Roger Masters
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Roger Davis Masters (born June 8, 1933) studied at
Harvard Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher le ...
(A.B. 1955,
Summa cum Laude Latin honors are a system of Latin phrases used in some colleges and universities to indicate the level of distinction with which an academic degree has been earned. The system is primarily used in the United States. It is also used in some Sou ...
), served in the
U.S. Army The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution.Article II, section 2, cl ...
(1955–57) and completed his M.A. (1958) and Ph.D. (1961) at the
University of Chicago The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, U of C, or UChi) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. Its main campus is located in Chicago's Hyde Park neighborhood. The University of Chicago is consistently ranked among the b ...
. After teaching at
Yale Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the wor ...
(1961–1967), he has been on the faculty at
Dartmouth College Dartmouth College (; ) is a private research university in Hanover, New Hampshire. Established in 1769 by Eleazar Wheelock, it is one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution. Although founded to educate Native A ...
(1967 to present) as well as
Cultural Attaché A cultural attaché is a diplomat with varying responsibilities, depending on the sending state of the attaché. Historically, such posts were filled by writers and artists, giving them a steady income, and allowing them to develop their own creat ...
at the American Embassy in
Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
(1969–1971). He is currently the Nelson A. Rockefeller Professor of Government Emeritus and Research Professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth.


Academic career

Roger Masters has made deep and wide-ranging contributions in
social science Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the field of sociology, the original "science of soc ...
. The central concern of his career has been how biological circumstances influence individual behavior and social outcomes. Masters began his career in
political philosophy Political philosophy or political theory is the philosophical study of government, addressing questions about the nature, scope, and legitimacy of public agents and institutions and the relationships between them. Its topics include politics, l ...
as a student of
Leo Strauss Leo Strauss (, ; September 20, 1899 – October 18, 1973) was a German-American political philosopher who specialized in classical political philosophy. Born in Germany to Jewish parents, Strauss later emigrated from Germany to the United States. ...
at the University of Chicago. His dissertation and subsequent book ''The Political Philosophy of Rousseau'' helped demonstrate the importance of
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau (, ; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolu ...
in modern thought. He translated and edited influential new editions of Rousseau's works (''The First and Second Discourses'' and ''On the Social Contract, with the Geneva Manuscript and Political Economy''), and later co-edited the only complete English edition of ''The Collected Writings of Rousseau''. The role of natural science in early political thought is also addressed in his 1996 book, ''Machiavelli, Leonardo and the Science of Power'', and his 1998 book, ''Fortune is a River: Leonardo da Vinci and Niccolò Machiavelli's Magnificent Dream to Change the Course of Florentine History''. Masters' investigation of how nature influences human societies led to significant contributions in the field of
international relations International relations (IR), sometimes referred to as international studies and international affairs, is the scientific study of interactions between sovereign states. In a broader sense, it concerns all activities between states—such as ...
, as well as human
ethology Ethology is the scientific study of animal behaviour, usually with a focus on behaviour under natural conditions, and viewing behaviour as an evolutionarily adaptive trait. Behaviourism as a term also describes the scientific and objectiv ...
and
sociobiology Sociobiology is a field of biology that aims to examine and explain social behavior in terms of evolution. It draws from disciplines including psychology, ethology, anthropology, evolution, zoology, archaeology, and population genetics. Within t ...
. This work included pioneering laboratory experiments in
political communication Political communication is a subfield of communication and political science that is concerned with how information spreads and influences politics, policy makers, the news media, and citizens. Since the advent of the World Wide Web, the amount ...
. Later, Masters' research on biology and human behavior led to new epidemiological evidence regarding the behavioral impacts of
neurotoxins Neurotoxins are toxins that are destructive to nerve tissue (causing neurotoxicity). Neurotoxins are an extensive class of exogenous chemical neurological insultsSpencer 2000 that can adversely affect function in both developing and mature nerv ...
, first on the consequences of
lead poisoning Lead poisoning, also known as plumbism and saturnism, is a type of metal poisoning caused by lead in the body. The brain is the most sensitive. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, irritability, memory problems, inferti ...
, and then on the links between a common method of
water fluoridation Water fluoridation is the controlled adjustment of fluoride to a public water supply solely to reduce tooth decay. Fluoridated water contains fluoride at a level that is effective for preventing cavities; this can occur naturally or by adding ...
to elevated blood lead and a higher prevalence of violent crime, substance abuse and learning disabilities. Masters' work has pioneered the application of natural science discoveries to the social sciences and government policy. He was a founding member and serves on the Executive Council of the
Association for Politics and the Life Sciences The Association for Politics and the Life Sciences (APLS) was formed in 1981 and exists to study the field of biopolitics as a subfield of political science. APLS owns an academic peer-reviewed journal, ''Politics and the Life Sciences ''Politic ...
, and leads an ongoing consultancy on biology and politics for the
U.S. Department of Defense The United States Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government directly related to national secur ...
in collaboration with anthropologist
Lionel Tiger Lionel Tiger (born February 5, 1937) is a Canadian-American anthropologist. He is the Charles Darwin Professor of Anthropology at Rutgers University and co-Research Director of the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation. Early life and education Born ...
and neuroscientist
Michael T. McGuire Dr. Michael Terrence McGuire (1929/1930 - February 1, 2016) was an American psychiatrist who made contributions to the theory of psychoanalysis, biological psychiatry, evolutionary biology, sociobiology and the theory and practice of psychiatry. ...
. He served on the 2006-07 "Get the Lead out of Vermont" task force, and is frequently consulted by other government agencies or activists concerned with the behavioral consequences of environmental toxins.


Published work


Principal books

* Masters, Roger D. (ed.), 1964. ''The First and Second Discourses'' by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, translated by Roger D Masters and Judith R Masters. New York: St. Martin's Press (). * Masters, Roger D. (ed.), 1967. ''The Nation is Burdened: American foreign policy in a changing world. '' New York: Random House () * Masters, Roger D., 1968. ''The Political Philosophy of Rousseau.'' Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press (), also available in French (). * Masters, Roger D. (ed.), 1978. ''On the Social Contract, with the Geneva Manuscript and Political Economy'' by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, translated by Judith R Masters. New York: St Martin's Press (). * Masters, Roger D., 1989. ''The Nature of Politics.'' New Haven: Yale University Press (). * Masters, Roger D., 1993. ''Beyond Relativism: Science and Human Values.'' Hanover, NH: University Press of New England (). * Masters, Roger D., 1996. ''Machiavelli, Leonardo and the Science of Power.'' Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press (). See als
NYT book review
* Masters, Roger D., 1998. ''Fortune is a River: Leonardo da Vinci and Niccolò Machiavelli's Magnificent Dream to Change the Course of Florentine History.'' New York: Simon & Schuster (), also available in Chinese (), Japanese (), German (), Portuguese (), and Korean (). See als


Edited volumes

* Gruter, Margaret and Roger D. Masters, eds., 1984. ''Ostracism: A Social and Biological Phenomenon.'' http://www.bepress.com/gruterclassics/ostracism (). * Masters, Roger D. and Margaret Gruter, eds.,1992. ''The Sense of Justice: Biological Foundations of Law.'' Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications (). * Masters, Roger D. and Michael T. McGuire, eds. 1994. ''The Neurotransmitter Revolution: Serotonin, Social Behavior, and the Law.'' Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press (). * Masters, Roger D., Glendon A. Schubert and Albert Somit, eds., 1994. ''Primate Politics''. Lanham, MD: University Press of America ()


Edited series

* Masters, Roger D. and Christopher Kelly, eds. (1990

Hanover, NH: University Press of New England (12 volumes, various years). Series includes: ** ''The Confessions and Correspondence, Including the Letters to Malesherbes'' () ** ''Dialogues'' () ** ''Autobiographical, Scientific, Religious, Moral, and Literary Writings'' () ** ''Discourse on the Origins of Inequality (Second Discourse), Polemics, and Political Economy'' () ** ''Discourse on the Sciences and Arts (First Discourse) and Polemics'' () ** ''Essay on the Origin of Languages and Writings Related to Music'' () ** ''Julie, or the New Heloise'' () ** ''Letter to Beaumont, Letters Written from the Mountain, and Related Writings'' () ** ''Letter to D'Alembert and Writings for the Theater'' () ** ''The Plan for Perpetual Peace, On the Government of Poland, and Other Writings on History and Politics'' () ** ''The Reveries of the Solitary Walker, Botanical Writings, and Letter to Franquières'' () ** ''Social Contract, Discourse on the Virtue Most Necessary for a Hero, Political Fragments, and Geneva Manuscript'' ()


Principal articles and book chapters, by theme

International Relations * Masters, Roger D. (1961), A Multi-Bloc Model of the International System. ''The American Political Science Review'', Vol. 55, No. 4 (Dec.), pp. 780-798. * Masters, Roger D. (1964b), World Politics as a Primitive Political System. ''World Politics'', Vol. 16, No. 4 (July), pp. 595-619. Political Theory * Masters, Roger D. (1977), The Case of Aristotle's Missing Dialogues: Who Wrote the Sophist, the Statesman, and the Politics? ''Political Theory'', Vol. 5, No. 1 (Feb.), pp. 31-60. * Human Ethology and Sociobiology * * * Masters, Roger D. (1982), Is Sociobiology Reactionary? The Political Implications of Inclusive-Fitness Theory. ''The Quarterly Review of Biology'', Vol. 57, No. 3 (Sep.), pp. 275-292. * Masters, Roger D. (1983), The Biological Nature of the State. ''World Politics'', Vol. 35, No. 2 (Jan.), pp. 161-193. * * Masters, Roger D. (1990), Evolutionary Biology and Political Theory. ''The American Political Science Review'', Vol. 84, No. 1 (March), pp. 195-210. * Political Communication * Masters, Roger D. (1981), Linking ethology and political science: Photographs, political attention, and presidential elections, in Meredith Watts, ed. ''Biopolitics: Ethological and physiological approaches.'' New York: Jossey-Bass. () * McHugo, Gregory J., Lanzetta, John T., Sullivan, Denis G., Masters, Roger D. and Englis, Basil G. (1985), Emotional Reactions to a Political Leader's Expressive Displays. ''Journal of Personality & Social Psychology''. 49(6, December):1513-1529. () * Roger D. Masters, Denis G. Sullivan, Alice Feola, Gregory J. McHugo (1987), Television Coverage of Candidates' Display Behavior during the 1984 Democratic Primaries in the United States, ''International Political Science Review''. Vol. 8, No. 2, (April), pp. 121-130. * Newton, James S., Roger D. Masters, Gregory J. McHugo and Denis G. Sullivan (1987), Making up Our Minds: Effects of Network Coverage on Viewer Impressions of Leaders. ''Polity'', Vol. 20, No. 2 (Winter), pp. 226-246. * Sullivan, Denis G., Roger D. Masters (1988), "Happy Warriors": Leaders' Facial Displays, Viewers' Emotions, and Political Support. ''American Journal of Political Science'', Vol. 32, No. 2 (May), pp. 345-368. * Masters, Roger D., Denis G. Sullivan (1989), Nonverbal Displays and Political Leadership in France and the United States. ''Political Behavior'', Vol. 11, No. 2 (June), pp. 123-156. * Masters, Roger D., Siegfried Frey, Gary Bente (1991), Dominance and Attention: Images of Leaders in German, French, & American TV News. ''Polity'', Vol. 23, No. 3 (Spring, 1991), pp. 373-394. * Masters, Roger D. (1991), Individual and cultural differences in response to leaders' nonverbal displays. ''Journal of Social Issues'', 47(3): 151-165. * * * Neurotoxins and Behavior * Masters, Roger D., with Baldwin Way, Brian T. Hone, David J. Grelotti, David Gonzalez, and David Jones (1997), Neurotoxicity and Violence, ''Vermont Law Review'', 22:358-382. * Masters, Roger D., Hone, Brian T., and Doshi, Anil. 1998. "Environmental Pollution, Neurotoxicity, and Criminal Violence," in J. Rose., ed., ''Environmental Toxicology: Current Developments'' (London: Taylor and Francis), pp. 13-48. () * ** * * Coplan, M.J. and R.D. Masters (2001), Guest Editorial: Silicofluorides and fluoridation. ''Fluoride''. Volume 34, No. 3 (Aug): 161-164. () * * Other * Masters, Roger D. (2002) "Pre-Emptive War, Iraq, and Suicide Bombers," The Forum: Vol. 1 : Iss. 2, Article 3.


References


External links

*http://www.dartmouth.edu/~rmasters *http://www.dartmouth.edu/~govt/faculty/masters.html * {{DEFAULTSORT:Masters, Roger American political scientists 1933 births American political philosophers Dartmouth College faculty Harvard University alumni Living people University of Chicago alumni Yale University faculty