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The regions of Somaliland ( so, Gobolada Somaliland; ar, محافظات صوماليلاند) is divided into six administrative regions,
Awdal,
Sahil,
Maroodi-Jeeh,
Togdheer
Togdheer ( so, Togdheer, ar, تُوْجْدَيْر, Tūjdayr) is an administrative region ('' gobol'') in central Somaliland. Togdheer is bordered by Maroodi Jeex to the west, Saaxil to the north, Sanaag to the northeast, Sool to the east a ...
,
Sanaag and
Sool
Sool ( so, Sool, ar, صول) is an administrative region ('' gobol'') in south eastern Somaliland/north western Somalia. It borders Togdheer to the west, Sanaag to the north, Ethiopia to the south and Nugal, Bari to the east. Its capital city ...
. These are in turn subdivided into twenty-two
districts
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions ...
. Regions of Somaliland are the primary geographical divisions through which Somaliland is administered. A distinction is made between districts of grades A, B, C and D, with the classification being based on population, area, economy and production.
Regions
History
British territory and independence era
The local administration of British Somaliland (1884-June 26, 1960) was stipulated primarily by the Local Government Ordinance of 1953. The ordinance established councils in six districts that had divided Somaliland since 1944. The ordinance continued to be used after independence as the
State of Somaliland (June 26-July 1, 1960). At the time of the integration with
Italian Somaliland
Italian Somalia ( it, Somalia Italiana; ar, الصومال الإيطالي, Al-Sumal Al-Italiy; so, Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaalida), was a protectorate and later colony of the Kingdom of Italy in present-day Somalia. Ruled in the 19th centu ...
on July 1, 1960, there were the following six districts.
*Berbera
*Borama
*Burao
*Erigavo
*Hargeisa
*Las Anod
The council (capital) was located in the city of the same name. These six areas were inherited by the regions established after the reindependence in 1991, and have a six-regionsystem with the six cities where the council was located as the capital.
British Somaliland
British Somaliland, officially the Somaliland Protectorate ( so, Dhulka Maxmiyada Soomaalida ee Biritishka), was a British protectorate in present-day Somaliland. During its existence, the territory was bordered by Italian Somalia, French So ...
and latter
State of Somaliland">
British Somaliland Districts.png
Union era
On July 1, 1960, the
State of Somaliland annexed
Italian Somaliland
Italian Somalia ( it, Somalia Italiana; ar, الصومال الإيطالي, Al-Sumal Al-Italiy; so, Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaalida), was a protectorate and later colony of the Kingdom of Italy in present-day Somalia. Ruled in the 19th centu ...
and became independent again as the
Somali Republic. From then on, the former British territory is called the "northern region" and the former Italian territory with the capital Mogadishu is called the "southern region". On June 14, 1962, the six former British territories were reorganized into two states. The six districts that made up the former Italian territory have been transferred to the state as they are.
*Burao region (North East region):
Erigavo
Erigavo ( so, Ceerigaabo, ), also spelled as Erigabo, is the capital and largest city of the Sanaag region of Somaliland.
History
The Erigavo settlement is several centuries old. The surrounding area was supposedly built by the Madigan Dir ...
,
Burao
Burao, also spelt Bur'o or Bur'ao (; so, Burco, , ar, برعو) is the capital of the Togdheer region and the second largest city in Somaliland. Burao was also the third largest city of Somalia. Burao was the site of the declaration of an in ...
and
Las Anod
Las Anod ( so, Laascaanood; ar, لاسعانود) is the administrative capital of the Sool, Somaliland, Sool region of Somaliland.
Territorial dispute
The city is disputed by Puntland and Somaliland. The former bases its claim due to the ki ...
merged. It has a population of 330,000 (estimated in 1961) and an area of 128,000 square kilometers.
*Hargeisa region (North West region):
Berbera
Berbera (; so, Barbara, ar, بربرة) is the capital of the Sahil region of Somaliland and is the main sea port of the country. Berbera is a coastal city and was the former capital of the British Somaliland protectorate before Hargeisa. I ...
,
Borama
Borama ( so, Boorama, ar, بورما) is the Second capital city of Somaliland and the largest city of the northwestern Awdal region of Somaliland The commercial seat of the province, it is situated near the border with Ethiopia.
During the Mid ...
and
Hargeisa districts merged. It has a population of 270,000 (same as above) and an area of 48,000 square kilometers.
Subsequently, the "Local Administration and Local Assembly Election Act" was enacted on August 14, 1963, and a district (District, different from that of the British territory) council was established. A decree governing region and district organization on February 8, 1967 established a two-tiered region-district structure.
On October 21, 1969, a military coup by Maj. Gen.
Mohammed Siad Barre broke out. Barre, who seized power, placed all local governments, including regions and districts, under the direct control of the government under the "Local Government Reform Act" of June 8, 1972, and was a party under the decree of February 3, 1977. He established a local rule system based on dictatorship socialism. By 1982, the Barre administration had reorganized the regions of the country, and the two northern regions were divided into
Woqooyi Galbeed,
Togdheer
Togdheer ( so, Togdheer, ar, تُوْجْدَيْر, Tūjdayr) is an administrative region ('' gobol'') in central Somaliland. Togdheer is bordered by Maroodi Jeex to the west, Saaxil to the north, Sanaag to the northeast, Sool to the east a ...
, and
Sanaag. In June 1984,
Awdal was separated from
Woqooyi Galbeed, and
Sool
Sool ( so, Sool, ar, صول) is an administrative region ('' gobol'') in south eastern Somaliland/north western Somalia. It borders Togdheer to the west, Sanaag to the north, Ethiopia to the south and Nugal, Bari to the east. Its capital city ...
was separated from Nugal (former Italian territory) (although there is a theory that the addition of these two regions was not implemented ). .. During the
Ogaden War
The Ogaden War, or the Ethio-Somali War (, am, የኢትዮጵያ ሶማሊያ ጦርነት, ye’ītiyop’iya somalīya t’orineti), was a military conflict fought between Somalia and Ethiopia from July 1977 to March 1978 over the Ethiop ...
(1977-1988), the same number of refugees as the population at that time (estimated at 1.3 million) rushed to the northern region, and the governing body was paralyzed.
Somali Democratic Republic
The Somali Democratic Republic ( so, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya Soomaaliyeed; ar, الجمهورية الديمقراطية الصومالية, ; it, Repubblica Democratica Somala) was the name that the socialist military government gave to S ...
1982-1991">
Somalia1969.png, Administrative divisions of