Reciprocal may refer to:

In mathematics

Multiplicative inverse In mathematics, a multiplicative inverse or reciprocal for a number ''x'', denoted by 1/''x'' or ''x''−1, is a number which when multiplied by ''x'' yields the multiplicative identity, 1. The multiplicative inverse of a fraction ''a''/' ...

, in mathematics, the number 1/''x'', which multiplied by ''x'' gives the product 1, also known as a ''reciprocal'' * Reciprocal polynomial, a polynomial obtained from another polynomial by reversing its coefficients * Reciprocal rule, a technique in calculus for calculating derivatives of reciprocal functions * Reciprocal spiral, a plane curve * Reciprocal averaging, a statistical technique for aggregating categorical data

In science and technology

* Reciprocal

aircraft heading In navigation, the heading of a vessel or aircraft is the compass direction in which the craft's bow or nose is pointed. Note that the heading may not necessarily be the direction that the vehicle actually travels, which is known as its ''cours ...

, 180 degrees (the opposite direction) from a stated heading * Reciprocal lattice, a basis for the dual space of covectors, in crystallography *

Reciprocal length Reciprocal length or inverse length is a quantity or measurement used in several branches of science and mathematics. As the reciprocal of length, common units used for this measurement include the reciprocal metre or inverse metre (symbol: m− ...

, a measurement used in science *

Reciprocating engine A reciprocating engine, also often known as a piston engine, is typically a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and high pressure into a rotating motion. This article describes the common fe ...

or piston engine *

Reciprocating oscillation Reciprocating motion, also called reciprocation, is a repetitive up-and-down or back-and-forth linear motion. It is found in a wide range of mechanisms, including reciprocating engines and pumps. The two opposite motions that comprise a single r ...

in physical wave theory

Life sciences and medicine

Hybrid (biology) In biology, a hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different breeds, varieties, species or genera through sexual reproduction. Hybrids are not always intermediates between their parents (such as in ...

, in genetics, the result of a reciprocal pair of crossings, forming ''reciprocal hybrids'' *

Reciprocal altruism In evolutionary biology, reciprocal altruism is a behaviour whereby an organism acts in a manner that temporarily reduces its fitness while increasing another organism's fitness, with the expectation that the other organism will act in a similar m ...

, a form of symbiotic relationship in evolutionary biology * Reciprocal cross, a breeding experiment in genetics * Sherrington's law of reciprocal innervation in the theory of muscle activation

Social sciences

Reciprocal determinism Reciprocal determinism is the theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura which states that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment. Bandura accepts the possibility that an individu ...

, a theory in psychology

Linguistics

* Reciprocal construction, a construction in which agent and patient are in a mutual relationship

In reciprocal relationships

Reciprocal license Copyleft is the legal technique of granting certain freedoms over copies of copyrighted works with the requirement that the same rights be preserved in derivative works. In this sense, ''freedoms'' refers to the use of the work for any purpose, ...

, a type of software licenses also known as copyleft * Reciprocal link between two web pages *

Reciprocal Public License The Reciprocal Public License (RPL) is a copyleft software license released in 2001. Version 1.5 of the license was published on July 15, 2007, and was approved by the Open Source Initiative as an open-source license. Description The RPL was a ...