RFC sub-units
The 5 subunits of replication factor C are 1.RFC1 40KDa 2.RFC2 0KDa 3.RFC3 8KDa 4.RFC4 7KDaref name=":0"> 5.RFC5 6KDa Eukaryotes, yeast, mice, drosophila, calf thymus, humans, rice, and Arabidopsis all contain 5 subunits. There are genes such as 13q12.3-q13, 3q27, and p140 FC1 p40 FC2 p38 FC3 p37 FC4p36 FC5are located on human chromosomal segments. RFC Boxes -8are the amino acid sequences found in human replication factor C.Physiological functions of RFC in Humans
RFC is involved in the maintenance of telomeres, nuclear DNA replication, mismatch repair, and nucleotide excision repair. In the presence of ATP, RFC can load Proliferating cell nuclear antigen CNAand DNA polymerase to form DNA-RFC-PCNA-DNA polymerase, which elongates in the presence of deoxynucleotides NTPsvia the action of human single-stranded DNA-binding protein SSB RFC acts as a DNA checkpoint, initiating repairs such as excisions and mismatch repair. RFC1 has a binding region that interacts with PCNA, which has been linked to Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome GPS RFC prevents cell death caused by histone H3K56. RFC2 can load PCNA into chromatin during DNA replication and it is also involved in DNA replication and repair, as well as cell cycle checkpoints.RFC as a checkpoint
To minimize somatic genetic alterations, checkpoint mechanisms stimulate a cell cycle halt at precise locations when DNA and perhaps other cellular constitutes are destroyed and sustain the arrested state till the signals clearly show the healing process from the injury is obtained. RFC5 and RCF2 are also engaged in DNA damage checkpoints and DNA replication checkpoints. Replication factor C is an emergency backup factor for DNA polymerases. RFC2 gene product required for a cell cycle checkpoint. RFC is a heteropentamer in budding yeast, it is encoded either by RFC1 and RFC2-5 genes. For polymerases δ and ε, RFC is a primer recognition factor. During chromosomal DNA replication, the RFC2 gene product meets the RFC1 and RFC5 specific genes, in addition to both DNA polymerases δ and ɛ. The rfc3+ gene is completely separated from fission yeast for DNA damage to regulate checkpoints. The checkpoint signal is also established by RFC3. To regulate the G2-M transition RFC proteins appear to be important in signal transmission to the checkpoint machinery.References
DNA replication {{Protein-stub