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A 20th-century system of plant taxonomy, the Reveal system (see also the Thorne & Reveal system) of plant classification was drawn up by the American botanist
James Reveal James Lauritz Reveal (March 29, 1941 – January 9, 2015) was a U.S. botanist best known for his contributions to the genus ''Eriogonum'' and for his work on suprageneric names. His website, at PlantSystematics.org, also presents material on plant ...
(1941-2015). The system was published online in 1997 in ten parts as lecture notes comparing the major systems in use at that time. Subsequently, Reveal became an author with the consensus
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the taxonomy of flowering plants (angiosperms) that reflects new knowledge about plant relationships disc ...
(APG) on the APG II 2003 and APG III 2009 processes. Although this largely supplanted the earlier and competing systems, he collaborated with Robert Thorne on his system (2007), and subsequently continued to develop his own system.


1997 system

* division
Magnoliophyta Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants t ...
angiosperms*: class
Magnoliopsida Magnoliopsida is a valid botanical name for a class of flowering plants. By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its circumscription can otherwise vary, being more inclusive or less inclusive depending upon the classif ...
*:: subclass Magnoliidae *: class Piperopsida *:: subclass Piperidae *:: subclass Nymphaeidae *:: subclass Nelumbonidae *: class
Liliopsida Liliopsida Batsch (synonym: Liliatae) is a botanical name for the class containing the family Liliaceae (or Lily Family). It is considered synonymous (or nearly synonymous) with the name monocotyledon. Publication of the name is credited to Scopol ...
monocots*:: subclass Triurididae *:: subclass Aridae *:: subclass
Liliidae Liliidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used (there are many such systems); the only requirement being that it includes the family Liliaceae. Liliidae in Ta ...
*:: subclass
Arecidae Arecidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used (there are many such systems); the only requirement being that it includes the family Arecaceae. Arecidae in t ...
*:: subclass
Commelinidae In plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids) (plural, not capitalised) is a clade of flowering plants within the monocots, distinguished by having cell walls containing ferulic acid. The commelinids are the only clade that the APG IV ...
*:: subclass
Zingiberidae Zingiberidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used (there are many such systems); the only requirement being that it includes the family Zingiberaceae. Cron ...
*: class Ranunculopsida *:: subclass Ranunculidae *: class Rosopsida *:: subclass
Caryophyllidae Caryophyllidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. At the moment there is no complete consensus about what orders it includes, except that it presumably contains the order Caryophyllales. Note that this is only a naming difficulty: w ...
*:: subclass
Hamamelididae Hamamelididae is an obsolete botanical name at the rank of subclass. Because some hamamelidid members bear aments (''i.e.'', catkins), this subclass has been formerly known as ''Amentiferae''. Based on molecular phylogeny works, Hamamelididae app ...
*:: subclass
Dilleniidae Dillenidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used; the only requirement being that it includes the family Dilleniaceae. A well-known system that uses this name ...
*:: subclass
Rosidae Under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), Rosidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used; the only requirement being t ...
*:: subclass Cornidae *:: subclass Lamiidae *:: subclass Asteridae ---- In more detail: * division 6.
Magnoliophyta Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants t ...
*: class 1.
Magnoliopsida Magnoliopsida is a valid botanical name for a class of flowering plants. By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its circumscription can otherwise vary, being more inclusive or less inclusive depending upon the classif ...
*:: subclass 1. Magnoliidae *::: superorder 1.
Magnolianae Magnoliids (or Magnoliidae or Magnolianae) are a clade of flowering plants. With more than 10,000 species, including magnolias, nutmeg, bay laurel, cinnamon, avocado, black pepper, tulip tree and many others, it is the third-largest group of angio ...
*:::: order 1.
Winterales Canellales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants, one of the four orders of the magnoliids. It is recognized by the most recent classification of flowering plants, the APG IV system. It is defined to contain two families: Canel ...
*::::: family 1.
Winteraceae Winteraceae is a primitive family of tropical trees and shrubs including 93 species in five genera. It is of particular interest because it is such a primitive angiosperm family, distantly related to Magnoliaceae, though it has a much more s ...
*:::: order 2.
Canellales Canellales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants, one of the four orders of the magnoliids. It is recognized by the most recent classification of flowering plants, the APG IV system. It is defined to contain two families: Canel ...
*::::: family 1.
Canellaceae The Canellaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Canellales.Walter S. Judd, Christopher S. Campbell, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Peter F. Stevens, and Michael J. Donoghue. 2008. ''Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach'', Third Edition ...
*:::: order 3. Illiciales *::::: family 1.
Illiciaceae Illiciaceae A.C.Sm. was a family of flowering plants recognized in a number of systems of plant taxonomy. The Illiciaceae is not recognized as a distinct family by the APG III system of plant taxonomy, the most well accepted system in use today ...
*::::: family 2.
Schisandraceae Schisandraceae is a family of flowering plants with 3 known genera and a total of 92 known species. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists, at least for the past several decades. Before that, the plants concerned were assigned to f ...
*:::: order 4.
Magnoliales The Magnoliales are an order of flowering plants. Classification The Magnoliales include six families: * Annonaceae (custard apple family, over 2000 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas; mostly tropical but some temperate) * Degeneriaceae (two ...
*::::: family 1.
Degeneriaceae ''Degeneria'' is a genus of flowering plants endemic to Fiji. It is the only genus in the family Degeneriaceae. The APG IV system of 2016 (unchanged from the APG system of 1998, the APG II system of 2003 and the APG III system of 2009), recogniz ...
*::::: family 2.
Himantandraceae Himantandraceae is a family of flowering plants recognized by the APG II system of 2003, assigned to the order Magnoliales in the clade magnoliids. The family consists of only one genus, ''Galbulimima'', of probably two species, trees and shrubs, ...
*::::: family 3.
Magnoliaceae The Magnoliaceae () are a flowering plant family, the magnolia family, in the order Magnoliales. It consists of two genera: ''Magnolia'' and '' Liriodendron'' (tulip trees). Unlike most angiosperms, whose flower parts are in whorls (rings), t ...
*:::: order 5. Eupomatiales *::::: family 1.
Eupomatiaceae ''Eupomatia'' is a genus of three flowering shrub species of the Australian continent, constituting the only genus in the ancient family Eupomatiaceae. The Eupomatiaceae have been recognised by most taxonomists and classified in the plant order ...
*:::: order 6. Annonales *::::: family 1.
Annonaceae The Annonaceae are a family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas commonly known as the custard apple family or soursop family. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest family in the Ma ...
*:::: order 7. Myristicales *::::: family 1.
Myristicaceae The Myristicaceae are a family of flowering plants native to Africa, Asia, Pacific islands, and the Americas and has been recognized by most taxonomists. It is sometimes called the "nutmeg family", after its most famous member, '' Myristica fra ...
*:::: order 8.
Austrobaileyales Austrobaileyales is an order of flowering plants consisting of about 100 species of woody plants growing as trees, shrubs and lianas. The best-known species is ''Illicium verum'', commonly known as star anise. The order belongs to the group of ...
*::::: family 1.
Austrobaileyaceae ''Austrobaileya'' is the sole genus consisting of a single species that constitutes the entire flowering plant family Austrobaileyaceae. The species ''Austrobaileya scandens'' grows naturally only in the Wet Tropics rainforests of northe ...
*::: superorder 2. Lauranae *:::: order 1.
Laurales The Laurales are an order of flowering plants. They are magnoliids, related to the Magnoliales. The order includes about 2500-2800 species from 85-90 genera, which comprise seven families of trees and shrubs. Most of the species are tropical ...
*::::: family 1. Amborellaceae *::::: family 2.
Trimeniaceae Trimeniaceae is a family of flowering plants recognized by most taxonomists, at least for the past several decades. It is a small family of one genus, '' Trimenia'', with eight known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016) of woody plants, bearing ess ...
*::::: family 3.
Monimiaceae The Monimiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the magnoliid order Laurales.Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Monimiaceae" At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Botanical Databases At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links' ...
*::::: family 4. Gomortegaceae *::::: family 5. Hernandiaceae *::::: family 6.
Lauraceae Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ). They are dicotyledons, and occur m ...
*:::: order 2. Calycanthales *::::: family 1. Calycanthaceae *::::: family 2. Idiospermaceae *:::: order 3.
Chloranthales Chloranthaceae is a family of flowering plants (angiosperms), the only family in the order Chloranthales. It is not closely related to any other family of flowering plants, and is among the early-diverging lineages in the angiosperms. They ar ...
*::::: family 1. Chloranthaceae *: class 2. Piperopsida *:: subclass 1. Piperidae *::: superorder 1. Piperanae *:::: order 1.
Piperales Piperales is an order of flowering plants (4,170 recognized species). It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but other taxa have been included or disincluded variously over time. Well-known plants which may be included in this order inclu ...
*::::: family 1. Saururaceae *::::: family 2.
Piperaceae The Piperaceae (), also known as the pepper family, are a large family of flowering plants. The group contains roughly 3,600 currently accepted species in 5 genera. The vast majority of species can be found within the two main genera: '' Piper' ...
*::: superorder 2. Lactoridanae *:::: order 1. Lactoridales *::::: family 1.
Lactoridaceae ''Lactoris fernandeziana'' is a flowering shrub endemic to the cloud forest of ''Masatierra'' — Robinson Crusoe Island, of the Juan Fernández Islands archipelago of Chile. It is the only extant species in the genus ''Lactoris''. Taxonomy Th ...
*:::: order 2.
Aristolochiales Aristolochiales is an order of flowering plants. It is not recognised in the APG or APG II systems, in which it is considered a synonym of Piperales. It also is not recognized in the Thorne system. In the Cronquist, Dahlgren, Goldberg and ...
*::::: family 1.
Aristolochiaceae The Aristolochiaceae () are a family, the birthwort family, of flowering plants with seven genera and about 400 known species belonging to the order Piperales. The type genus is ''Aristolochia'' L. Description They are mostly perennial, he ...
*::: superorder 3. Rafflesianae *:::: order 1. Hydnorales *::::: family 1. Hydnoraceae *:::: order 2.
Rafflesiales Rafflesiales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. The name was first published by Oliver in 1895. The Cronquist system used this name for an order placed in subclass Rosidae with the following circumscription (1981) : * order Ra ...
*::::: family 1. Apodanthaceae *::::: family 2. Mitrastemonaceae *::::: family 3.
Rafflesiaceae The Rafflesiaceae are a family of rare parasitic plants comprising 36 species in 3 genera found in the tropical forests of east and southeast Asia, including ''Rafflesia arnoldii'', which has the largest flowers of all plants. The plants are en ...
*::::: family 4. Cytinaceae *::: superorder 4. Balanophoranae *:::: order 1. Cynomoriales *::::: family 1. Cynomoriaceae *:::: order 2.
Balanophorales The Santalales are an order of flowering plants with a cosmopolitan distribution, but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions. It derives its name from its type genus ''Santalum'' (sandalwood). Mistletoe is the common name for ...
*::::: family 1. Mystropetalaceae *::::: family 2. Dactylanthaceae *::::: family 3. Lophophytaceae *::::: family 4. Sarcophytaceae *::::: family 5. Scybaliaceae *::::: family 6. Heloseaceae *::::: family 7. Langsdorffiaceae *::::: family 8.
Balanophoraceae The Balanophoraceae are a subtropical to tropical family of obligate parasitic flowering plants, notable for their unusual development and formerly obscure affinities. In the broadest circumscription, the family consists of 16 genera. Alternati ...
*:: subclass 2. Nymphaeidae *::: superorder 1. Nymphaeanae *:::: order 1. Nymphaeales *::::: family 1.
Nymphaeaceae Nymphaeaceae () is a family of flowering plants, commonly called water lilies. They live as rhizomatous aquatic herbs in temperate and tropical climates around the world. The family contains nine genera with about 70 known species. Water ...
*::::: family 2.
Barclayaceae ''Barclaya'' is a genus of 3 - 4 species of flowering plants of the family Nymphaeaceae. ''Barclaya'' are aquatic plants native to tropical Asia. The genus was named in honour of the American-born English brewer and patron of science Robert Barcl ...
*:: subclass 3. Nelumbonidae *::: superorder 1. Nelumbonanae *:::: order 1.
Nelumbonales ''Nelumbo'' is a genus of aquatic plants with large, showy flowers. Members are commonly called lotus, though the name is also applied to various other plants and plant groups, including the unrelated genus '' Lotus''. Members outwardly resemb ...
*::::: family 1. Nelumbonaceae *:::: order 2. Hydropeltidales *::::: family 1. Hydropeltidaceae *::::: family 2. Cabombaceae *::: superorder 2. Ceratophyllanae *:::: order 1. Ceratophyllales *::::: family 1. Ceratophyllaceae *: class 3.
Liliopsida Liliopsida Batsch (synonym: Liliatae) is a botanical name for the class containing the family Liliaceae (or Lily Family). It is considered synonymous (or nearly synonymous) with the name monocotyledon. Publication of the name is credited to Scopol ...
*:: subclass 1.
Alismatidae {{Short description, Subclass of flowering plants Alismatidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used (there are many such systems); the only requirement being th ...
*::: superorder 1. Butomanae *:::: order 1. Butomales *::::: family 1. Butomaceae *::: superorder 2. Alismatanae *:::: order 1.
Alismatales The Alismatales (alismatids) are an order of flowering plants including about 4,500 species. Plants assigned to this order are mostly tropical or aquatic. Some grow in fresh water, some in marine habitats. Description The Alismatales compr ...
*::::: family 1. Limnocharitaceae *::::: family 2.
Alismataceae The water-plantains (Alismataceae) are a family of flowering plants, comprising 19 genera (17 extant and 2 fossil) and 117 species. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, with the greatest number of species in temperate regions of the Northe ...
*:::: order 2. Hydrocharitales *::::: family 1.
Hydrocharitaceae Hydrocharitaceae is a flowering plant family including 16 known genera with a total of ca 135 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016), that including a number of species of aquatic plant, for instance the tape-grasses, the well known Canadian ...
*:::: order 3. Aponogetonales *::::: family 1. Aponogetonaceae *:::: order 4.
Najadales Najadales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. A well-known system that used this name is the Cronquist system (1981), which used this name for an order in subclass Alismatidae with this circumscription: * order Najadales ** fa ...
*::::: family 1. Najadaceae *:::: order 5. Juncaginales *::::: family 1. Scheuchzeriaceae *::::: family 2.
Juncaginaceae Juncaginaceae is a family of flowering plants, recognized by most taxonomists for the past few decades. It is also known as the ''arrowgrass'' family. It includes 3 genera with a total of 34 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ). The APG II ...
*:::: order 6. Potamogetonales *::::: family 1.
Potamogetonaceae The Potamogetonaceae, commonly referred to as the pondweed family, is an aquatic family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The roughly 110 known species are divided over six genera. The largest genus in the family by far is ''Potamogeton'', w ...
*::::: family 2. Ruppiaceae *::::: family 3.
Zannichelliaceae The Potamogetonaceae, commonly referred to as the pondweed family, is an aquatic family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The roughly 110 known species are divided over six genera. The largest genus in the family by far is '' Potamogeton'', ...
*::::: family 4. Zosteraceae *::::: family 5.
Posidoniaceae ''Posidonia'' is a genus of flowering plants. It contains nine species of marine plants ("seagrass"), found in the seas of the Mediterranean and around the south coast of Australia. The APG system (1998) and APG II system (2003) accept this gen ...
*::::: family 6.
Cymodoceaceae Cymodoceaceae is a family of flowering plants, sometimes known as the "manatee-grass family", which includes only marine species. The 2016 APG IV does recognize Cymodoceaceae and places it in the order Alismatales, in the clade monocots. The fam ...
*:: subclass 2. Triurididae *::: superorder 1. Triuridanae *:::: order 1.
Triuridales Triuridales was an order of flower plants that was used in the Cronquist system, in the subclass Alismatidae, with this circumscription: * order Triuridales *: family Petrosaviaceae *: family Triuridaceae In the classification system of Dahl ...
*::::: family 1. Triuridaceae *:: subclass 3. Aridae *::: superorder 1. Acoranae *:::: order 1.
Acorales ''Acorus'' is a genus of monocot flowering plants. This genus was once placed within the family Araceae (aroids), but more recent classifications place it in its own family Acoraceae and order Acorales, of which it is the sole genus of the old ...
*::::: family 1.
Acoraceae ''Acorus'' is a genus of monocot flowering plants. This genus was once placed within the family Araceae (aroids), but more recent classifications place it in its own family Acoraceae and order Acorales, of which it is the sole genus of the oldes ...
*::: superorder 2.
Aranae ''Arales'' is an order of flowering plants. The name was used in the Cronquist system for an order placed in subclass ''Arecidae'', circumscribed as (1981): * order ''Arales'' *: family ''Acoraceae'' *: family ''Araceae'' *: family '' Lemnaceae' ...
*:::: order 1.
Arales ''Arales'' is an order of flowering plants. The name was used in the Cronquist system for an order placed in subclass ''Arecidae'', circumscribed as (1981): * order ''Arales'' *: family '' Acoraceae'' *: family ''Araceae'' *: family ''Lemnaceae' ...
*::::: family 1.
Araceae The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). A ...
*::: superorder 3. Cyclanthanae *:::: order 1.
Cyclanthales Cyclanthaceae is a family of flowering plants. Taxonomy Earlier systems, such as the Cronquist system and the Takhtajan system, placed it as the sole family in the order Cyclanthales. In the classification system of Dahlgren the Cyclanthaceae w ...
*::::: family 1.
Cyclanthaceae Cyclanthaceae is a family of flowering plants. Taxonomy Earlier systems, such as the Cronquist system and the Takhtajan system, placed it as the sole family in the order Cyclanthales. In the classification system of Dahlgren the Cyclanthaceae w ...
*::: superorder 4.
Pandananae Pandanales, the pandans or screw-pines, is an order of flowering plants placed in the monocot clade in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web systems. Within the monocots Pandanales are grouped in the lilioid monocots wher ...
*:::: order 1.
Pandanales Pandanales, the pandans or screw-pines, is an order of flowering plants placed in the monocot clade in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web systems. Within the monocots Pandanales are grouped in the lilioid monocots where ...
*::::: family 1.
Pandanaceae Pandanaceae is a family of flowering plants native to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World, from West Africa through the Pacific. It contains 982 known species in five genera, of which the type genus, ''Pandanus'', is the most important ...
*:: subclass 4.
Liliidae Liliidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used (there are many such systems); the only requirement being that it includes the family Liliaceae. Liliidae in Ta ...
*:::: order 1.
Lilianae Lilianae (also known as Liliiflorae) is a botanical name for a superorder (that is, a rank higher than that of order) of flowering plants. Such a superorder of necessity includes the type family Liliaceae (and usually the type order Liliales). Te ...
*:::: order 1. Tofieldiales *::::: family 1.
Tofieldiaceae Tofieldiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the monocot order Alismatales.Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada. (2007). . The fam ...
*:::: order 2.
Dioscoreales The Dioscoreales are an order of monocotyledonous flowering plants in modern classification systems, such as the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Web. Within the monocots Dioscoreales are grouped in the lilioid monocots w ...
*::::: family 1. Trichopodaceae *::::: family 2. Stenomeridaceae *::::: family 3. Avetraceae *::::: family 4. Dioscoreaceae *::::: family 5.
Stemonaceae The Stemonaceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Pandanales. The family consists of four genera with ca 37 known species distributed in areas with seasonal climate across Southeast Asia and tropical Australia ...
*::::: family 6. Croomiaceae *::::: family 7. Pentastemonaceae *::::: family 8. Taccaceae *:::: order 3.
Smilacales Smilacaceae, the greenbriers, is a family of flowering plants. While they were often assigned to a more broadly defined family Liliaceae, most recent botanists have accepted the two as distinct families, diverging around 55 million years ago dur ...
*::::: family 1.
Ripogonaceae ''Ripogonum'' (sometimes ''Rhipogonum'') is a genus of flowering plants confined to eastern Australia, New Zealand, and New Guinea. Until recently this genus was included in the family Smilacaceae, and earlier in the family Liliaceae, but it ha ...
*::::: family 2. Smilacaceae *::::: family 3. Petermanniaceae *:::: order 4. Nartheciales *::::: family 1. Nartheciaceae *:::: order 5.
Petrosaviales Petrosaviaceae is a family of flowering plants belonging to a monotypic order, Petrosaviales. Petrosaviales are monocots, and are grouped within the lilioid monocots. Petrosaviales are a very small order (one family, two genera and four species ...
*::::: family 1. Petrosaviaceae *:::: order 6. Melanthiales *::::: family 1. Chionographidaceae *::::: family 2. Heloniadaceae *::::: family 3. Xerophyllaceae *::::: family 4.
Melanthiaceae Melanthiaceae, also called the bunchflower family, is a family of flowering herbaceous perennial plants native to the Northern Hemisphere. Along with many other lilioid monocots, early authors considered members of this family to belong to t ...
*::::: family 5. Japonoliriaceae *::::: family 6. Campynemataceae *:::: order 7. Trilliales *::::: family 1.
Trilliaceae Trilliaceae was a family of flowering plants. The family has been recognised as distinct since 1846 when it was recognized; this tablfor a summarizes the placement of these taxa. The family has been recognized by taxonomists such as Takhtajan, ...
*:::: order 8. Alstroemeriales *::::: family 1.
Alstroemeriaceae Alstroemeriaceae is a family of flowering plants, with 254 known species in four genera (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ), almost entirely native to the Americas, from Central America to southern South America. One species of '' Luzuriaga'' occurs in ...
*:::: order 9. Colchicales *::::: family 1. Burchardiaceae *::::: family 2.
Colchicaceae Colchicaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes 15 genera with a total of about 285 known species according to Christenhusz and Byng in 2016. Description The family is characterized by the presence of colchicine. Taxonomy The APG III ...
*::::: family 3. Tricyrtidaceae *::::: family 4. Uvulariaceae *::::: family 5. Scoliopaceae *::::: family 6.
Calochortaceae The Calochortoideae are a subfamily of monocotyledon perennial, herbaceous and mainly bulbous flowering plants in the lily family, Liliaceae. Approximately the same group of species has been recognized as a separate family, Calochortaceae, in a f ...
*:::: order 10.
Liliales Liliales is an order of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web system, within the lilioid monocots. This order of necessity includes the family Liliaceae. The APG III system (2009) places ...
*::::: family 1.
Liliaceae The lily family, Liliaceae, consists of about 15 genera and 610 species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. Plants in this family have evolved with a fair ...
*::::: family 2. Medeolaceae *:::: order 11. Hypoxidales *::::: family 1. Hypoxidaceae *:::: order 12. Orchidales *::::: family 1.
Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowerin ...
*:::: order 13. Tecophilaeales *::::: family 1.
Lanariaceae ''Lanaria'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants containing a single species, ''Lanaria lanata'', endemic to the southern coast of South Africa where it is associated with the fynbos belt. ''Lanaria lanata'' is commonly known as Cape edel ...
*::::: family 2. Ixioliriaceae *::::: family 3. Walleriaceae *::::: family 4. Tecophilaeaceae *::::: family 5.
Cyanastraceae Tecophilaeaceae is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. It consists of nine genera with a total of 27 species. The family has only recently been recognized by taxonomists. The APG IV system of 2016 (unc ...
*::::: family 6. Eriospermaceae *:::: order 14.
Iridales Asparagales (asparagoid lilies) is an order of plants in modern classification systems such as the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Web. The order takes its name from the type family Asparagaceae and is placed in t ...
*::::: family 1.
Iridaceae Iridaceae is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises, meaning rainbow, referring to its many colours. There are 66 accepted genera with a total of c. 2244 species worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016). It inclu ...
*:::: order 15.
Burmanniales Burmanniales Mart. (Burmanniales Blume, Burmanniales Heintze) was an order of monocotyledons, subsequently discontinued. Description Small perennial or annual mycorrhizal herbs that are achlorophyllous (lacking chlorophyll) and mycotroph ...
*::::: family 1. Burmanniaceae *::::: family 2. Corsiaceae *:::: order 16. Amaryllidales *::::: family 1.
Hyacinthaceae Scilloideae (named after the genus ''Scilla'', "squill") is a subfamily of bulbous plants within the family ''Asparagaceae''. Scilloideae is sometimes treated as a separate family Hyacinthaceae, named after the genus ''Hyacinthus''. Scilloideae or ...
*::::: family 2. Themidaceae *::::: family 3.
Alliaceae Allioideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, order Asparagales. It was formerly treated as a separate family, Alliaceae. The subfamily name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, '' Allium'' ...
*::::: family 4. Hesperocallidaceae *::::: family 5.
Amaryllidaceae The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous (rarely rhizomatous) flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus '' Amaryllis'' and is commonly known as the amaryllis f ...
*:::: order 17.
Asparagales Asparagales (asparagoid lilies) is an order of plants in modern classification systems such as the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Web. The order takes its name from the type family Asparagaceae and is placed in t ...
*::::: family 2. Convallariaceae *::::: family 3. Ophiopogonaceae *::::: family 4.
Asparagaceae Asparagaceae, known as the asparagus family, is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family name is based on the edible garden asparagus, '' Asparagus officinalis''. Those who live in the temperate ...
*:::: order 18. Asteliales *::::: family 1. Dracaenaceae *::::: family 2.
Ruscaceae Nolinoideae is a monocot subfamily of the family Asparagaceae in the APG III system of 2009. It used to be treated as a separate family, Ruscaceae s.l. The family name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, '' Nolina''. The subfa ...
*::::: family 3. Nolinaceae *::::: family 4.
Asteliaceae Asteliaceae is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family has only recently been recognized by taxonomists. The APG III system of 2009 (unchanged from the 1998 and 2003 versions) does recognize th ...
*::::: family 6. Geitonoplesiaceae *::::: family 7.
Luzuriagaceae Luzuriagaceae is a family of flowering plants that was recognized in the 1998 APG system and the 2003 APG II system. The 2009 APG III system merged this small family into the Alstroemeriaceae in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots Monoc ...
*::::: family 8.
Philesiaceae Philesiaceae is a family of flowering plants, including two genera, each with a single species. The members of the family are woody shrubs or vines endemic to southern Chile. The APG III system, of 2009 (unchanged from the APG II system of 2003 ...
*:::: order 19. Hanguanales *::::: family 1. Hanguanaceae *:::: order 20. Agavales *::::: family 1.
Dasypogonaceae Dasypogonaceae is a family of flowering plants, one that has not been commonly recognized by taxonomists; the plants it contains were usually included in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae. If valid, Dasypogonaceae includes four genera with 16 species ...
*::::: family 2.
Calectasiaceae Dasypogonaceae is a family of flowering plants, one that has not been commonly recognized by taxonomists; the plants it contains were usually included in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae. If valid, Dasypogonaceae includes four genera with 16 species ...
*::::: family 3.
Hemerocallidaceae Hemerocallidoideae is the a subfamily of flowering plants, part of the family Asphodelaceae ''sensu lato'' in the monocot order Asparagales according to the APG system of 2016. Earlier classification systems treated the group as a separate fami ...
*::::: family 4.
Blandfordiaceae ''Blandfordia'', commonly known as Christmas bells, is a genus of four species of flowering plants native to eastern Australia. Christmas bells are tufted, perennial herbs with narrow, linear leaves and up to twenty large, drooping, cylindrica ...
*::::: family 5.
Xanthorrhoeaceae ''Xanthorrhoea'' () is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants endemic to Australia. Species are known by the name grass tree. Description All are perennials and have a secondary thickening meristem in the stem. Many, but not all, s ...
*::::: family 6.
Agavaceae Agavoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales. It has previously been treated as a separate family, Agavaceae. The group includes many well-known desert and dry-zone types, such as the agav ...
*::::: family 7.
Anthericaceae Agavoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales. It has previously been treated as a separate family, Agavaceae. The group includes many well-known desert and dry-zone types, such as the agav ...
*::::: family 8. Laxmanniaceae *::::: family 9. Herreriaceae *::::: family 10. Phormiaceae *::::: family 11.
Johnsoniaceae Hemerocallidoideae is the a subfamily of flowering plants, part of the family Asphodelaceae '' sensu lato'' in the monocot order Asparagales according to the APG system of 2016. Earlier classification systems treated the group as a separate f ...
*::::: family 12. Doryanthaceae *::::: family 13. Asphodelaceae *::::: family 14.
Aloaceae Asphodeloideae is a subfamily of the monocot family Asphodelaceae in the order Asparagales. It has previously been treated as a separate family, Asphodelaceae ''sensu stricto''. The family Asphodelaceae has now been proposed to be a nomen conse ...
*::::: family 15. Aphyllanthaceae *::::: family 16. Hostaceae *:: subclass 5.
Arecidae Arecidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used (there are many such systems); the only requirement being that it includes the family Arecaceae. Arecidae in t ...
*::: superorder 1.
Arecanae Arecales is an order of flowering plants. The order has been widely recognised only for the past few decades; until then, the accepted name for the order including these plants was Principes. Taxonomy The APG IV system of 2016 places Dasypogonac ...
*:::: order 1.
Arecales Arecales is an order of flowering plants. The order has been widely recognised only for the past few decades; until then, the accepted name for the order including these plants was Principes. Taxonomy The APG IV system of 2016 places Dasypogon ...
*::::: family 1.
Arecaceae The Arecaceae is a family of perennial flowering plants in the monocot order Arecales. Their growth form can be climbers, shrubs, tree-like and stemless plants, all commonly known as palms. Those having a tree-like form are called palm trees ...
*:: subclass 6.
Commelinidae In plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids) (plural, not capitalised) is a clade of flowering plants within the monocots, distinguished by having cell walls containing ferulic acid. The commelinids are the only clade that the APG IV ...
*::: superorder 1.
Bromelianae Bromeliales is an order of flowering plants. Such an order has been recognized by a few systems of plant taxonomy, with a various placement. It appears that it always has had the same circumscription: consisting only of the family Bromeliacea ...
*:::: order 1. Bromeliales *::::: family 1.
Bromeliaceae The Bromeliaceae (the bromeliads) are a family of monocot flowering plants of about 80 genera and 3700 known species, native mainly to the tropical Americas, with several species found in the American subtropics and one in tropical west Africa, ...
*:::: order 2. Velloziales *::::: family 1. Velloziaceae *::: superorder 2. Pontederianae *:::: order 1.
Haemodorales Commelinales is an order of flowering plants. It comprises five families: Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hanguanaceae, Philydraceae, and Pontederiaceae. All the families combined contain over 885 species in about 70 genera; the majority of spec ...
*::::: family 1.
Haemodoraceae Haemodoraceae is a family of perennial herbaceous flowering plants with 14 genera and 102 known species. It is sometimes known as the "bloodwort family". Primarily a Southern Hemisphere family, they are found in South Africa, Australia and N ...
*:::: order 2. Philydrales *::::: family 1. Philydraceae *:::: order 3. Pontederiales *::::: family 1. Pontederiaceae *::: superorder 3.
Commelinanae Commelinales is an order of flowering plants. It comprises five families: Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hanguanaceae, Philydraceae, and Pontederiaceae. All the families combined contain over 885 species in about 70 genera; the majority of sp ...
*:::: order 1. Xyridales *::::: family 1.
Rapateaceae The Rapateaceae are a family of flowering plants. The botanical name has been recognized by most taxonomists. The APG II system of 2003 also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids, in the monocots. T ...
*::::: family 2.
Xyridaceae The Xyridaceae are a family of flowering plants. This family has been recognized by many taxonomists and is known as the yellow-eyed grass family. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system of 1998), also recognizes this family, ...
*::::: family 3. Mayacaceae *:::: order 2.
Commelinales Commelinales is an order of flowering plants. It comprises five families: Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hanguanaceae, Philydraceae, and Pontederiaceae. All the families combined contain over 885 species in about 70 genera; the majority of sp ...
*::::: family 1.
Commelinaceae Commelinaceae is a family of flowering plants. In less formal contexts, the group is referred to as the dayflower family or spiderwort family. It is one of five families in the order Commelinales and by far the largest of these with about 731 kno ...
*:::: order 3.
Eriocaulales The Poales are a large order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons, and includes families of plants such as the grasses, bromeliads, and sedges. Sixteen plant families are currently recognized by botanists to be part of Poales. Descripti ...
*::::: family 1.
Eriocaulaceae The Eriocaulaceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the order Poales, commonly known as the pipewort family. The family is large, with about 1207 known species described in seven genera. They are widely distributed, with the ce ...
*::: superorder 4. Hydatellanae *:::: order 1. Hydatellales *::::: family 1.
Hydatellaceae Hydatellaceae are a family of small, aquatic flowering plants. The family consists of tiny, relatively simple plants occurring in Australasia and India. It was formerly considered to be related to the grasses and sedges (order Poales), but has b ...
*::: superorder 5. Typhanae *:::: order 1.
Typhales ''Typhales'' is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. In the Cronquist system the name was used for an order placed in the subclass ''Commelinidae''. The order consisted of (1981): * order ''Typhales'' *: family ''Sparganiaceae'' *: ...
*::::: family 1.
Typhaceae The Typhaceae () are a family of flowering plants, sometimes called the cattail family. The botanical name for the family has been recognized by most taxonomists. Description Members can be recognized as large marsh herbs with alternate two-rank ...
*::::: family 2.
Sparganiaceae Sparganiaceae is a family of flowering plants. Such a family was previously recognized by most taxonomists. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998), also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the c ...
*::: superorder 6. Juncanae *:::: order 1. Juncales *::::: family 1.
Juncaceae Juncaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the rush family. It consists of 8 genera and about 464 known species of slow-growing, rhizomatous, herbaceous monocotyledonous plants that may superficially resemble grasses and s ...
*::::: family 2. Thurniaceae *:::: order 2.
Cyperales The Poales are a large order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons, and includes families of plants such as the grasses, bromeliads, and sedges. Sixteen plant families are currently recognized by botanists to be part of Poales. Descript ...
*::::: family 1.
Cyperaceae The Cyperaceae are a family of graminoid (grass-like), monocotyledonous flowering plants known as sedges. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera, the largest being the "true sedges" genus '' Carex'' ...
*:::: order 3. Flagellariales *:::: order 4.
Restionales {{Unreferenced, date=December 2009 ''Restionales'' is an order of flowering plants. In the Cronquist system (of 1981) it is used for an order (in subclass ''Commelinidae'') and circumscribed as: * order ''Restionales'' *: family '' Flagellariacea ...
*::::: family 1.
Flagellariaceae ''Flagellaria'' is the sole genus in the flowering plant family Flagellariaceae with only five species.Wepfer, P. H., & Linder, H. P. (2014). The taxonomy of Flagellaria (Flagellariaceae). Australian Systematic Botany, 27(3), 159-179. https://dx. ...
*::::: family 2.
Joinvilleaceae The Joinvilleaceae are a family of flowering plants with a single genus including four species. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998) assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids in the monocots. The family ...
*::::: family 3.
Restionaceae The Restionaceae, also called restiads and restios, are a family of flowering plants native to the Southern Hemisphere; they vary from a few centimeters to 3 meters in height. Following the APG IV (2016): the family now includes the former famil ...
*::::: family 4. Anarthriaceae *::::: family 5. Ecdeiocoleaceae *::::: family 6. Centrolepidaceae *:::: order 5.
Poales The Poales are a large order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons, and includes families of plants such as the grasses, bromeliads, and sedges. Sixteen plant families are currently recognized by botanists to be part of Poales. Descriptio ...
*::::: family 1.
Poaceae Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns an ...
*:: subclass 7.
Zingiberidae Zingiberidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used (there are many such systems); the only requirement being that it includes the family Zingiberaceae. Cron ...
*::: superorder 1. Zingiberanae *:::: order 1.
Zingiberales The Zingiberales are flowering plants forming one of four orders in the commelinids clade of monocots, together with its sister order, Commelinales. The order includes 68 genera and 2,600 species. Zingiberales are a unique though morphologi ...
*::::: family 1.
Strelitziaceae The Strelitziaceae comprise a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, very similar in appearance and growth habit to members of the related families Heliconiaceae and Musaceae (banana family). The three genera with seven species of Strelitz ...
*::::: family 2.
Heliconiaceae ''Heliconia'', derived from the Greek word (), is a genus of flowering plants in the monotypic family Heliconiaceae. Most of the ca 194 known species are native to the tropical Americas, but a few are indigenous to certain islands of the ...
*::::: family 3.
Musaceae Musaceae is a family of flowering plants composed of three genera with about 91 known species, placed in the order Zingiberales. The family is native to the tropics of Africa and Asia. The plants have a large herbaceous growth habit with leaves ...
*::::: family 4. Lowiaceae *::::: family 5.
Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae () or the ginger family is a family of flowering plants made up of about 50 genera with a total of about 1600 known species of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes distributed throughout tropical Af ...
*::::: family 6.
Costaceae Costaceae, known as the ''Costus'' family or spiral gingers, is a family of pantropical monocots. It belongs to the order Zingiberales, which contains horticulturally and economically important plants such as the banana (Musaceae), bird-of-par ...
*::::: family 7. Cannaceae *::::: family 8.
Marantaceae The Marantaceae are a family, the arrowroot family, of flowering plants consisting of 31 genera and around 530 species, defining it as one of the most species-rich families in its order.Kennedy, H. (2000). “Diversification in pollination mech ...
*: class 4. Ranunculopsida *:: subclass 1. Ranunculidae *::: superorder 1. Ranunculanae *:::: order 1. Lardizabalales *::::: family 1.
Lardizabalaceae Lardizabalaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family has been universally recognized by taxonomists, including the APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of 1998), which places it in the order Ranunculales, in the clade eudic ...
*::::: family 2. Sargentodoxaceae *::::: family 3. Decaisneaceae *:::: order 2. Menispermales *::::: family 1.
Menispermaceae Menispermaceae (botanical Latin: 'moonseed family' from Greek ''mene'' 'crescent moon' and ''sperma'' 'seed') is a family of flowering plants. The alkaloid tubocurarine, a neuromuscular blocker and the active ingredient in the 'tube curare' form ...
*:::: order 3. Berberidales *::::: family 1. Nandinaceae *::::: family 2.
Berberidaceae The Berberidaceae are a family of 18 genera of flowering plants commonly called the barberry family. This family is in the order Ranunculales. The family contains about 700 known species, of which the majority are in ''Berberis''. The species ...
*::::: family 3. Ranzaniaceae *::::: family 4. Podophyllaceae *::::: family 5. Leonticaceae *:::: order 4.
Ranunculales Ranunculales is an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family, because the name of the order is based on the name of a genus in that family. Ranunculales belongs to a paraphyletic group kno ...
*::::: family 1. Hydrastidaceae *::::: family 2.
Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae (buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin "little frog", from "frog") is a family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide. The largest genera are ''Ranunculus'' (600 species), ''Delphinium' ...
*:::: order 5. Circaeasterales *::::: family 1. Kingdoniaceae *::::: family 2. Circaeasteraceae *:::: order 6. Glaucidiales *::::: family 1. Glaucidiaceae *:::: order 7. Paeoniales *::::: family 1.
Paeoniaceae The peony or paeony is a flowering plant in the genus ''Paeonia'' , the only genus in the family Paeoniaceae . Peonies are native to Asia, Europe and Western North America. Scientists differ on the number of species that can be distinguished, ...
*:::: order 8.
Papaverales Ranunculales is an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family, because the name of the order is based on the name of a genus in that family. Ranunculales belongs to a paraphyletic group kn ...
*::::: family 1.
Pteridophyllaceae ''Pteridophyllum'' is a genus of flowering plant endemic to Japan. Its only species is ''Pteridophyllum racemosum''. The genus was formerly placed in the mono-generic family Pteridophyllaceae, which is now included within the Papaveraceae Th ...
*::::: family 2. Papaveraceae *: class 5. Rosopsida *:: subclass 1.
Caryophyllidae Caryophyllidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. At the moment there is no complete consensus about what orders it includes, except that it presumably contains the order Caryophyllales. Note that this is only a naming difficulty: w ...
*::: superorder 1. Caryophyllanae *:::: order 1.
Caryophyllales Caryophyllales ( ) is a diverse and heterogeneous order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, beets, and many carnivorous plants. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves. The betalai ...
*::::: family 1. Achatocarpaceae *::::: family 2.
Portulacaceae The Portulacaceae are a family of flowering plants, comprising 115 species in a single genus '' Portulaca''. Formerly some 20 genera with about 500 species, were placed there, but it is now restricted to encompass only one genus, the other genera ...
*::::: family 3. Hectorellaceae *::::: family 4. Basellaceae *::::: family 5. Didiereaceae *::::: family 6.
Cactaceae A cactus (, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Gre ...
*::::: family 7.
Stegnospermataceae ''Stegnosperma'' is a genus of flowering plants, consisting of three species of woody plants, native to the Caribbean, Central America, and the Sonoran Desert. These are shrubs or lianas, with anomalous secondary thickening in mature stems, by su ...
*::::: family 8.
Phytolaccaceae Phytolaccaceae is a family of flowering plants. Though almost universally recognized by taxonomists, its circumscription has varied. It is also known as the Pokeweed family. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), ...
*::::: family 9.
Petiveriaceae Petiveriaceae is a family of flowering plants formerly included as subfamily Rivinoideae in Phytolaccaceae. The family comprises nine genera, with about 20 known species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classi ...
*::::: family 10.
Gisekiaceae ''Gisekia'' is a genus of flowering plants. It is the only genus in the family Gisekiaceae. The family was recognized in the APG II system (2003) and assigned to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots. This represents a change from t ...
*::::: family 11. Agdestidaceae *::::: family 12.
Barbeuiaceae ''Barbeuia madagascariensis'' is a liana found only on the island of Madagascar. ''Barbeuia'' has occasionally been placed in its own family, Barbeuiaceae. The APG II system of 2003, for instance, recognizes such a family and assigns it to the ...
*::::: family 13. Nyctaginaceae *::::: family 14. Sarcobataceae *::::: family 15.
Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1800 species. They are commonly known as ice plants or carpet weeds. They are often called vygies in South Africa and N ...
*::::: family 16. Sesuviaceae *::::: family 17. Tetragoniaceae *::::: family 18.
Halophytaceae ''Halophytum ameghinoi'' is a species of herbaceous plant endemic to Patagonia. It is the only species in the genus ''Halophytum''. It is a succulent annual plant, with simple, fleshy, alternate leaves. The plants are monoecious, with solit ...
*::::: family 19.
Molluginaceae The Molluginaceae are a family of flowering plants recognized by several taxonomists. It was previously included in the larger family Aizoaceae. The APG III system of 2009 made no change in the status of the family as compared to the APG II syst ...
*::::: family 20.
Chenopodiaceae Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus '' Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making i ...
*::::: family 21.
Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus ''Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making i ...
*::::: family 22.
Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactacea ...
*::: superorder 2. Polygonanae *:::: order 1.
Polygonales Polygonales was an order of flowering plants recognized by several older systems such as the Wettstein system, last revised in 1935, the Engler system, in its update of 1964, and the Cronquist system, 1981. Its circumscription was typically: * o ...
*::::: family 1.
Polygonaceae The Polygonaceae are a family of flowering plants known informally as the knotweed family or smartweed—buckwheat family in the United States. The name is based on the genus ''Polygonum'', and was first used by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in ...
*::: superorder 3. Plumbaginanae *:::: order 1.
Plumbaginales Plumbaginales is an order of flowering plants. The order is recognized by several systems, such as the Wettstein system, last revised in 1935, the Engler system, in its update of 1964 and the Cronquist system, 1981. Its circumscription is typical ...
*::::: family 1.
Plumbaginaceae Plumbaginaceae is a family of flowering plants, with a cosmopolitan distribution. The family is sometimes referred to as the leadwort family or the plumbago family. Most species in this family are perennial herbaceous plants, but a few grow ...
*:: subclass 2.
Hamamelididae Hamamelididae is an obsolete botanical name at the rank of subclass. Because some hamamelidid members bear aments (''i.e.'', catkins), this subclass has been formerly known as ''Amentiferae''. Based on molecular phylogeny works, Hamamelididae app ...
*::: superorder 1. Trochodendranae *:::: order 1.
Trochodendrales Trochodendraceae is the only family of flowering plants in the order Trochodendrales. It comprises two extant genera, each with a single species along with up to five additional extinct genera and a number of extinct species. The living spe ...
*::::: family 1. Trochodendraceae *::::: family 2. Tetracentraceae *:::: order 2. Eupteleales *::::: family 1. Eupteleaceae *:::: order 3. Cercidiphyllales *::::: family 1.
Cercidiphyllaceae ''Cercidiphyllum'' is a genus containing two species of plants, both commonly called katsura. They are the sole members of the monotypic family Cercidiphyllaceae. The genus is native to Japan and China and unrelated to ''Cercis'' (redbuds). D ...
*::: superorder 2. Myrothamnanae *:::: order 1. Myrothamnales *::::: family 1. Myrothamnaceae *::: superorder 3. Hamamelidanae *:::: order 1. Hamamelidales *::::: family 1.
Hamamelidaceae Hamamelidaceae, commonly referred to as the witch-hazel family, is a family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales. The clade consists of shrubs and small trees positioned within the woody clade of the core Saxifragales. An earlier sy ...
*::::: family 2.
Altingiaceae Altingiaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales, Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Altingiaceae". At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below) consisting of ...
*::::: family 3.
Platanaceae Platanaceae, the "plane-tree family", is a family of flowering plants in the order Proteales. The family consists of only a single extant genus ''Platanus'', with eight known species. The plants are tall trees, native to temperate and subtropic ...
*::: superorder 4. Casuarinanae *:::: order 1.
Casuarinales The Casuarinaceae are a family (biology), family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of four genera and 91 species of trees and shrubs native to eastern Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia, ...
*::::: family 1.
Casuarinaceae The Casuarinaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of four genera and 91 species of trees and shrubs native to eastern Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia, and the ...
*::: superorder 5. Daphniphyllanae *:::: order 1. Barbeyales *::::: family 1.
Barbeyaceae ''Barbeya'' is the only genus in the family Barbeyaceae, and has only one species, ''Barbeya oleoides''. It is a small tree native to the mountains of Somalia, Ethiopia, and the Arabian Peninsula. It can be found locally abundant in the transitio ...
*:::: order 2. Daphniphyllales *::::: family 1.
Daphniphyllaceae ''Daphniphyllum'' is the sole genus in the flowering plant family Daphniphyllaceae and was described as a genus in 1826. The genus includes evergreen shrubs and trees mainly native to east and southeast Asia, but also found in the Indian Subconti ...
*:::: order 3. Balanopales *::::: family 1. Balanopaceae *:::: order 4. Didymelales *::::: family 1. Didymelaceae *:::: order 5.
Buxales The Buxales are a small order of eudicot flowering plants, recognized by the APG IV system of 2016. The order includes the family Buxaceae; the families Didymelaceae and Haptanthaceae may also be recognized or may be included in the Buxaceae. Ma ...
*::::: family 1. Buxaceae *:::: order 6. Simmondsiales *::::: family 1. Simmondsiaceae *::: superorder 6. Juglandanae *:::: order 1.
Fagales The Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best-known trees. The order name is derived from genus ''Fagus'', beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons. The families and genera currently included are as ...
*::::: family 1. Nothofagaceae *::::: family 2.
Fagaceae The Fagaceae are a family of flowering plants that includes beeches, chestnuts and oaks, and comprises eight genera with about 927 species. Fagaceae in temperate regions are mostly deciduous, whereas in the tropics, many species occur as ever ...
*:::: order 2. Corylales *::::: family 1.
Betulaceae Betulaceae, the birch family, includes six genera of deciduous nut-bearing trees and shrubs, including the birches, alders, hazels, hornbeams, hazel-hornbeam, and hop-hornbeams numbering a total of 167 species. They are mostly natives of the ...
*::::: family 2. Corylaceae *::::: family 2. Stylocerataceae *::::: family 3. Ticodendraceae *:::: order 3.
Myricales The Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best-known trees. The order name is derived from genus ''Fagus'', beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons. The families and genera currently included are as ...
*::::: family 1.
Myricaceae The Myricaceae are a small family of dicotyledonous shrubs and small trees in the order Fagales. There are three genera in the family, although some botanists separate many species from ''Myrica'' into a fourth genus ''Morella''. About 55 speci ...
*:::: order 4. Rhoipteleales *::::: family 1.
Rhoipteleaceae ''Rhoiptelea'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Juglandaceae. It contains a single species, ''Rhoiptelea chiliantha'', commonly known as the horsetail tree. This genus was previously recognized in its own family, Rhoipteleac ...
*:::: order 5.
Juglandales Juglandales is an order of flowering plants. This order was recognised in several systems (e.g. Engler system and Wettstein system). The Cronquist system placed the order in the subclass Hamamelidae, as comprising the families Juglandaceae and ...
*::::: family 1.
Juglandaceae The Juglandaceae are a plant family known as the walnut family. They are trees, or sometimes shrubs, in the order Fagales. Members of this family are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Southeast Asia. The nine or ten genera in the family have ...
*:: subclass 3.
Dilleniidae Dillenidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used; the only requirement being that it includes the family Dilleniaceae. A well-known system that uses this name ...
*::: superorder 1. Dillenianae *:::: order 1. Dilleniales *::::: family 1.
Dilleniaceae Dilleniaceae is a family of flowering plants with 11 genera and about 430 known species. Such a family has been universally recognized by taxonomists. It is known to gardeners for the genus ''Hibbertia'', which contains many commercially valuabl ...
*::: superorder 2. Theanae *:::: order 1.
Paracryphiales The Paracryphiaceae are a family of woody shrubs and trees native to Australia, southeast Asia, and New Caledonia. In the APG III system of 2009, the family is placed in its own order, Paracryphiales, in the campanulid clade of the asterids. In ...
*::::: family 1. Paracryphiaceae *:::: order 2.
Theales Theales is a botanical name at the rank of order. Early classifications such as that of Dahlgren placed the Theales in the superorder Theiflorae (also called Theanae). The name was used by the Cronquist system for an order placed in subclass Dil ...
*::::: family 1.
Stachyuraceae ''Stachyurus'' is the only genus in the flowering plant family Stachyuraceae, native to the Himalayas and eastern Asia. They are deciduous shrubs or small trees with pendent racemes of 4-petalled flowers which appear on the bare branches before t ...
*::::: family 2.
Theaceae Theaceae (), the tea family, is a family of flowering plants comprising shrubs and trees, including the economically important tea plant, and the ornamental camellias. It can be described as having from seven to 40 genera, depending on the sour ...
*::::: family 3.
Asteropeiaceae :''"Asteropeia" may also refer to a figure in Greek mythology, see Antinoe'' ''Asteropeia'' is a genus of flowering plants. The genus contains 8 known species of shrubs and small trees, all endemic to Madagascar. It is the sole genus in fami ...
*::::: family 4. Pentaphylacaceae *::::: family 5.
Tetrameristaceae Tetrameristaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family consists of five species, of trees or shrubs, in three genera: * ''Pelliciera'' in Central and South America * ''Pentamerista'' in the Guyanas * ''Tetramerista'' in Southeast Asia The ...
*::::: family 6. Oncothecaceae *::::: family 7. Marcgraviaceae *::::: family 8.
Caryocaraceae Caryocaraceae (syn. Rhizobolaceae DC.) is a small family of flowering plants consisting of two genera with 26 species. The family is native to tropical regions of Central and South America, as well as the West Indies The West Indies i ...
*::::: family 9. Pellicieraceae *::::: family 10.
Clusiaceae The Clusiaceae or Guttiferae Juss. (1789) (''nom. alt. et cons.'' = alternative and valid name) are a family (biology), family of plants including 13 genera and ca 750 species. Several former members of Clusiacae are now placed in Calophyllaceae ...
*:::: order 3. Physenales *::::: family 1.
Physenaceae ''Physena'' is the sole genus of the flowering plant family Physenaceae. It contains two species of shrubs and small trees which are endemic to Madagascar. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), does recognize this ...
*:::: order 4. Ochnales *::::: family 1. Medusagynaceae *::::: family 2. Strasburgeriaceae *::::: family 3. Scytopetalaceae *::::: family 4.
Ochnaceae Ochnaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales.Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada. (2007). . In the APG III syst ...
*::::: family 5.
Quiinaceae Quiinaceae Engl. is a neotropical family of flowering plants in the Malpighiales, consisting of about 50 species in 4 genera ('' Froesia'', '' Lacunaria'', '' Quiina'', '' Touroulia''). The APG III system of flowering plant classification does no ...
*:::: order 5. Elatinales *::::: family 1.
Elatinaceae Elatinaceae is a family of flowering plants with ca 35 (to perhaps 50) species in two genera: ''Elatine'' and ''Bergia''. The ''Elatine'' are mostly aquatic herbs, and the ''Bergia'' are subshrubs to shrubs. ''Elatine'' species are widely distri ...
*:::: order 6. Ancistrocladales *::::: family 1. Ancistrocladaceae *:::: order 7. Dioncophyllales *::::: family 1. Dioncophyllaceae *::: superorder 3. Lecythidanae *:::: order 1.
Lecythidales Lecythidales is a botanical name at the rank of order. The name was used by the Cronquist system for an order placed in subclass Dilleniidae. This order included only the family Lecythidaceae, which family now (in the APG II system) is placed in ...
*::::: family 1. Lecythidaceae *::::: family 2. Asteranthaceae *::::: family 3. Napoleonaeaceae *::::: family 4.
Foetidiaceae ''Foetidia'' is a genus of flowering plants first described as a genus in 1788. Most authors place the genus in the family Lecythidaceae, the sole genus in the subfamily Foetidioideae, but some prefer to treat it as a distinct family, the Foetid ...
*::: superorder 4. Sarracenianae *:::: order 1. Sarraceniales *::::: family 1. Sarraceniaceae *::: superorder 5. Nepenthanae *:::: order 1.
Nepenthales Nepenthales (Nepenthales Bercht. & J.Presl) is an order of carnivorous flowering plants in the Cronquist system of plant classification. Cronquist system The order was placed in the subclass Dilleniidae, which in the 1981 version of this s ...
*::::: family 1. Nepenthaceae *:::: order 2. Droserales *::::: family 1.
Droseraceae Droseraceae is a family of carnivorous flowering plants, also known as the sundew family. It consists of approximately 180 species in three extant genera. Representatives of the Droseraceae are found on all continents except Antarctica. Desc ...
*::: superorder 6. Ericanae *:::: order 1. Actinidiales *::::: family 1. Actinidiaceae *:::: order 2. Ericales *::::: family 1. Cyrillaceae *::::: family 2.
Clethraceae The Clethraceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, composed of two genera, ''Clethra'' and '' Purdiaea'', with approximately 75 species. They are native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Asia and the Americas, w ...
*::::: family 3.
Ericaceae The Ericaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with c.4250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it th ...
*:::: order 3. Diapensiales *::::: family 1. Diapensiaceae *:::: order 4. Bruniales *::::: family 1. Bruniaceae *::::: family 2. Grubbiaceae *:::: order 5. Geissolomatales *::::: family 1. Geissolomataceae *:::: order 6. Fouquieriales *::::: family 1.
Fouquieriaceae ''Fouquieria'' is a genus of 11 species of desert plants, the sole genus in the family Fouquieriaceae. The genus includes the ocotillo ('' F. splendens'') and the Boojum tree or cirio ('' F. columnaris''). They have semisucculent stems with thin ...
*::: superorder 7. Primulanae *:::: order 1. Styracales *::::: family 1. Styracaceae *::::: family 2. Symplocaceae *::::: family 3.
Ebenaceae The Ebenaceae are a family of flowering plants belonging to order Ericales. The family includes ebony and persimmon among about 768 species of trees and shrubs. It is distributed across the tropical and warmer temperate regions of the world. I ...
*::::: family 4. Lissocarpaceae *::::: family 5.
Sapotaceae 240px, '' Madhuca longifolia'' var. ''latifolia'' in Narsapur, Medak district, India The Sapotaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants belonging to the order (biology), order Ericales. The family includes about 800 species of ev ...
*:::: order 2. Primulales *::::: family 1.
Theophrastaceae Theophrastoideae is a small subfamily of flowering plants in the family Primulaceae. It was formerly recognized as a separate family Theophrastaceae. As previously circumscribed, the family consisted of eight genera and 95 species of trees or shr ...
*::::: family 2.
Myrsinaceae Myrsinoideae is a subfamily of the family Primulaceae in the order Ericales. It was formerly recognized as the family Myrsinaceae, or the myrsine family, consisting of 35 genera and about 1000 species. It is widespread in temperate to tropical ...
*::::: family 3.
Primulaceae The Primulaceae , commonly known as the primrose family (but not related to the evening primrose family), are a family of herbaceous and woody flowering plants including some favourite garden plants and wildflowers. Most are perennial though som ...
*::: superorder 8. Violanae *:::: order 1. Violales *::::: family 1. Berberidopsidaceae *::::: family 2. Aphloiaceae *::::: family 3. Bembiciaceae *::::: family 4.
Flacourtiaceae The Flacourtiaceae is a defunct family of flowering plants whose former members have been scattered to various families, mostly to the Achariaceae and Salicaceae. It was so vaguely defined that hardly anything seemed out of place there and it beca ...
*::::: family 5.
Lacistemataceae Lacistemataceae is a small flowering plant family. There are two genera: *'' Lacistema'' (12 species) *'' Lozania'' (5 species) They are small trees (to 15 metres tall) and shrubs (to 5 metres tall) that are native to the subtropical and tro ...
*::::: family 6.
Peridiscaceae Peridiscaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales.Peter F. Stevens. 2001 onwards. "Peridiscaceae". At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below). Four genera comprise ...
*::::: family 7.
Violaceae Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus ''Viola'', the violets and pansies. Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed ...
*::::: family 8. Dipentodontaceae *::::: family 9. Scyphostegiaceae *:::: order 2. Passiflorales *::::: family 1.
Passifloraceae The Passifloraceae are a family of flowering plants, containing about 750 species classified in around 27 genera. They include trees, shrubs, lianas, and climbing plants, and are mostly found in tropical regions. The family takes its name fr ...
*::::: family 2. Turneriaceae *::::: family 3. Malesherbiaceae *::::: family 4. Achariaceae *:::: order 3. Caricales *::::: family 1.
Caricaceae The Caricaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Brassicales, found primarily in tropical regions of Central and South America and Africa. They are usually short-lived evergreen pachycaul shrubs or small to medium-sized trees growing ...
*:::: order 4. Salicales *::::: family 1.
Salicaceae The Salicaceae is the willow family of flowering plants. The traditional family (Salicaceae ''sensu stricto'') included the willows, poplar, aspen, and cottonwoods. Genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) have greatly ...
*:::: order 5. Elaeocarpales *::::: family 1.
Elaeocarpaceae Elaeaocarpaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family contains approximately 615 species of trees and shrubs in 12 genera."Elaeocarpaceae" In: Klaus Kubitzki (ed.). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol. VI. Springer-Verlag: Be ...
*:::: order 6. Tamaricales *::::: family 1.
Tamaricaceae The Tamaricaceae, the tamarisk family, are a family of plants native to drier areas of Europe, Asia, and Africa. It contains four genera: '' Tamarix'' (with 73 species), ''Reaumuria'' (25 species), ''Myricaria'' (13 species), and '' Myrtama'' (a ...
*::::: family 2. Frankeniaceae *::: superorder 9. Capparanae *:::: order 1. Moringales *::::: family 1. Moringaceae *:::: order 2. Gyrostemonales *::::: family 1.
Gyrostemonaceae Gyrostemonaceae is a family of plants in the order Brassicales The Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system. One character common to many members ...
*:::: order 3. Batales *::::: family 1.
Bataceae ''Batis'' (turtleweed, saltwort, beachwort, or pickleweed) is a genus of two species of flowering plants, the only genus in the family Bataceae. They are halophytic (salt tolerant) plants, native to the coastal salt marshes of warm temperate and ...
*:::: order 4. Capparales *::::: family 1. Koeberliniaceae *::::: family 2.
Pentadiplandraceae ''Pentadiplandra brazzeana'' is an evergreen shrub or liana that is the only species assigned to the genus ''Pentadiplandra'', and has been placed in a family of its own called Pentadiplandraceae. It produces large red berries, sometimes mottled ...
*::::: family 3.
Capparaceae The Capparaceae (or Capparidaceae), commonly known as the caper family, are a family of plants in the order Brassicales. As currently circumscribed, the family contains 33 genera and about 700 species. The largest genera are ''Capparis'' (about ...
*::::: family 4.
Brassicaceae Brassicaceae () or (the older) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. The leav ...
*::::: family 5. Tovariaceae *::::: family 6.
Resedaceae Resedaceae is a family of mostly herbaceous dicotyledonous plants comprising 107 known species in 8 to 12 genera: *''Borthwickia'' - 1 species, sometimes placed in its own family Borthwickiaceae *''Caylusea'' - 3 species *''Forchhammeria'' - 10 s ...
*::: superorder 10. Malvanae *:::: order 1. Cistales *::::: family 1.
Bixaceae The Bixaceae are a family of dicotyledonous plants commonly called the achiote family. Under the Cronquist system, the family was traditionally placed in the order Violales. However, newer arrangements move it, with some other families previously ...
*::::: family 2.
Cochlospermaceae The Cochlospermaceae were a family of two genera and 20-25 species of trees and shrubs, first described by Jules Émile Planchon in 1847. They have been included in the Bixaceae from the APG III system onwards. The older APG II system treated th ...
*::::: family 3.
Cistaceae The Cistaceae are a small family of plants (rock-rose or rock rose family) known for their beautiful shrubs, which are profusely covered by flowers at the time of blossom. This family consists of about 170(-200) species in nine genera that ar ...
*::::: family 4. Diegodendraceae *:::: order 2.
Malvales The Malvales are an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, the order includes about 6000 species within 9 families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots. The plants are mostly shrubs and ...
*::::: family 1.
Tiliaceae Tiliaceae () is a family of flowering plants. It is not a part of the APG, APG II and APG III classifications, being sunk in Malvaceae mostly as the subfamilies Tilioideae, Brownlowioideae and Grewioideae, but has an extensive historical reco ...
*::::: family 2. Dirachmaceae *::::: family 3. Monotaceae *::::: family 4.
Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 16 genera and about 695 known species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. The family name, from the type genus ''Dipterocarpus'', is derived from Greek (''di'' = two, ''pteron'' = wing and ''karpos'' = fru ...
*::::: family 5.
Sarcolaenaceae The Sarcolaenaceae are a family of flowering plants endemic to Madagascar. The family includes 79 species of mostly evergreen trees and shrubs in ten genera. Recent DNA studies indicate that the Sarcolaenaceae are a sibling taxon to the family ...
*::::: family 6. Plagiopteraceae *::::: family 7.
Huaceae Huaceae is a family of plant in the rosids group, which has been classed in the orders Malpighiales, Malvales, and Violales or in its own order Huales. The APG II system placed it in the clade eurosids I, whereas the APG III system of 2009 and ...
*::::: family 8. Sterculiaceae *::::: family 9.
Sphaerosepalaceae The Sphaerosepalaceae are a family of flowering plants including 14 species of trees and shrubs in two genera, '' Dialyceras'' and '' Rhopalocarpus'', all of which are endemic to Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially ...
*::::: family 10.
Bombacaceae Bombacaceae were long recognised as a family of flowering plants or Angiospermae. The family name was based on the type genus ''Bombax''. As is true for many botanical names, circumscription and status of the taxon has varied with taxonomic point ...
*::::: family 11.
Malvaceae Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familia ...
*:::: order 3. Thymelaeales *::::: family 1. Gonystylaceae *::::: family 2.
Thymelaeaceae The Thymelaeaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants composed of 50 genera (listed below) and 898 species.Zachary S. Rogers (2009 onwards)A World Checklist of Thymelaeaceae (version 1) Missouri Botanical Garden Website, St. Louis. It ...
*::: superorder 11. Cucurbitanae *:::: order 1. Begoniales *::::: family 1. Datiscaceae *::::: family 2.
Begoniaceae Begoniaceae is a family of flowering plants with two genera and about 2040 species occurring in the subtropics and tropics of both the New World and Old World. All but one of the species are in the genus ''Begonia''. There have been many recent d ...
*:::: order 2. Cucurbitales *::::: family 1.
Cucurbitaceae The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important to humans are: *''Cucurbita'' – squash, pumpkin, zucchini, some gourds *'' Lagen ...
*::: superorder 12. Urticanae *:::: order 1.
Urticales Urticales is an order of flowering plants. Before molecular phylogenetics became an important part of plant taxonomy, Urticales was recognized in many, perhaps even most, systems of plant classification, with some variations in circumscription. A ...
*::::: family 1. Ulmaceae *::::: family 2.
Celtidaceae ''Celtis'' is a genus of about 60–70 species of deciduous trees, commonly known as hackberries or nettle trees, widespread in warm temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The genus is part of the extended hemp family (Cannabaceae). ...
*::::: family 3.
Moraceae The Moraceae — often called the mulberry family or fig family — are a family of flowering plants comprising about 38 genera and over 1100 species. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates; however ...
*::::: family 4. Cecropiaceae *::::: family 5.
Urticaceae The Urticaceae are a family, the nettle family, of flowering plants. The family name comes from the genus ''Urtica''. The Urticaceae include a number of well-known and useful plants, including nettles in the genus ''Urtica'', ramie (''Boehmeri ...
*::::: family 6.
Cannabaceae Cannabaceae is a small family of flowering plants, known as the hemp family. As now circumscribed, the family includes about 170 species grouped in about 11 genera, including ''Cannabis'' (hemp), '' Humulus'' (hops) and '' Celtis'' (hackberries ...
*::: superorder 13. Euphorbianae *:::: order 1. Euphorbiales *::::: family 1.
Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of a genus in the family. Most spurges, such as '' Euphorbia paralias'', are herbs, but some, ...
*::::: family 2.
Pandaceae The family Pandaceae consists of three genera that were formerly recognized in the Euphorbiaceae. Those are: *'' Galearia'' (from tribe Galearieae, subfamily Acalyphoideae, family Euphorbiaceae) *'' Microdesmis'' (from tribe Galearieae, subfami ...
*::::: family 3. Dichapetalaceae *:: subclass 4.
Rosidae Under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), Rosidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used; the only requirement being t ...
*::: superorder 1. Saxifraganae *:::: order 1. Cunoniales *::::: family 1. Cunoniaceae *::::: family 2.
Davidsoniaceae Cunoniaceae is a family of 27 genera and about 335 species of woody plants in the order Oxalidales, mostly found in the tropical and wet temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere. The greatest diversity of genera are in Australia and Tasmania ...
*::::: family 3.
Eucryphiaceae Cunoniaceae is a family of 27 genera and about 335 species of woody plants in the order Oxalidales, mostly found in the tropical and wet temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere. The greatest diversity of genera are in Australia and Tasmania ...
*::::: family 4. Brunelliaceae *:::: order 2. Cephalotales *::::: family 1. Cephalotaceae *:::: order 3. Greyiales *::::: family 1.
Greyiaceae The Francoaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Geraniales, including the genera ''Francoa'', commonly known as bridal wreaths, and ''Tetilla''. The Francoaceae are recognized as a family under various classification schemes bu ...
*:::: order 4. Francoales *::::: family 1.
Francoaceae The Francoaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Geraniales, including the genera ''Francoa'', commonly known as bridal wreaths, and ''Tetilla''. The Francoaceae are recognized as a family under various classification schemes bu ...
*:::: order 5.
Crossosomatales The Crossosomatales are an order, first recognized as such by APG II. They are flowering plants included within the Rosid eudicots. Description Species assigned to the Crossosomatales have in common flowers that are positioned solitarily, wit ...
*::::: family 1. Crossosomataceae *:::: order 6. Saxifragales *::::: family 1. Tetracarpaeaceae *::::: family 2.
Penthoraceae ''Penthorum'' is a genus of plants in the order Saxifragales. They are erect herbaceous perennials about half a meter tall. The genus consists of two species, one from east Asia and one from eastern North America. It is variously classified i ...
*::::: family 3.
Crassulaceae The Crassulaceae (from Latin ''crassus'', thick), also known as the stonecrop family or the orpine family, are a diverse family of dicotyledon flowering plants characterized by succulent leaves and a unique form of photosynthesis, known as Crass ...
*::::: family 4.
Grossulariaceae ''Ribes'' is a genus of about 200 known species of flowering plants, most of them native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The various species are known as currants or gooseberries, and some are cultivated for their edi ...
*::::: family 5. Pterostemonaceae *::::: family 6.
Iteaceae Iteaceae is a flowering plant family of trees and shrubs native to the eastern USA, southeastern Africa, and south and Southeastern Asia. Some older taxonomic systems place the genus ''Itea'' in the family Grossulariaceae. The APG III system of ...
*::::: family 7.
Saxifragaceae Saxifragaceae is a family of herbaceous perennial flowering plants, within the core eudicot order Saxifragales. The taxonomy of the family has been greatly revised and the scope much reduced in the era of molecular phylogenetic analysis. The fa ...
*::: superorder 2. Podostemanae *:::: order 1. Gunnerales *::::: family 1. Gunneraceae *:::: order 2. Haloragales *::::: family 1.
Haloragaceae Haloragaceae (the watermilfoil family) is a eudicot flowering plant family in the order Saxifragales, based on the phylogenetic APG system. In the Cronquist system, it was included in the order Haloragales. Description The Haloragaceae are ...
*:::: order 3. Podostemales *::::: family 1. Podostemaceae *::: superorder 3. Celastranae *:::: order 1. Brexiales *::::: family 1. Brexiaceae *:::: order 2. Parnassiales *::::: family 1. Parnassiaceae *::::: family 2. Lepuropetalaceae *:::: order 3. Celastrales *::::: family 1.
Celastraceae The Celastraceae (staff-vine or bittersweet) are a family of 97 genera and 1,350 species of herbs, vines, shrubs and small trees, belonging to the order Celastrales. The great majority of the genera are tropical, with only ''Celastrus'' (the sta ...
*::::: family 2. Goupiaceae *::::: family 3. Lophopyxidaceae *::::: family 4. Stackhousiaceae *:::: order 4. Salvadorales *::::: family 1. Salvadoraceae *:::: order 5. Aquifoliales *::::: family 1.
Aquifoliaceae ''Ilex'' (), or holly, is a genus of over 570 species of flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only living genus in that family. ''Ilex'' has the most species of any woody dioecious angiosperm genus. The species are evergree ...
*::::: family 2. Phellinaceae *::::: family 3. Sphenostemonaceae *::::: family 4.
Icacinaceae The Icacinaceae, also called the white pear family, are a family of flowering plants,"Icacinaceae" At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website (see ''External links'' below). consisting of trees, shrubs, and lianas, pri ...
*::::: family 5. Cardiopteridaceae *::::: family 6. Aextoxicaceae *:::: order 6. Corynocarpales *::::: family 1. Corynocarpaceae *::: superorder 4. Santalanae *:::: order 1. Medusandrales *::::: family 1.
Medusandraceae ''Medusandra'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Peridiscaceae."Peridiscaceae" At: Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see external links below) It has two species, ...
*:::: order 2.
Santalales The Santalales are an order of flowering plants with a cosmopolitan distribution, but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions. It derives its name from its type genus ''Santalum'' (sandalwood). Mistletoe is the common name for a ...
*::::: family 1. Olacaceae *::::: family 2. Opiliaceae *::::: family 3.
Santalaceae The Santalaceae, sandalwoods, are a widely distributed family of flowering plants (including small trees, shrubs, perennial herbs, and epiphytic climbersHewson & George t al.br>''Santalaceae'' taxonomy, 1984, pp. 191-194.) which, like other mem ...
*::::: family 4.
Misodendraceae ''Misodendrum'' is a genus of hemiparasites which grow as mistletoes on various species of ''Nothofagus''. Its species are all restricted to South America. The name of the genus is incorrectly spelt in a number of ways, including ''Misodendron'' ...
*::::: family 5.
Loranthaceae Loranthaceae, commonly known as the showy mistletoes, is a family of flowering plants. It consists of about 75 genera and 1,000 species of woody plants, many of them hemiparasites. The three terrestrial species are ''Nuytsia floribunda'' (the W ...
*::::: family 6. Eremolepidaceae *::::: family 7.
Viscaceae Viscaceae is a taxonomic family name of flowering plants. In this circumscription, the family includes the several genera of mistletoes. This family name is currently being studied and under review as in past decades, several systems of plant tax ...
*::: superorder 5.
Rosanae Rosales () is an order of flowering plants. Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Rosales". At: Trees At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below) It is sister to a clade consisting of F ...
*:::: order 1.
Rosales Rosales () is an order of flowering plants. Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Rosales". At: Trees At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below) It is sister to a clade consisting of Faga ...
*::::: family 1.
Rosaceae Rosaceae (), the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera. The name is derived from the type genus ''Rosa''. Among the most species-rich genera are '' Alchemilla'' (270), ''Sorb ...
*::::: family 2.
Neuradaceae The Neuradaceae are a family of flowering plant, comprising three genera — ''Grielum'', '' Neurada'' and '' Neuradopsis'' — totalling ten known species. These genera were formerly placed in order Rosales, and in one case even in family Rosa ...
*::::: family 3.
Chrysobalanaceae Chrysobalanaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of trees and shrubs in 27 genera and about 700 species of pantropical distribution with a centre of diversity in the Amazon. Some of the species contain silica in their bodies for ri ...
*::: superorder 6. Geranianae *:::: order 1.
Geraniales Geraniales is a small order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subclade of eudicots. The largest family in the order is Geraniaceae with over 800 species. In addition, the order includes the smaller Francoaceae with about 40 speci ...
*::::: family 1. Oxalidaceae *::::: family 2. Geraniaceae *:::: order 2. Linales *::::: family 1. Hugoniaceae *::::: family 2.
Linaceae Linaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family is cosmopolitan, and includes about 250 species in 14 genera, classified into two subfamilies: the Linoideae and Hugonioideae (often recognized as a distinct family, the Hugoniaceae). Leaves ...
*::::: family 3. Ctenolophonaceae *::::: family 4.
Ixonanthaceae Ixonanthaceae is a pantropical flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, ve ...
*::::: family 5. Humiriaceae *::::: family 6.
Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylaceae (the coca family) is a family of flowering trees and shrubs consisting of 4 genera and 271 species. The four genera are ''Aneulophus'' Benth., ''Erythroxylum'' P.Browne, ''Nectaropetalum'' Engl., and ''Pinacopodium'' Exell & Mend ...
*::::: family 7.
Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllaceae is a family of flowering plants that contains the bean-caper and caltrop. The family includes around 285 species in 22 genera. Plants in the family Zygophyllaceae may be trees, shrubs, or herbs. They are often found in dry habit ...
*:::: order 3. Balsaminales *::::: family 1. Balsaminaceae *:::: order 4. Vochysiales *::::: family 1.
Malpighiaceae Malpighiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. It comprises about 73 genera and 1315 species, all of which are native to the tropics and subtropics. About 80% of the genera and 90% of the species occur in the New Wor ...
*::::: family 2. Trigoniaceae *::::: family 3.
Vochysiaceae Vochysiaceae is a plant family belonging to the order of Myrtales. Description Trees or shrubs with opposite leaves; flowers are zygomorph 1-(3)-5 merous; ovary inferior or superior; one fertile stamen; fruits samara or capsules. Biogeography ...
*::::: family 4. Tremandraceae *::::: family 5.
Krameriaceae ''Krameria'' is the only genus in the Krameriaceae family, of which any of the approximately 18 species are commonly known as rhatany, ratany or rattany. Rhatany is also the name given to krameria root, a botanical remedy consisting of the dried ...
*:::: order 5. Polygalales *::::: family 1. Polygalaceae *::::: family 2. Xanthophyllaceae *::::: family 3. Emblingiaceae *::: superorder 7. Fabanae *:::: order 1.
Fabales The Fabales are an order of flowering plants included in the rosid group of the eudicots in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II classification system. In the APG II circumscription, this order includes the families Fabaceae or legumes (including ...
*::::: family 1. Mimosaceae *::::: family 2.
Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpinioideae is a botanical name at the rank of subfamily, placed in the large family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. Its name is formed from the generic name ''Caesalpinia''. It is known also as the peacock flower subfamily. The Caesalpinioideae ar ...
*::::: family 3.
Fabaceae The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomenc ...
*::: superorder 8.
Rutanae Sapindales is an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem. The APG III system of 2009 includes i ...
*:::: order 1.
Sapindales Sapindales is an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem. The APG III system of 2009 includes it i ...
*::::: family 1. Staphyleaceae *::::: family 2. Tapisciaceae *::::: family 3.
Melianthaceae The Melianthaceae are a family of flowering plants. The APG II system includes them within the rosid clade. All members of Melianthaceae proper are trees or shrubs found in tropical and southern Africa. Francoaceae (the Bridal wreaths) are ...
*::::: family 4.
Sapindaceae The Sapindaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales known as the soapberry family. It contains 138 genera and 1858 accepted species. Examples include horse chestnut, maples, ackee and lychee. The Sapindaceae occur in temp ...
*::::: family 5. Hippocastanaceae *::::: family 6. Aceraceae *::::: family 7.
Bretschneideraceae ''Bretschneidera sinensis'', the sole species in genus ''Bretschneidera'', is a rare, tall a monotypic species of tree with large inflorescences. It is found in south and east of China, Taiwan, northern Thailand and northern Vietnam. It is thre ...
*::::: family 8. Akaniaceae *:::: order 2. Tropaeolales *::::: family 1.
Tropaeolaceae ''Tropaeolum'' , commonly known as nasturtium (; literally "nose-twister" or "nose-tweaker"), is a genus of roughly 80 species of annual and perennial herbaceous flowering plants. It was named by Carl Linnaeus in his book ''Species Plantarum' ...
*:::: order 3. Limnanthales *::::: family 1.
Limnanthaceae The Limnanthaceae are a small family of annual herbs occurring throughout temperate North America. There are eight species and nineteen taxa currently recognized. Members of this family are prominent in vernal pool communities of California. Some ...
*:::: order 4. Sabiales *::::: family 1. Sabiaceae *:::: order 5. Connarales *::::: family 1. Connaraceae *:::: order 6.
Rutales Sapindales is an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem. The APG III system of 2009 includes it ...
*::::: family 1.
Rutaceae The Rutaceae is a family, commonly known as the rueRUTACEAE
in BoDD – Botanical Der ...
*::::: family 2.
Rhabdodendraceae ''Rhabdodendron'' is a genus comprising two or three species of tropical South American trees. ''Rhabdodendron'' is placed in its own family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized bir ...
*::::: family 3. Cneoraceae *::::: family 4.
Simaroubaceae The Simaroubaceae are a small, mostly tropical, family in the order Sapindales. In recent decades, it has been subject to much taxonomic debate, with several small families being split off. A molecular phylogeny of the family was published in 20 ...
*::::: family 5.
Picramniaceae Picramniaceae is a small, mainly neotropical family of four genera '' Aenigmanu'', ''Alvaradoa'', ''Nothotalisia'' and ''Picramnia''. The family is the only member of the order Picramniales. Members of the family were formerly placed in the fami ...
*::::: family 6. Leitneriaceae *::::: family 7. Surianaceae *::::: family 8.
Irvingiaceae Irvingiaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 13 species in the 3 genera '' Allantospermum'', '' Irvingia'' and '' Klainedoxa''. '' Desbordesia'', formerly accepted is now included in ''Irvingia''. The family is named for the Scot ...
*::::: family 9. Kirkiaceae *::::: family 10. Ptaeroxylaceae *::::: family 11. Tepuianthaceae *::::: family 12.
Meliaceae Meliaceae, the mahogany family, is a flowering plant family of mostly trees and shrubs (and a few herbaceous plants, mangroves) in the order Sapindales. They are characterised by alternate, usually pinnate leaves without stipules, and by syncar ...
*::::: family 13. Lepidobotryaceae *:::: order 7. Coriariales *::::: family 1. Coriariaceae *:::: order 8. Burserales *::::: family 1.
Burseraceae The Burseraceae are a moderate-sized family of 17-19 genera and about 540 species of flowering plants. The actual numbers differ according to the time period in which a given source is written describing this family. The Burseraceae are also k ...
*::::: family 2.
Anacardiaceae The Anacardiaceae, commonly known as the cashew family or sumac family, are a family of flowering plants, including about 83 genera with about 860 known species. Members of the Anacardiaceae bear fruits that are drupes and in some cases produce ...
*::::: family 3.
Podoaceae Anacardioideae is a subfamily of plants in the family Anacardiaceae The Anacardiaceae, commonly known as the cashew family or sumac family, are a family of flowering plants, including about 83 genera with about 860 known species. Members of t ...
*::: superorder 9. Rhamnanae *:::: order 1. Rhamnales *::::: family 1.
Rhamnaceae The Rhamnaceae are a large family of flowering plants, mostly trees, shrubs, and some vines, commonly called the buckthorn family. Rhamnaceae is included in the order Rosales. The family contains about 55 genera and 950 species. The Rhamnaceae ...
*:::: order 2. Elaeagnales *::::: family 1.
Elaeagnaceae The Elaeagnaceae are a plant family, the oleaster family, of the order Rosales comprising small trees and shrubs, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, south into tropical Asia and Australia. The family has about 60 species ...
*::: superorder 10.
Proteanae Proteales is an order of flowering plants consisting of three (or four) families. The Proteales have been recognized by almost all taxonomists. The representatives of the Proteales are very different from each other. The order contains plants ...
*:::: order 1.
Proteales Proteales is an order of flowering plants consisting of three (or four) families. The Proteales have been recognized by almost all taxonomists. The representatives of the Proteales are very different from each other. The order contains plants ...
*::::: family 1.
Proteaceae The Proteaceae form a family of flowering plants predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises 83 genera with about 1,660 known species. Together with the Platanaceae and Nelumbonaceae, they make up the order ...
*::: superorder 11. Vitanae *:::: order 1.
Vitales The Vitaceae are a family of flowering plants, with 14 genera and around 910 known species, including common plants such as grapevines (''Vitis'' spp.) and Virginia creeper (''Parthenocissus quinquefolia''). The family name is derived from the g ...
*::::: family 1. Vitaceae *::::: family 2. Leeaceae *::: superorder 12. Rhizophoranae *:::: order 1.
Rhizophorales The Rhizophoraceae is a family of tropical or subtropical flowering plants. It includes around 147 species distributed in 15 genera.Setoguchi, H., Kosuge, K., & Tobe, H. (1999). Molecular Phylogeny of Rhizophoraceae Based on rbcL Gene Sequences. ...
*::::: family 1. Anisophylleaceae *::::: family 2. Rhizophoraceae *::: superorder 13.
Myrtanae The Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a sister to the eurosids II clade as of the publishing of the ''Eucalyptus grandis'' genome in June 2014. The APG III system of classification for angiosperms still places it within the eu ...
*:::: order 1.
Myrtales The Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a sister to the eurosids II clade as of the publishing of the ''Eucalyptus grandis'' genome in June 2014. The APG III system of classification for angiosperms still places it within the e ...
*::::: family 1.
Combretaceae The Combretaceae, often called the white mangrove family, are a family of flowering plants in the order Myrtales. The family includes about 530 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in ca 10 genera. The family includes the leadwood tree, ''Combret ...
*::::: family 2. Crypteroniaceae *::::: family 3.
Melastomataceae Melastomataceae is a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants found mostly in the tropics (two-thirds of the genera are from the New World tropics) comprising c. 175 genera and c. 5115 known species. Melastomes are annual or perennial herbs, s ...
*::::: family 4. Psiloxylaceae *::::: family 5. Heteropyxidaceae *::::: family 6.
Myrtaceae Myrtaceae, the myrtle family, is a family of dicotyledonous plants placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, pōhutukawa, bay rum tree, clove, guava, acca (feijoa), allspice, and eucalyptus are some notable members of this group. All sp ...
*::::: family 7.
Alzateaceae ''Alzatea verticillata'' is a small flowering tree, native to the Neotropics. It inhabits moist submontane forests from Costa Rica and Panama in Central America south to Peru and Bolivia in tropical South America. It is the sole species of gen ...
*::::: family 8. Rhynchocalycaceae *::::: family 9.
Penaeaceae The Penaeaceae are a family of evergreen, leathery-leaved shrubs and small trees, native to South Africa. The family has 29 species in 9 genera.Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards)Penaeaceae.
*::::: family 10. Oliniaceae *::::: family 11.
Lythraceae Lythraceae is a family of flowering plants, including 32 genera, with about 620 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees. The larger genera include ''Cuphea'' (275 spp.), ''Lagerstroemia'' (56), ''Nesaea'' (50), ''Rotala'' (45), and ''Lythrum'' (35). ...
*::::: family 12.
Trapaceae The water caltrop is any of three extant species of the genus ''Trapa'': ''Trapa natans'', ''Trapa bicornis'' and the endangered ''Trapa rossica''. It is also known as buffalo nut, bat nut, devil pod, ling gok ( Chinese: 菱角), ling nut, lin ko ...
*::::: family 13.
Onagraceae The Onagraceae are a family of flowering plants known as the willowherb family or evening primrose family. They include about 650 species of herbs, shrubs, and treesCornidae *::: superorder 1.
Cornanae The Cornales are an order of flowering plants, early diverging among the asterids, containing about 600 species. Plants within the Cornales usually have four-parted flowers, drupaceous fruits, and inferior to half-inferior gynoecia topped with d ...
*:::: order 1. Hydrangeales *::::: family 1. Escalloniaceae *::::: family 2. Hydrangeaceae *::::: family 3. Abrophyllaceae *::::: family 4. Argophyllaceae *::::: family 5. Corokiaceae *::::: family 6. Alseuosmiaceae *::::: family 7. Carpodetaceae *::::: family 8. Phyllonomaceae *::::: family 9. Pottingeriaceae *::::: family 10.
Tribelaceae ''Tribeles australis'', the sole species in the genus ''Tribeles'', is a prostrate shrub native to Chile and Argentina. Taxonomy Historically it was placed alone in family Tribelaceae. This was placed in the Hydrangeales by Takhtajan, but the A ...
*::::: family 11. Melanophyllaceae *::::: family 12. Montiniaceae *::::: family 13. Kaliphoraceae *::::: family 14. Eremosynaceae *::::: family 15. Vahliaceae *::::: family 16.
Columelliaceae Columelliaceae is a family of trees and shrubs native to the Andes of South America. In the APG II taxonomy it is placed in the order Lamiales, but a 2008 study suggested that the family is sister to the Bruniaceae, and the Angiosperm Phylogen ...
*:::: order 2. Roridulales *::::: family 1.
Roridulaceae ''Roridula'' (; from Latin ''roridus'' "dewy") is a genus of evergreen, insect-trapping shrubs, with two species, of about 1⅓–2 m (4–6⅔ ft). It is the only genus in the family Roridulaceae. It has thin, woody, shyly branching, upright, in ...
*:::: order 3. Garryales *::::: family 1. Aucubaceae *::::: family 2. Garryaceae *:::: order 4. Desfontainiales *::::: family 1. Desfontainiaceae *:::: order 5. Aralidiales *::::: family 1. Aralidiaceae *:::: order 6. Cornales *::::: family 1. Mastixiaceae *::::: family 2. Davidiaceae *::::: family 3. Nyssaceae *::::: family 4. Curtisiaceae *::::: family 5.
Cornaceae The Cornaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants in the order Cornales. The family contains approximately 85 species in two genera, '' Alangium'' and ''Cornus''. They are mostly trees and shrubs, which may be deciduous or evergreen, a ...
*::::: family 6.
Alangiaceae Alangiaceae was recognized as a small family of small dicotyledon trees, shrubs or lianas, closely related to the Cornaceae (dogwood family). There is only one genus, '' Alangium'', with seventeen species. The APG II states that Alangiaceae is ...
*::::: family 7. Griseliniaceae *::: superorder 2. Eucommianae *:::: order 1. Eucommiales *::::: family 1. Eucommiaceae *::: superorder 3. Aralianae *:::: order 1. Torricelliales *::::: family 1. Helwingiaceae *::::: family 2. Torricelliaceae *:::: order 2. Pittosporales *::::: family 1. Pittosporaceae *:::: order 3. Byblidales *::::: family 1. Byblidaceae *:::: order 4. Araliales *::::: family 1. Araliaceae *::::: family 2. Hydrocotylaceae *::::: family 3. Apiaceae *::: superorder 4. Dipsacanae *:::: order 1. Dipsacales *::::: family 1. Viburnaceae *::::: family 2. Sambucaceae *::::: family 3. Adoxaceae *::::: family 4. Caprifoliaceae *::::: family 5. Valerianaceae *::::: family 6. Dipsacaceae *::::: family 7. Morinaceae *:: subclass 6. Lamiidae *::: superorder 1. Gentiananae *:::: order 1. Gentianales *::::: family 1. Gelsemiaceae *::::: family 2. Loganiaceae *::::: family 3. Strychnaceae *::::: family 4. Gentianaceae *::::: family 5. Saccifoliaceae *::::: family 6. Geniostomaceae *::::: family 7. Plocospermataceae *:::: order 2. Rubiales *::::: family 1. Dialypetalanthaceae *::::: family 2. Rubiaceae *::::: family 3. Carlemanniaceae *:::: order 3. Apocynales *::::: family 1. Apocynaceae *::: superorder 2. Solananae *:::: order 1. Solanales *::::: family 1. Solanaceae *::::: family 2. Sclerophylacaceae *::::: family 3. Goetzeaceae *::::: family 4. Duckeodendraceae *::::: family 5. Convolvulaceae *::::: family 6. Cuscutaceae *::::: family 7. Polemoniaceae *::::: family 8. Hydrophyllaceae *::::: family 9. Boraginaceae *::::: family 10. Tetrachondraceae *::::: family 11. Hoplestigmataceae *::::: family 12. Lennoaceae *::: superorder 3. Loasanae *:::: order 1. Loasales *::::: family 1. Loasaceae *::: superorder 4. Oleanae *:::: order 1. Oleales *::::: family 1. Oleaceae *::: superorder 5. Lamianae *:::: order 1. Lamiales *::::: family 1. Buddlejaceae *::::: family 2. Stilbaceae *::::: family 3. Bignoniaceae *::::: family 4. Paulowniaceae *::::: family 5. Schlegeliaceae *::::: family 6. Globulariaceae *::::: family 7. Scrophulariaceae *::::: family 8. Veronicaceae *::::: family 9. Orobanchaceae *::::: family 10. Oftiaceae *::::: family 11. Myoporaceae *::::: family 12. Callitrichaceae *::::: family 13. Gesneriaceae *::::: family 14. Plantaginaceae *::::: family 15. Pedaliaceae *::::: family 16. Martyniaceae *::::: family 17. Trapellaceae *::::: family 18. Acanthaceae *::::: family 19. Lentibulariaceae *::::: family 20. Verbenaceae *::::: family 21. Phrymaceae *::::: family 22. Cyclocheilaceae *::::: family 23. Avicenniaceae *::::: family 24. Lamiaceae *:::: order 2. Hydrostachyales *::::: family 1. Hydrostachyaceae *:::: order 3. Hippuridales *::::: family 1. Hippuridaceae *:: subclass 7. Asteridae *::: superorder Campanulanae *:::: order 1. Menyanthales *::::: family 1. Menyanthaceae *:::: order 2. Goodeniales *::::: family 1. Goodeniaceae *:::: order 3. Stylidiales *::::: family 1. Donatiaceae *::::: family 2. Stylidiaceae *:::: order 4. Campanulales *::::: family 1. Pentaphragmataceae *::::: family 2. Sphenocleaceae *::::: family 3. Campanulaceae *::: superorder 2. Asteranae *:::: order 1. Calycerales *::::: family 1. Calyceraceae *:::: order 2. Asterales *::::: family 1. Asteraceae


References


Bibliography

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External links


Plantsystematics.org
{{List of systems of plant taxonomy Systems of plant taxonomy, system, Reveal