2 = County seat , settlement_type = City , le ...

(Klausenburg, now Cluj-Napoca, Romania) :M.kir. V kolozsvári honvéd kerületi parancsnokság *VI Landwehr District –

Zagreb Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slove ...

(Agram) :M.kir. VI zágrábi horvát-szlavon kerületi parancsnokság

Formations and units of the Royal Hungarian Honvéd

The Royal Hungarian Honvéd was the standing army of Hungary. A part of the Honvéd was the

(''Kraljevsko hrvatsko domobranstvo''), which consisted of 1 infantry division (out of 7 in the Honvéd) and 1 cavalry regiment (out of 10 in the Honvéd). Its order of battle at the outbreak of the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighti ...

in 1914 was as follows (Hungarian designations listed in singular form): * 6 Landwehr districts (''honvéd katonai kerület'') * 2 infantry divisions (''honvéd gyalogos hadosztály'') * 2 cavalry divisions (''honvéd lovassági hadosztály'') * 4 infantry brigades (''honvéd gyalogosdandár'') * 12 independent infantry brigades (''honvéd önálló gyalogdandár'') * 4 cavalry brigades (''honvéd lovasdandár'') * 32 infantry regiments (''honvéd gyalogezred'') * 10 regiments of hussars (''honvéd huszárezred'') * 8 field artillery regiments (''honvéd tábori ágyúsezred'') * 1 horse artillery battalion (''honvéd lóvontatású tüzérosztály'') In 1915, units of the whole Army that had nicknames or honorific titles lost them by order of the War Ministry. Thereafter units were designated only by their numerical designation, but the practice of honoric titles remained in the Honvéd. All details relate to the year 1914:

Infantry divisions

*20th Honvéd Infantry Division –

Nagyvárad Oradea (, , ; german: Großwardein ; hu, Nagyvárad ) is a city in Romania, located in Crișana, a sub-region of Transylvania. The seat of Bihor County, Oradea is one of the most important economic, social and cultural centers in the western part ...

(Großwardein) *:Commander: Feldmarschalleutnant Friedrich von Csanády **39th Honvéd Infantry Brigade – Nagyvárad **:Commander: Major General Koloman Patzák **40th Honvéd Infantry Brigade –

Szatmárnémeti Satu Mare (; hu, Szatmárnémeti ; german: Sathmar; yi, סאטמאר or ) is a city with a population of 102,400 (2011). It is the capital of Satu Mare County, Romania, as well as the centre of the Satu Mare metropolitan area. It lies in th ...

(Sathmar) **:Commanding Officer: Colonel Béla Tarnáky *41st Honvéd Infantry Division – Budapest *:Commander: Feldmarschalleutnant Johann Nikić **81st Honvéd Infantry Brigade – Budapest **:Commander: Major General Eugen Perneczky **82nd Honvéd Infantry Brigade –

Veszprém Veszprém (; german: Weißbrunn, sl, Belomost) is one of the oldest urban areas in Hungary, and a city with county rights. It lies approximately north of the Lake Balaton. It is the administrative center of the county (comitatus or 'megye') of ...

(Wesprim) **:Commander: Major General Rudolf Schamschula

Independent infantry brigades

*45th Honvéd Infantry Brigade –

*:Commander: Major General Rudolf Seide *46th Honvéd Infantry Brigade – Lugos *:Commander: Major General Lehel Festl *73rd Honvéd Infantry Brigade –

*:Commanding Officer: Colonel Paul von Nagy *74th Honvéd Infantry Brigade – Nyitra *:Commander: Major General Franz Cvrček *75th Honvéd Infantry Brigade –

*:Commander: Major General Karl Lippner von Nagyszentmiklós *76th Honvéd Infantry Brigade – Nagyszeben *:Commanding Officer: Colonel Adalbert Benke von Tardoskedd *77th Honvéd Infantry Brigade – Kassa *:Commanding Officer: Colonel Desiderius Molnár von Péterfalva *78th Honvéd Infantry Brigade – Miskolcz *:Commander: Major General Josef Foglár *79th Honvéd Infantry Brigade –

*:Commander: Major General Koloman Tabajdi *80th Honvéd Infantry Brigade –

Pécs Pécs ( , ; hr, Pečuh; german: Fünfkirchen, ; also known by other alternative names) is the fifth largest city in Hungary, on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the country's southwest, close to its border with Croatia. It is the administ ...

*:Commanding Officer: Colonel Johann Háber *83rd Honvéd Infantry Brigade – Agram *:Commander: Major General Nikolaus Ištvanović von Ivanska *84th Honvéd Infantry Brigade – Osijek *:Commanding Officer: Colonel Daniel Kolak

Cavalry divisions

*5th Honvéd Cavalry Division Budapest *:Commander: Feldmarschalleutnant Ernst Anton von Froreich-Szábo **19th Honvéd Cavalry Brigade – Budapest **:Commander: Major General Ferdinand Graf von Bissingen und Nippenburg **23rd Honvéd Cavalry Brigade –

Zalaegerszeg Zalaegerszeg (; hr, Jegersek; sl, Jageršek; german: Egersee) is the administrative center of Zala county in western Hungary. Location Zalaegerszeg lies on the banks of the Zala River, close to the Slovenian and Austrian borders and west-southw ...

**:Commanding Officer: Colonel Baron Colbert Zech *11th Honvéd Cavalry Division – Debreczen *:Commander: Major General Julius Freiherr Nagy von Töbör-Éthe **22nd Landwehr Cavalry Brigade – Szeged **:Commanding Officer: Colonel Karl Czitó **24th Landwehr Cavalry Brigade – Kassa **:Commanding Officer: Colonel Ladislaus Jóny von Jamnik

Infantry regiments

Cavalry regiments

*1st Budapest Honvéd Hussars **19th Honvád Cavalry Brigade – 5th Honvéd Cavalry Division *:Commanding Officer: Colonel Colbert Zech von Deybach Freiherr von Hart und Sulz – Debachi Zech Colbert *2nd Debreczen Honvéd Hussars **22nd Honvéd Cavalry Brigade – 11th Honvéd Cavalry Division *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Johann Flór – Flór János alezredes *3rd Szeged Honvéd Hussars **22nd Honvéd Cavalry Brigade – 11th Honvéd Cavalry Division *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Árpád Cserépy von Kisruszka – Kisruszkai Cserépy Árpád alezredes *4th Szabadka Honvéd Hussars **I and II Sqns, 23rd Honvéd Infantry Division **III and IV Sqns, 20th Honvéd Infantry Division **V and VI Sqns, 41st Honvéd Infantry Division *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Nikolaus Jankovich von Jeszenicze – Jeszeniczai Jankovich Miklós alezredes *5th Kassa Honvéd Hussars **24th Honvéd Cavalry Brigade – 11th Honvéd Cavalry Division *:Commanding Officer: Colonel Paul Hegedüs – Hegedüs Pál ezredes *6th Zalaegerszeg Honvéd Hussars **23rd Honvéd Cavalry Brigade – 5th Honvéd Cavalry Division *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Ladislaus Forster von Szenterzsébet – Szenterzsébeti Forster László alezredes *7th Pápa Honvéd Hussars **23rd Honvéd Cavalry Brigade – 5th Honvéd Cavalry Division *:Commanding Officer: Colonel Johann Graf Lubienski – Gróf Lubienski János ezredes *Pécs Honvéd Hussars 8 **19th Honvéd Cavalry Brigade – 5th Honvéd Cavalry Division *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Alexius Thege von Konkoly – Konkoly Thege Elek alezredes *9th Maros-Vásárhely Honvéd Hussars **24th Honvéd Cavalry Brigade -1st Honvéd Cavalry Division *:Commanding Officer: Colonel Koloman Géczy von Garamszeg – Garamszegi Géczy Kálmán ezredes *10th Varazdin Honvéd Hussars **I and II Sqns, 36th Honvéd Infantry Division **III and IV Sqns, 42nd Honvéd Infantry Division **V and VI Sqns, 13th Honvéd Infantrybrigade *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Alois Hauer – Hauer Alajos alezredes

Field artillery regiments

*1st Regiment of Artillery – 1. honvéd tábori ágyúsezred *:Garrison: Budapest – 4th Honvéd Infantry Division – I Landwehr District *:formed: 1913 *:Commanding Officer: Colonel Anton Hellebronth von Tiszabeö – Tiszabeöi Hellebronth Antal ezredes *2nd Regiment of Field Artillery – 2 honvéd tábori ágyúsezred *:Garrison: Nagyszeben – 23rd Honvéd Infantry Division – V Landwehr District *:formed: 1914 *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Ladislaus Thaisz – Thaisz Lázló alezredes *3rd Regiment of Field Artillery – 3 honvéd tábori ágyúsezred *:Garrison: Kassa – 39th Honvéd Infantry Division – III Landwehr District *:formed: 1914 *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Heinrich Loidin – Loidin Henrik alezredes *4th Regiment of Field Artillery – 4 honvéd tábori ágyúsezred *:Garrison: Nyitra – 37th Honvéd Infantry Division – IV Landwehr District *:formed: 1914 *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Mattanovich – Mattanovich Sándor alezredes *5th Regiment of Field Artillery – 5 honvéd tábori ágyúsezred *:Garrison: Maros-Vásarhely – 38th Honvéd Infantry Division – V Landwehr District *:formed: 1914 *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Egon Stráner – Sztráner Jenő alezredes *6th Regiment of Field Artillery – 6 honvéd tábori ágyúsezred *:Garrison: Agram – 42nd Honvéd Infantry Division – VI Landwehr District *:formed: 1914 *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Rudolf Sekulić – Sekulić Rezső alezredes *7th Regiment of Field Artillery – 7 honvéd tábori ágyúsezred *:Garrison: Hajmaskér – 41st Honvéd Infantry Division – VII Landwehr District *:formed: 1914 *:Commanding Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Gustav Kapp – Capp Gusztáv alezredes *8th Regiment of Field Artillery – 8th honvéd tábori ágyúsezred *:Garrison: Hajmaskér – 20th Honvéd Infantry Division – II Landwehr District *:formed: 1914 *:Commanding Officer: Colonel Albert Pohl – Pohl Albert ezredes *1st Honvéd Horse Artillery Division – honvéd lovastüzér osztály *:Garrison: Szeged – 11th Honvéd Cavalry Division – II Landwehr District *:formed: 1914

Museum coverage

The history of Austro-Hungarian forces is documented in detail in the Military History Museum in Vienna, which was founded by Emperor

Franz Joseph I Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I (german: Franz Joseph Karl, hu, Ferenc József Károly, 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the other states of the Habsburg monarchy from 2 December 1848 until his ...

as the Imperial-Royal Court Armaments Museum (''k.k. Hofwaffenmuseum''). In a special display cabinet in Hall V (the Franz Joseph Hall) of the museum, several uniforms of the Imperial Royal Landwehr are displayed, a relief on the rear of the cabinet shows the territories from which the Hungarian Landwehr and the Imperial Royal Landwehr recruited.Johann Christoph Allmayer-Beck: ''Das Heeresgeschichtliche Museum Wien. Saal VI - Die k.(u.)k. Armee von 1867-1914'', Vienna, 1989, p. 25.

References

Literature and sources

* Allmayer-Beck, Johann Christoph and Lessing, Erich (1974). ''Die K.u.k. Armee. 1848–1918'' ("The Imperial and Royal Army 1848-1918"), Verlag Bertelsmann, Munich, 1974, . * k.u.k. Kriegsministerium ''Dislokation und Einteilung des k.u.k Heeres, der k.u.k. Kriegsmarine, der k.k. Landwehr und der k.u. Landwehr'' ("Location and Organization of the k.u.k. Army, the k.u.k. Navy, the k.k. Landwehr and the k.u. Landwehr") in Seidel's ''kleines Armeeschema'' – published by Seidel & Sohn, Vienna, 1914 * Rest, Stefan, Ortner, M. Christian and Ilmig, Thomas (2002). ''Des Kaisers Rock im 1. Weltkrieg'' ("The Emperor's Coat in the First World War"). Verlag Militaria, Vienna. * k.u.k. Kriegsministerium (1911/12). ''Adjustierungsvorschrift für das k.u.k. Heer, die k.k. Landwehr, die k.u. Landwehr, die verbundenen Einrichtungen und das Korps der Militärbeamten'' ("Dress Regulations for the k.u.k. Army, the k.k. Landwehr, the k.u. Landwehr, the Associated Organizations and the Corps of Military Officials"), Vienna. {{DEFAULTSORT:Royal Hungarian Honved Military history of Hungary Austro-Hungarian Army Establishments in the Kingdom of Hungary (1867–1918)