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Radical surgery, also called radical dissection, is radical dissection - The Free Dictionary
/ref> It is opposed to for example
In
surgery
Surgery ''cheirourgikē'' (composed of χείρ, "hand", and ἔργον, "work"), via la, chirurgiae, meaning "hand work". is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a person to investigate or treat a pat ...
that is more extensive than "conservative" surgery.
In surgical oncology
Surgical oncology is the branch of surgery applied to oncology; it focuses on the surgical management of tumors, especially cancerous tumors.
As one of several modalities in the management of cancer, the specialty of surgical oncology has evolved ...
, radical surgery is surgery intended to remove both a tumor and any metastases
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; the term is typically used when referring to metastasis by a cancerous tumor. The newly pathological sites, then, ...
thereof, for diagnostic
Diagnosis is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in many different disciplines, with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience, to determine " cause and effect". In systems engine ...
and/or treatment purposes. It typically describes the removal of a tumor or mass and ancillary lymph nodes that may drain the mass, as in radical mastectomy
Radical mastectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of breast, underlying chest muscle (including pectoralis major and pectoralis minor), and lymph nodes of the axilla as a treatment for breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most comm ...
./ref> It is opposed to for example
palliative surgery Palliative surgery is surgical intervention targeted to make a patient’s symptom
Signs and symptoms are the observed or detectable signs, and experienced symptoms of an illness, injury, or condition. A sign for example may be a higher or lower ...
which is intended for symptom relief rather than complete removal of cancer tissue.
In histopathology
Histopathology (compound of three Greek words: ''histos'' "tissue", πάθος ''pathos'' "suffering", and -λογία '' -logia'' "study of") refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease. Spe ...
, radicality of tumor excisions is generally defined as the absence of tumor cells in a certain resection margin
A resection margin or surgical margin is the margin of apparently non-tumorous tissue around a tumor that has been surgically removed, called " resected", in surgical oncology. The resection is an attempt to remove a cancer tumor so that no portio ...
, with the specific margin width varying by tumor type and local guidelines. A non-radical excision may require re-excision.
References
Surgery {{Surgery-stub