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Rhynchosporium secalis is an
ascomycete Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defi ...
fungus that is the causal agent of barley and rye scald.


Morphology

No sexual stage is known. The mycelium is hyaline to light gray and develops sparsely as a compact stroma under the cuticle of the host plant. Condia (2-4 x 12-20 μm) are borne sessilely on cells of the fertile stroma. They are hyaline, 1-septate, and cylindric to ovate, mostly with a short apical beak. Microconida have been reported, but their function is unknown. They are exuded from flasklike mycelial branches.


Host species

*'' Agropyron dasystachyum'', '' A. desertorum'', '' A. elmeri'', '' A. intermedium'', '' A. riparium'', '' A. scabriglume'', '' A. semicostatum'', '' A. subsecundum'', '' A. trachycaulum'', ''A. trachycaulum'' var. ''trachycaulum'', ''A. trachycaulum'' var. ''unilaterale'' *''
Agrostis gigantea ''Agrostis gigantea'', known by its common names black bent and redtop, is a perennial grass of the ''Agrostis'' genus. It is native to Europe, but in the cooler areas of North America was widely used as a pasture grass until the 1940s. Although ...
'', '' A. stolonifera'', '' A. tenuis'' *''
Alopecurus geniculatus ''Alopecurus geniculatus'' is a species of grass known by the common name water foxtail or marsh foxtail. It is native to much of Eurasia and introduced into North America, South America, and Australia. It grows in moist areas. ''Alopecurus ge ...
'', '' A. pratensis'' *''
Bouteloua gracilis ''Bouteloua gracilis'', the blue grama, is a long-lived, warm-season ( C4) perennial grass, native to North America. It is most commonly found from Alberta, Canada, east to Manitoba and south across the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and U.S. M ...
'', '' B. hirsuta'' *'' Bromus aleutensis'', '' B. carinatus'', '' B. ciliatus'', '' B. frondosus'', '' B. inermis'', '' B. pumpellianus'', '' B. secalinus'', '' B. vulgaris'' *'' Calamagrostis arundinacea'', '' C. epigejos'' *'' Chrysopogon gryllus'' *'' Critesion murinum'' *''
Cynodon dactylon ''Cynodon dactylon'', commonly known as Bermuda grass, is a grass found worldwide. It is native to Europe, Africa, Australia and much of Asia. It has been introduced to the Americas. Although it is not native to Bermuda, it is an abundant invasiv ...
'' *''
Dactylis glomerata ''Dactylis Glomerata'' is the sixth studio album by Swedish doom metal band Candlemass, released in 1998. This was their first album released since their split in 1994. The album was originally destined to be the second release by Candlemass m ...
'' * ''Danthonia'' sp. *''
Deschampsia cespitosa ''Deschampsia cespitosa'', commonly known as tufted hairgrass or tussock grass, is a perennial tufted plant in the grass family Poaceae. Distribution of this species is widespread including the eastern and western coasts of North America, parts o ...
'' *'' Elymus angustus'', '' E. canadensis'', '' E. chinensis'', '' E. glaucus'', '' E. junceus'', '' E. repens'', '' E. virginicus'' *''
Festuca pratensis ''Festuca pratensis'', the meadow fescue, is a perennial species of grass, which is often used as an ornamental grass in gardens, and is also an important forage crop. It grows in meadows, roadsides, old pastures, and riversides on moist, rich ...
'', '' F. rubra'' *''
Hordeum aegiceras ''Hordeum'' is a genus of annual and perennial plants in the grass family. They are native throughout the temperate regions of Africa, Eurasia, and the Americas. One species, ''Hordeum vulgare'' ( barley), has become of major commercial importan ...
'', '' H. brachyantherum'', '' H. distichon'', '' H. hexastichon'', '' H. jubatum'', '' H. leporinum'', '' H. murinum'', '' H. vulgare'', ''H. vulgare'' var. ''nudum'', ''H. vulgare'' var. ''trifurcatum'' *''
Leymus condensatus ''Leymus condensatus'', the giant wildrye, is a wild rye grass native to eastern Oregon, California and northern Mexico. Description ''Leymus condensatus'' also commonly referred to as ''Canyon Prince'' is a type of wild rye that is part of t ...
'', '' L. innovatus'', '' L. triticoides'' *''
Lolium multiflorum ''Lolium multiflorum'' (Italian rye-grass, annual ryegrass) is a ryegrass native to temperate Europe, though its precise native range is unknown. It is a herbaceous annual, biennial, or perennial grass that is grown for silage, and as a cove ...
'', '' L. perenne'', '' L. rigidum'' *''
Microlaena stipoides ''Microlaena stipoides'', synonym ''Ehrharta stipoides'', is a species of grass. It occurs naturally in all states of Australia as well as in New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and the Philippines.''Panicum'' sp. *''
Phalaris arundinacea ''Phalaris arundinacea'', or reed canary grass, is a tall, perennial bunchgrass that commonly forms extensive single-species stands along the margins of lakes and streams and in wet open areas, with a wide distribution in Europe, Asia, norther ...
'' *''
Phleum pratense Timothy (''Phleum pratense'') is an abundant perennial grass native to most of Europe except for the Mediterranean region. It is also known as timothy-grass, meadow cat's-tail or common cat's tail. It is a member of the genus '' Phleum'', consi ...
'' *'' Poa annua'', '' P. eminens'', '' P. pratensis'' *'' Quercus chrysolepis'' * ''Roegneria'' sp. *'' Secale cereale'', '' S. montanum'' * × ''Triticosecale'' sp.


Sources


Index Fungorum

USDA ARS Fungal Database


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q7321729 Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Rye diseases Barley diseases Ascomycota enigmatic taxa