Rostov Oblast ( rus, Росто́вская о́бласть, r=Rostovskaya oblast, p=rɐˈstofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a
federal subject
The federal subjects of Russia, also referred to as the subjects of the Russian Federation (russian: субъекты Российской Федерации, subyekty Rossiyskoy Federatsii) or simply as the subjects of the federation (russian ...
of
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
(an
oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdo ...
), located in the
Southern Federal District
The Southern Federal District ( rus, Ю́жный федера́льный о́круг, Yuzhny federalny okrug, ˈjuʐnɨj fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨj ˈokrʊk) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia. Its territory lies mostly on the Pontic� ...
. The
oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdo ...
has an area of and a population of 4,277,976 (
2010 Census),
making it the sixth most populous federal subject in Russia. Its
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
is the
city
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
of
Rostov-on-Don, which also became the administrative center of the Southern Federal District in 2002.
Geography
Rostov Oblast borders
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
(
Donetsk
Donetsk ( , ; uk, Донецьк, translit=Donets'k ; russian: Донецк ), formerly known as Aleksandrovka, Yuzivka (or Hughesovka), Stalin and Stalino (see also: cities' alternative names), is an industrial city in eastern Ukraine loca ...
and
Luhansk Oblast
Luhansk Oblast ( uk, Луга́нська о́бласть, translit=Luhanska oblast; russian: Луганская область, translit=Luganskaya oblast; also referred to as Luhanshchyna, uk, Луга́нщина) is the easternmost oblast ...
s) and also
Volgograd
Volgograd ( rus, Волгогра́д, a=ru-Volgograd.ogg, p=vəɫɡɐˈɡrat), formerly Tsaritsyn (russian: Цари́цын, Tsarítsyn, label=none; ) (1589–1925), and Stalingrad (russian: Сталингра́д, Stalingrád, label=none; ) ...
and
Voronezh Oblast
Voronezh Oblast (russian: Воронежская область, Voronezhskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Voronezh. Its population was 2,308,792 as of the 2021 Census.
Geography
V ...
s in the north,
Krasnodar
Krasnodar (; rus, Краснода́р, p=krəsnɐˈdar; ady, Краснодар), formerly Yekaterinodar (until 1920), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The city stands on the Kuban River in southe ...
and
Stavropol Krais in the south, and the
Republic of Kalmykia
he official languages of the Republic of Kalmykia are the Kalmyk and Russian languages./ref>
, official_lang_list= Kalmyk
, official_lang_ref=Steppe Code (Constitution) of the Republic of Kalmykia, Article 17: he official languages of the ...
in the east. The Rostov oblast is located in the
Pontic-Caspian steppe. It is directly north over the
North Caucasus
The North Caucasus, ( ady, Темыр Къафкъас, Temır Qafqas; kbd, Ишхъэрэ Къаукъаз, İṩxhərə Qauqaz; ce, Къилбаседа Кавказ, Q̇ilbaseda Kavkaz; , os, Цӕгат Кавказ, Cægat Kavkaz, inh, ...
and west of the
Yergeni
Yergeni (russian: Ергени; xal, Ergnin җirn zurһan shiir) is a hilly area in Russia. It is located in the southern corner of the East European Plain, mostly in Kalmykia, with parts in Volgograd Oblast and Rostov Oblast. The highest point o ...
hills.
[ Google Earth]
It is within the Russian
Southern Federal District
The Southern Federal District ( rus, Ю́жный федера́льный о́круг, Yuzhny federalny okrug, ˈjuʐnɨj fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨj ˈokrʊk) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia. Its territory lies mostly on the Pontic� ...
.
Rivers and lakes
The
Don River
The Don ( rus, Дон, p=don) is the fifth-longest river in Europe. Flowing from Central Russia to the Sea of Azov in Southern Russia, it is one of Russia's largest rivers and played an important role for traders from the Byzantine Empire.
Its ...
, one of
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...
's longest rivers, flows through the oblast for part of its course. Lakes cover only 0.4% of the oblast's area.
Administrative divisions
It was formed in 1937 out of the
Azov-Black Sea Krai.
Demographics
Population:
;Vital statistics for 2012
*Births: 49 715 (11.7 per 1000)
*Deaths: 59 376 (14.0 per 1000)
;Total fertility rate
2012: 1.51 , 2013: 1.52 , 2014: 1.61 , 2015: 1.63 , 2016: 1.60 (estimate)
Ethnic groups
Residents identified themselves as belonging to 157 different ethnic groups, including 27 of more than 2,000 persons each. The largest ethnicities are
the 3,795,607
Russians
, native_name_lang = ru
, image =
, caption =
, population =
, popplace =
118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 '' Winkler Prins'' estimate)
, region1 =
, pop1 ...
(90.3%); the 110,727
Armenians
Armenians ( hy, հայեր, '' hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diasp ...
(2.6%) and the 77,802
Ukrainians
Ukrainians ( uk, Українці, Ukraintsi, ) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. They are the seventh-largest nation in Europe. The native language of the Ukrainians is Ukrainian. The majority of Ukrainians are Eastern Ort ...
(1.9%). Other important groups are the 35,902
Turks
Turk or Turks may refer to:
Communities and ethnic groups
* Turkic peoples, a collection of ethnic groups who speak Turkic languages
* Turkish people, or the Turks, a Turkic ethnic group and nation
* Turkish citizen, a citizen of the Republic ...
(0.9%); 16,493
Belarusians (0.4%)); 13,948
Tatars
The Tatars ()[Tatar]
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different (0.3%); 17,961
Azerbaijanis (0.4%); 11,449
Chechens
The Chechens (; ce, Нохчий, , Old Chechen: Нахчой, ''Naxçoy''), historically also known as ''Kisti'' and ''Durdzuks'', are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples native to the North Caucasus in Eastern Europe. "Eu ...
(0.3%); 16,657
Romani (0.4%); 11,597
Koreans
Koreans ( South Korean: , , North Korean: , ; see names of Korea) are an East Asian ethnic group native to the Korean Peninsula.
Koreans mainly live in the two Korean nation states: North Korea and South Korea (collectively and simply re ...
(0.3%); 8,296
Georgians (0.2%), and 2,040
Assyrians (.05%). There were also 76,498 people (1.8%) belonging to other ethno-cultural groupings. 76,735 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.
Religion
According to a 2012 survey
49.5% of the population of Rostov Oblast adheres to the
Russian Orthodox Church
, native_name_lang = ru
, image = Moscow July 2011-7a.jpg
, imagewidth =
, alt =
, caption = Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow, Russia
, abbreviation = ROC
, type ...
, 6% are
unaffiliated generic
Christians
Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words '' Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρ ...
, 1% are either Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to church or are members of other (non-Russian) Orthodox bodies, 1% are
Muslims, and 1% are adherents of the
Slavic native faith
The Slavic Native Faith, commonly known as Rodnovery
* bg, Родноверие, translit=Rоdnoverie
* bs, Rodnovjerje
* mk, Родноверие, translit=Rodnoverie
* cz, Rodnověří
* hr, Rodnovjerje
* pl, Rodzimowierstwo; Rodzima ...
(Rodnovery) movement. In addition, 26% of the population declares to be "
spiritual but not religious", 12% is
atheist, and 3.5% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.
The
Ascension Cathedral is the largest
Russian Orthodox
Russian Orthodoxy (russian: Русское православие) is the body of several churches within the larger communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, whose liturgy is or was traditionally conducted in Church Slavonic language. Most ...
church in
Novocherkassk
Novocherkassk (russian: Новочерка́сск, lit. ''New Cherkassk'') is a city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located near the confluence of the Tuzlov and Aksay Rivers, the latter a distributary of the Don River. Novocherkassk is best known ...
, Rostov Oblast,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
. It used to be one of the largest churches of the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
and the main church of the
Don Host Province.
The five-domed building, which stands 75 meters tall, is a notable example of Russian
Neo-Byzantine architecture
Neo-Byzantine architecture (also referred to as Byzantine Revival) was a revival movement, most frequently seen in religious, institutional and public buildings. It incorporates elements of the Byzantine style associated with Eastern and Or ...
. It was erected between 1891 and 1904 on the site of an earlier church. The first church on the site was built to
Luigi Rusca
Luigi Rusca (Алоизий Иванович Руска; 1762–1822) was a Neoclassical architect from Ticino who worked in Russia, Ukraine and Estonia between 1783 and 1818.
Life and career
Rusca was apprenticed to Georg Veldten and Giacomo ...
's designs. It collapsed in 1846. A replacement church collapsed 17 years later.
Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin ― one of the oldest churches in Rostov-on-Don. For a considerable period of time, Intercession Church served as the principal church not only for the fortress of St. Dimitry of Rostov but also for the people of local settlements. Since the end of the 18th century, the Church of Intercession had been considered to be a
cathedral
A cathedral is a church that contains the '' cathedra'' () of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, conference, or episcopate. Churches with the function of "cathedral" are usually specific to those Christian denominatio ...
. The status changed in 1822, when
Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the decree of the
Holy Synod
In several of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches and Eastern Catholic Churches, the patriarch or head bishop is elected by a group of bishops called the Holy Synod. For instance, the Holy Synod is a ruling body of the Georgian Orthodox C ...
was declared cathedral.
Culture
Attractions
Theatres
* Rostov academic drama theatre, named after Maxim Gorky.
*
Rostov State Musical Theater. The theater opened in September 1999, and is the successor to the 1919 Rostov Musical Comedy Theater, one of the best operetta theaters in the Soviet Union.
The theater has two stages as well as a music and entertainment center, and hosts about 300 performances and concerts annually, as well as various forums and festivals. Its repertoire encompasses both musical traditions, as well as experiments in the field of contemporary art.
* Rostov state puppet theatre.
* Rostov regional academic youth theatre (former Rostov theatre for young spectators).
*
Taganrog Theatre
The Taganrog Drama Theater named after Anton Chekhov and decorated with Order of Honor (Russian Federation), Order of Honor (russian: Таганрогский ордена Почёта драматический театр имени А.П.Чех� ...
. The Taganrog Theater was established in 1827 by governor Alexander Dunaev. The theater was subsidized by the Taganrog's City Council since 1828, and its first director was Alexander Gor. The first group of Russian drama artists was directed by Perovsky and toured around the region, giving performances in Rostov on Don, Novocherkassk, Bahmut. The repertoire consisted mainly of dramas, melodramas and vaudevilles. In 1874, the Taganrog Municipality acquired the theater building by the purchase of its stocks.
* Don theatre of drama and Comedy V. F. Komissarzhevskaya (the Cossack drama theatre) Novocherkassk.
* Shakhty drama theatre, Shakhty.
* Novoshakhtinskiy drama theatre, Novoshakhtinsk.
Museums
In Rostov-on-Don
* Center for Contemporary Art "Tobacco Factory".
* Rostov Regional Museum of Local History.
* Rostov Regional Museum of Fine Arts.
* Museum of Contemporary Art at Dmitrovskaya.
* Museum of Russian-Armenian Friendship.
*
Museum of North Caucasus Railway. The first museum of history of
North Caucasus Railway
North Caucasus Railway ( rus, Северо-Кавказская железная дорога) is a broad gauge Russian railway network that links the Sea of Azov (in the west) and Caspian Sea (in the east). It runs through ten federal subjects ...
opened on 4 November 1960 in a Community Center of railwaymen at
Rostov-Glavny station. Permanent exposition includes: information boards about famous North Caucasus railwaymen, model trains on a scale 1:15, uniform, cases, panoramas, implements of various times. The exhibition covers the period from emergence of
rail transport
Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a p ...
in the region up to the present moment. The various collections from the
Russian Civil War
{{Infobox military conflict
, conflict = Russian Civil War
, partof = the Russian Revolution and the aftermath of World War I
, image =
, caption = Clockwise from top left:
{{flatlist,
*Soldiers ...
and the
Great Patriotic War
The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers against the Soviet Union (USSR), Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northeast Europe (Baltics), and Sou ...
, now exceed 12,000 objects in the main fund.
In other cities of the region
* Aksai Military History Museum, Aksay.
* Archaeological museum-reserve "Tanais", Nedvigovka.
*
, Azov. The bulk of the museum is located in the three-story building erected in 1892 which belonged to the former town council, there are 22 rooms. The symbol of the museum is the skeleton of a Trogontherium mammoth that existed 800-600 thousand years ago in the interglacial period. This is the world's unique skeleton with the whole skull. The museum's areas: permanent exhibitions - 2852 m
2, temporary exhibitions - 580 m
2, storage facilities - 1896 m
2, park (open air) - 7.13 hectares.
*
Bataysk Museum of History, Bataysk.
* Gukovo Museum of Mining Work, Gukovo.
* House-Museum of S. Budyonny, Stan. Budennovskaya.
* Novocherkassk Museum of the History of the Don Cossacks, Novocherkassk.
* Razdorsk Ethnographic Museum-Reserve, the camp. Razdorskaya.
* Salsk Art Museum named after People's Artist VK Nechitailo, Salsk.
* Shakhty Museum of Local History, Shakhty.
*
Taganrog military museum, Taganrog. The start of museum exhibition creation refers to May 9, 2004, when the club Auto-Retro Taganrog was founded. Subsequently, several vehicle units were purchased and repaired. In 2008, club activity concept got military direction. On May 6, 2010, permanent exhibition consisting of several thousands of exhibits was opened. In July 2012, the name Taganrog military museum got official status.
*
The State Museum-Reserve of MA Sholokhov, St. Veshenskaya.
* Volgodonsk Art Museum, Volgodonsk.
* Volgodonsk Ecological and Historical Museum, Volgodonsk.
Economy
Major industries of Rostov Oblast are
agriculture
Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people t ...
, agricultural industry, food processing, heavy industry,
coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Coal is formed when ...
and
automobile
A car or automobile is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of ''cars'' say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people instead of goods.
The year 1886 is regarde ...
manufacture.
The largest companies in the region include
Novoshakhtinsk Petrochemical Plant,
Gloria Jeans Corp.,
Rostvertol
JSC Rostvertol (russian: Роствертол) is a Russian helicopter manufacturer company located in Rostov-on-Don. It was founded on 1 July 1939. Rostvertol has been producing helicopters designed by the Mil design bureau since 1956 and is a ...
,
Oil-extracting factory "Yug Rusi",
North Caucasian Railway.
Banking sector
In the Rostov Region in 1989, the first commercial bank in Southern Russia,
Rostovsoсbank, was created on the basis of the regional division of the
Zhilsotsbank USSR. The bank existed from 1989 to 1998, with four branches operating in Rostov-on-Don. In addition, the bank had branches in the cities of Taganrog, Shakhty, Gukovo and Donetsk. In 1998 Rostovsotsbank lost solvency, but was able to ensure full repayment of deposits to all depositors before the establishment of the Deposit Insurance System, even before the revocation of the banking license.
From 1999 to 2010, one of the largest banks in Southern Russia was
Donskoy Narodny Bank (''Don People's Bank''), located in Rostov-on-Don.
As of 2022, there are 7 regional credit organizations and 21 bank branches operating in Rostov Oblast. The leading positions are taken by
Sberbank
PJSC Sberbank (russian: Сбербанк, initially a contraction of russian: сберегательный банк, translit=sberegatelnyy bank, lit=savings bank, link=no) is a Russian majority state-owned banking and financial services compa ...
,
VTB,
Alfa-Bank
ALFA-BANK JSC (Alfa-Bank), is the largest of the private banks in Russia. It was founded in 1990 by Russian businessman Mikhail Fridman, who is still the controlling owner today. Headquartered in Moscow, it operates in seven countries, providi ...
,
Rosbank
Rosbank (Russian: Росбанк) is a Russian universal bank. In October 2020, Rosbank ranked 11th among Russian banks in terms of assets (RUB 1379 billion). According to Forbes Russia, Rosbank was the third most reliable Russian bank in 2021.
L ...
,
Center-Invest and
Fora-Bank.
Gallery
File:Rostov Obl Adm.JPG, alt=, Rostov Oblast Government building
File:Новочеркасск. Вознесенский войсковой патриарший кафедральный собор.jpg, alt=, Novocherkassk
Novocherkassk (russian: Новочерка́сск, lit. ''New Cherkassk'') is a city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located near the confluence of the Tuzlov and Aksay Rivers, the latter a distributary of the Don River. Novocherkassk is best known ...
Ascension Cathedral in 2019
File:Раздорские склоны.jpg, alt=, Steppe of the Rostov Oblast in the Ust-Donetsky District belongs to the Pontic-Caspian steppe
File:Раздорские склоны донского правобережья.jpg, alt=, Forest-steppe in Rostov oblast
File:Teatr Gorkogo.jpg, alt=, Rostov academic drama theatre named after Maxim Gorky
File:RR5514-0043R.png, alt=, Reverse side of 2007 commemorative coin
File:Taganport.jpg, alt=, The port of Taganrog
References
Sources
*
*
External links
Official website of Rostov OblastRussian South News and events of Rostov Oblast
Official Tourism Portal of Rostov OblastOfficial Tourism Portal of Rostov OblastCentral Eurasian Information Resource: Images of Rostov Oblast- University of Washington Digital Collection
{{Use mdy dates, date=August 2014
1937 establishments in Russia
History of the Don Cossacks
States and territories established in 1937
Southern Federal District