Ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6 or eS6) is a component of the
40S ribosomal subunit and is therefore involved in
translation
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. The English language draws a terminological distinction (which does not exist in every language) between ''transla ...
. Mouse model studies have shown that phosphorylation of eS6 is involved in the regulation of
cell size
Cell growth refers to an increase in the total mass of a cell, including both cytoplasmic, nuclear and organelle volume. Cell growth occurs when the overall rate of cellular biosynthesis (production of biomolecules or anabolism) is greater than ...
,
cell proliferation
Cell proliferation is the process by which ''a cell grows and divides to produce two daughter cells''. Cell proliferation leads to an exponential increase in cell number and is therefore a rapid mechanism of tissue growth. Cell proliferation r ...
, and
glucose homeostasis
Blood sugar regulation is the process by which the levels of blood sugar, primarily glucose, are maintained by the body within a narrow range. This tight regulation is referred to as glucose homeostasis. Insulin, which lowers blood sugar, and gl ...
.
Studies show that the p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinases (
S6K1 and
S6K2
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1), also known as p70S6 kinase (p70S6K, p70-S6K), is an enzyme (specifically, a protein kinase) that in humans is encoded by the ''RPS6KB1'' gene. It is a serine/threonine kinase that acts downstream of PIP3 ...
) and p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinases (
RSK) both phosphorylate eS6 and that S6K1 and S6K2 predominate this function.
Pathways leading to the induction of human eS6 phosphorylation have been found to enhance
IL-8 protein synthesis. This mechanism is dependent on A/U-rich proximal sequences (APS) found in the 3'UTR of IL-8 immediately after the stop codon.
References
External links
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{{Ribosome subunits
Ribosomal proteins